Coloring book 1619976 221716573 2008-06-25T19:39:48Z Iridescent 937705 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/68.92.39.215|68.92.39.215]] to last version by DOI bot (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) [[Image:The Little Folks' Paint Book.jpg|thumb|The Little Folks' Paint Book, ''credited as the first coloring book, was published in 1879''.]] A '''coloring book''' (or '''colouring book''', see [[American and British English spelling differences|spelling differences]]) is a type of [[book]] containing line art for a reader to add [[color]] using [[crayon]]s, [[colored pencil]]s, [[marker pen]]s, [[paint]] or other artistic media. Coloring books are generally used by [[children]], though coloring books for adults are also available. They cover a wide range of subjects, from simple stories for children to intricate or abstract designs for adults. The golden age of coloring books is considered to be the 1960s.<ref name="PatJacobs">{{cite web |url=http://www.loti.com/then_now/Coloring_Books.htm |title=COLORING BOOKS|author=Pat Jacobs|accessdate=2007-04-15}}</ref> ==History== [[Image:Crayola 24pack 2005.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Crayons have replaced paints as the common means of filling in coloring books.]] Paint books and coloring books emerged in the United States as part of the "democratization of art" process, inspired by a series of lectures by British artist [[Joshua Reynolds]], and the works of Swiss educator [[Johann Pestalozzi]] and his student [[Friedrich Froebel]]. Many educators concluded that all, regardless of background, students stood to benefit from [[art education]] as a means of enhancing their conceptual understanding of the tangible, developing their cognitive abilities, and improving skills that would be useful in finding a profession, as well as for the children's spiritual edification.<ref name="Absolutearts">[http://www.absolutearts.com/artsnews/2003/08/04/31263.html "Drawn to Art: Art Education and the American Experience, 1800-1950" exhibition review.]</ref> The [[McLoughlin Brothers]] are credited as the inventors of the coloring book, when, in 1880s they produced ''The Little Folks' Painting Book'', in collaboration with [[Kate Greenaway]]. They continued to publish coloring books until the 1920s, when the McLoughlin Brothers became part of the [[Milton Bradley Company]]. Another pioneer in the genre was [[Richard F. Outcault]]. He authored ''Buster's Paint Book'' in 1907, featuring the character of [[Buster Brown]], which he had invented in 1902. It was published by the [[Stokes Company]]. This launched a trend to use coloring books to advertise a wide variety of products, including [[coffee]] and [[piano]]s.<ref name="Absolutearts" /> Until the 1930s, books were designed with the intent for them to be painted instead of colored. Even when [[crayons]] came into wide use in the '30s, books were still designed so that they could be painted or colored.<ref name="PatJacobs" /> == Educational uses == As a predominately non-verbal medium, coloring books have seen wide application in education where the target groups do not speak and understand the primary language of instruction or communication. Examples of this include the use of coloring books in [[Guatemala]] to teach children about "hieroglyphs and [[Maya civilization|Mayan]] artist patterns",<ref>{{cite journal | title=Perspectives of Children's Literature in Guatemala | journal=Hispania | first=Sue | last=Misheff | year=1994 | date=September | volume=77 | issue=3 | pages=524–531 | doi=10.2307/344988}}</ref> and the production of coloring books to educate the children of farm workers about "the pathway by which agricultural pesticides are transferred from work to home."<ref>{{cite journal | title=Nuclear Waste Transportation: Case Studies of Identifying Stakeholder Risk Information Needs | year=2003 | month=March | journal=Environmental Health Perspectives | volume=111 | issue=3 | pages=263–272 | last=Drew | first=Christina H. | coauthors=Deirdre A. Grace; Susan M. Silbernagel; Erin S. Hemmings; Alan Smith; William C. Griffith; Timothy K. Takaro; Elaine M. Faustman}}</ref> Coloring books are also said to help to motivate students' understanding of concepts that they would otherwise be uninterested in. Since the 1980s, several publishers have also produced educational coloring books intended for studying graduate-level topics such as anatomy and physiology, where color-coding of many detailed diagrams are used as a learning aid. == Health and therapeutic uses == Coloring books have seen wide application in the health professions as educational tools. One nurse, trying to limit the trauma of child surgery, described in an academic publication how the use of a coloring book "might help [the child] to understand what was going to happen to him."