Colubrid 241383 224100343 2008-07-07T08:56:18Z Hwoarang17 6378682 /* Classification */ {{Taxobox | name = Colubrids | image = Coluber caspius.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Caspian Whipsnake<br/>''[[Coluber caspius|Coluber (Dolichophis) caspius]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | classis = [[Sauropsid]]a | subclassis = [[Diapsida]] | infraclassis = [[Lepidosauromorpha]] | superordo = [[Lepidosauria]] | ordo = [[Squamata]] | infraordo = [[Serpentes]] | familia = '''Colubridae''' | samilia_authority = | subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilies]] | subdivision = [[Boodontinae]]<br/> [[Calamariinae]]<br/> [[Colubrinae]]<br/> [[Dipsadinae]]<br/> [[Homalopsinae]]<br/> [[Natricinae]]<br/> [[Pareatinae]]<br/> [[Psammophiinae]]<br/> [[Pseudoxenodontinae]]<br/> [[Pseudoxyrhophiinae]]<br/> [[Xenodermatinae]]<br/> [[Xenodontinae]]<br/> [[incertae sedis Colubridae|incertae sedis]]<br/> (but see text) }} A '''colubrid''' (from Latin ''coluber'', snake) is a [[snake]] that is a member of the '''Colubridae''' [[family (biology)|family]]. It is a broad classification of snakes that includes well over half of all [[snake]] species on earth. A colubrid's body is almost completely covered in scales. While most colubrids are non-venomous (or have venom that isn't known to be harmful to humans) and are normally harmless, a few groups, such as genus [[Boiga]], can produce medically significant bites. In addition, the [[Boomslang]] and [[African Twig Snake]] have both caused human fatalities.The venom-injecting fangs associated with venomous colubrids are almost always in the back of the mouth, compared to [[Viperidae|vipers]] and [[elapids]]. The Colubrids are certainly not a natural group, as many are more closely related to other groups, such as elapids, than to each other. This family has classically been a dumping ground for snakes that don't fit anywhere else. There is on-going mitochondrial DNA research which will sort out the familial relations within this group. ==Selected species== * [[Queen snake]] * [[Common Keelback]] * [[King snake|King Snake]] * [[Milk Snake]] * [[Corn Snake]] * [[Bull Snake]] * [[Fox Snake]] * [[Rat Snake]] * [[Garter Snake]] * [[Hognose Snake]] * [[Indigo_Snake|Indigo snake]] * [[Smooth Snake]] * [[Water Snake]] * [[Mussurana]] * [[House snake]] * [[Brown snake]] ==Classification== Subfamily [[Boodontinae]] *''[[Bothrolycus]]'' *''[[Bothrophthalmus]]'' *''[[Buhoma]]'' ([[incertae sedis]]) *''[[Chamaelycus]]'' *''[[Dendrolycus]]'' *''[[Dipsina]]'' *''[[Dromophis]]'' *''[[Duberria]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Gonionotophis]]'' *''[[Grayia (snake)|Grayia]]'' *''[[Hormonotus]]'' *''[[Lamprophis]]'' *''[[Lycodonomorphus]]'' *''[[Lycophidion]]'' *''[[Macroprotodon]]'' *''[[Mehelya]]'' *''[[Montaspis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Pseudaspis]]'' *''[[Pseudoboodon]]'' *''[[Pythonodipsas]]'' *''[[Scaphiophis]]'' Subfamily [[Calamariinae]] *''[[Calamaria]]'' *''[[Calamorhabdium]]'' *''[[Collorhabdium]]'' *''[[Etheridgeum]]'' *''[[Macrocalamus]]'' *''[[Pseudorabdion]]'' *''[[Rabdion]]'' Subfamily [[Colubrinae]] - nearly 100 genera<br/> Subfamily [[Dipsadinae]] *''[[Adelphicos]]'' *''[[Amastridium]]'' *''[[Atractus]]'' *''[[Calamodontophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Carphophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Chersodromus]]'' *''[[Coniophanes]]'' *''[[Contia]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Crisantophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Cryophis]]'' *''[[Diadophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Diaphorolepsis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Dipsas]]'' *''[[Echinanthera]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Emmochliophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Enuliophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Enulius]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Eridiphas]]'' *''[[Geophis]]'' *''[[Gomesophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Hydromorphus]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Hypsiglena]]'' *''[[Imantodes]]'' *''[[Leptodeira]]'' *''[[Ninia]]'' *''[[Nothopsis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Pliocercus]]'' *''[[Pseudoleptodeira]]'' *''[[Pseudotomodon]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Ptychophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Rhadinaea]]'' *''[[Rhadinophanes]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Sibon]]'' *''[[Sibynomorphus]]'' *''[[Synophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Tachymenis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Taeniophallus]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Tantalophis]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Thamnodynastes]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Tomodon]]'' (incertae sedis) *''[[Tretanorhinus]]'' *''[[Trimetopon]]'' *''[[Tropidodipsas]]'' *''[[Urotheca]]'' *''[[Xenopholis]]'' (incertae sedis) Subfamily [[Homalopsinae]] - about 10 genera<br /> Subfamily [[Natricinae]] - around 30 genera<br /> Subfamily [[Pareatinae]] - 3 genera<br /> Subfamily [[Psammophiinae]] *''[[Hemirhagerrhis]]'' *''[[Malpolon]]'' *''[[Mimophis]]'' *''[[Psammophis]]'' *''[[Psammophylax]]'' *''[[Rhamphiophis]]'' Subfamily [[Pseudoxenodontinae]] *''[[Plagiopholis]]'' *''[[Pseudoxenodon]]'' Subfamily [[Pseudoxyrhophiinae]] - about 20 genera<br /> Subfamily [[Xenodermatinae]] *''[[Achalinus]]'' *''[[Fimbrios]]'' *''[[Oxyrhabdium]]'' *''[[Stoliczkaia]]'' *''[[Xenodermus]]'' *''[[Xylophis]]'' Subfamily [[Xenodontinae]] - some 55-60 genera ''[[incertae sedis]]'' *''[[Blythia]]'' *''[[Cercaspis]]'' *''[[Cyclocorus]]'' *''[[Elapoidis]]'' *''[[Gongylosoma]]'' *''[[Haplocercus]]'' *''[[Helophis]]'' *''[[Myersophis]]'' *''[[Omoadiphas]]'' (recently discovered) *''[[Oreocalamus]]'' *''[[Poecilopholis]]'' *''[[Rhabdops]]'' *''[[Tetralepis]]'' *''[[Thermophis]]'' *''[[Trachischium]]'' {{commonscat|Colubridae}} <!-- {{wikispecies|Colubridae}} [check whether this is trustworthy; it is often outdated and/or nonauthoritative] --> {{Snake_families}} [[Category:Colubrids|*]] [[bg:Смокообразни]] [[ca:Colúbrid]] [[cs:Užovkovití]] [[de:Nattern]] [[eml:Bessa]] [[es:Colubridae]] [[eo:Kolubredoj]] [[fr:Colubridae]] [[hr:Guževi]] [[id:Colubridae]] [[it:Colubridae]] [[he:זעמניים]] [[ka:ანკარასებრნი]] [[lt:Žaltiniai]] [[hu:Siklófélék]] [[nl:Gladde slangen]] [[ja:ナミヘビ科]] [[no:Snoker]] [[pl:Połozowate]] [[pt:Colubridae]] [[ru:Ужеобразные]] [[simple:Colubrid]] [[sk:Užovkovité]] [[fi:Tarhakäärmeet]] [[sv:Snokar]] [[vi:Họ Rắn nước]] [[zh:游蛇科]]