Colocasia
90170
225608669
2008-07-14T15:15:15Z
80.229.182.42
/* References */
:''For the [[moth]] genus, see ''[[Colocasia (moth)]].
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Colocasia''
| image = Inhamechines1.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Colocasia gigantea]]'' (Giant taro)
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Alismatales]]
| familia = [[Araceae]]
| genus = '''''Colocasia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Colocasia''''' is a [[genus]] of six to eight species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Araceae]], native to tropical [[Polynesia]] and southeastern [[Asia]] (Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer, 1999). Common name "Elephant-ear", or "Taro" - this name is also used for some other large-leaved genera in the Araceae, notably ''[[Xanthosoma]]'' and ''[[Caladium]]''.
They are [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s with a large [[rhizome]] on or just below the ground surface. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large to very large, 20-150 cm long, with a [[Leaf shape|sagittate]] shape. The elephant's-ear plant gets its name from the leaves, which are shaped like a large ear or shield.
;Species of Colocasia
*''[[Colocasia affinis]]'' (syn. ''C. marshallii'')
*''[[Colocasia bicolor]]''
*''[[Colocasia coryli]]''
*''[[Colocasia esculenta]]'' (syn. ''C. antiquorum'') - [[Taro]] or Elephant-ear
*''[[Colocasia fontanesii]]''
*''[[Colocasia gigantea]]'' - Giant Taro
*''[[Colocasia lihengiae]]''
*''[[Colocasia macrorrhiza]]''
*''[[Colocasia menglaensis]]''
''Colocasia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Palpifer|Palpifer murinus]]'' and ''[[Palpifer|Palpifer sexnotatus]]''.
===Cultivation and uses===
[[Image:Elephant ear plant.jpg|left|thumb|''Colocasia esculenta'']]
''Colocasia esculenta'' and other members of the genus are cultivated for their edible [[tuber]]s, a traditional [[starch]] staple in many tropical areas. The edible types are grown in the South Pacific and eaten like potatoes and known as [[taro]], eddo, and dasheen. This famous root vegetable is known as "Arbi/Arvi" in the [[Indian subcontinent]] where its leaves are also cherished. A favorite Hawaiian dish is made by boiling the starchy underground stem of the plant" (World Book Encyclopedia).
In [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi]] districts of [[Karnataka]] state (India), they are used to make [[Patrode]] - a popular delicacy; in [[Kerala]] state (India) they are used to make chembila curry - a tasty delicacy. The stem & root are also used in the preparation of delicacies ( ishtu moru curry etc.). In Andhrapradesh state of India, several delicacies are made either with root or leaves of Chaama. In [[Gujarat]], they are used to make a popular dish called ''[[Patra (dish)|Patra]]''. They are grown outside year-round in subtropical and tropical areas. In temperate regions, they are grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, planted out for the summer and dug up and stored over winter; they can be grown in almost any temperature zone as long as the summer is warm. The plant can be grown in the ground or in large containers.
The root [[tuber]] is typically planted close to the surface. The first signs of growth will appear in 1 to 3 weeks. The adult plant will need a minimum of at least 1m of space for good growth. They do best in [[compost]]-rich [[soil]] and in [[shade]], but will grow reasonably well in average soil provided it is moisture-retentive. The plants should not be left to go dry for too long; if this does happen, the leaves will wilt; watering will allow the plant to recover if done before they get too dry. Periodic fertilisation (every 3 to 4 weeks) with a common plant [[fertiliser]] will increase yields.
Growth is best at temperatures between 20°C to 30°C. The plants can be damaged if temperatures fall below 10°C for more than a few days. When cultivated in climates with colder winters, the tuber must be dug up and stored during the colder, winter months in a cool, dry place protected from frost and with good ventilation to reduce the risk of fungal diseases. Replanting in spring is done when the chance of frost has passed.
Leaves and tuber of this plant are used as food items in the Indian subcontinent. The plant is known as '''''Arabi or Ghuiya''''' in local language as well as Patra.
== References ==
* Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1999. ''Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i''. Revised edition. Vol. 2. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press. p. 1357.
* [http://www.hardytropicals.co.uk/Aroids/Colocasia/Colocasia_esculenta.php Hardy Tropicals information page on Colocasia esculenta]
[[Category:Araceae]]
[[de:Colocasia]]
[[fr:Colocasia]]
[[jv:Colocasia]]
[[lt:Kolokazija]]