<ref>{{cite journal | title=Tonsil Season | first=Carolyn | last=Harris | journal=The American Journal of Nursing | volume=61 | issue=1 | year=1961 | month=January | pages=91–92 | doi=10.2307/3451768}}</ref> They are used in rehabilitation of accident victims to aid recovery of hand-eye coordination, and they are used with autistic children both for entertainment and for their soothing affect. It should be noted however that some autistic children will react strongly to bright colors, and that the use of paint and paint-brushes can lead to accidents that may greatly upset the child. For this reason a software based coloring book may be a better option. == Political uses == Coloring books have sometimes been used for political ends. In 1968 the ''Black Panther Coloring Book'' began circulating in the [[United States]]. Rejected by the [[Black Panther Party]] and distributed to white households, it depicted police as pigs and encouraged violence, stating that "the only good pig is a dead pig."<ref>Some commentators have alleged that the book was a piece of [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] [[agitprop]]. See {{cite journal | first=Carl | last=Jorgenson | title=Blacks in the 60s: A Centennial Reprise | journal=Social Text | year=1984 | month=Spring-Summer | issue=9/10 | pages=313–317 | doi=10.2307/466577}}. Others accept the text as genuine.{{cite journal | title='Keepin' it Real': Walter Dean Myers and the Promise of African-American Children's Literature | first=R.D. | last=Lane | journal=African American Review | volume=32 | issue=1 | year=1998 | month=Spring | pages=125–138 | doi=10.2307/3042275}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,941720-1,00.html | title=Police And Panthers: Growing Paranoia | accessdate=2007-04-14 | date=December 19, 1969 | work=Time Magazine}}</ref> The term and concept of the "coloring book" was adopted by the [[feminist]] artist [[Tee Corinne]] as a tool of female empowerment. Corinne made pencil sketches of female genitalia, which she then inked and printed on card stock. She published a collection of them in 1975 as ''The Cunt Coloring Book.'' {{cquote|''No other name seemed really to fit, although the word "cunt" was not one with which I was particularly comfortable. The alliteration, though, was nice. I also liked the idea of combining a street term for genitalia with a coloring book, because both are ways that, as children, we get to know the world''.<ref>{{cite journal | first=Tee | last=Corinne | title=Artist's Statement: On Sexual Art | authorlink=Tee Corinne | journal=Feminist Studies | year=1993 | volume=19 | issue=2 | pages=369–376 | month=Summer | doi=10.2307/3178374}}</ref>}} == Printed coloring books == [[Image:Colouring pencils.jpg|right|210px|thumb|Coloring [[pencil]]s are commonly used to fill in coloring books.]] Traditional Coloring Books and Coloring Pages are printed on paper or card. Some coloring books have [[Perforation|perforated edge]]s so their pages can be removed from the books and used as individual sheets. Others may include a [[Narrative|story]] line and so are intended to be left intact. Today many children's coloring books feature popular [[cartoon character]]s. They are often used as promotional materials for [[animated motion picture]]s. Coloring books may also incorporate other activities such as [[dot-to-dot]], [[mazes]] and other [[puzzles]]. Some Coloring Books also incorporate the use of [[stickers]]. == Notes == {{reflist}} == See also == {{wikibooks|Wikijunior Coloring Book}} * [[Paint by number]] * [[Coloring Book software]] * [http://www.retroreprints.com/ Retro Reprints - The world's largest guide to coloring books] [[Category:Books by type]] [[de:Malbuch]] [[nl:Kleurboek]] [[ja:塗り絵]] [[pl:Kolorowanka]] [[sl:Pobarvanka]] [[fi:Värityskirja]]