Common ethanol fuel mixtures 2155310 221245314 2008-06-23T18:11:25Z Iridescent 937705 Cleanup/[[WP:AWB/T|typo fixing]], typos fixed: the the → the (2) using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] [[Ethanol]] (ethyl [[alcohol]]) and [[methanol]] (methyl alcohol) are two types of '''[[alcohol fuel]]s'''. The use of pure alcohols in [[internal combustion engines]] is only possible if the engine is designed or modified for that purpose. However, in their anhydrous or pure forms, they can be mixed with [[gasoline]] (petrol) in various ratios for use in unmodified automobile engines. Typically, only ethanol is used widely in this manner, particularly since methanol is [[toxic]]. ==E5, E7, E10== [[Image:e10.jpg|thumb|right|150px|E10 Logo required on [[Delaware]] fuel dispensers]] E10, sometimes called '''gasohol''', is a [[fuel]] mixture of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline that can be used in the [[internal combustion engine]]s of most modern [[automobile]]s. According to the Philippine Department of Energy, the use of not more than a 10% ethanol-gasoline mixture is not harmful to cars' fuel systems.<ref>[http://www.doe.gov.ph/AF/Bioethanol.htm Bioethanol<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> On October 27, 2006, though, the Federal Aviation Administration published their [http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/safety/alerts/saib/media/CE-07-06.pdf Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin] - Automobile gasoline containing alcohol (Ethanol or Methanol) is not allowed to be used in aircraft. It has been introduced nationwide in [[Thailand]], and has replaced high octane pure gasoline in that country in 2007. It is also commonly available in the [[Midwest]]ern [[United States]]. It is the only type of gasoline (besides aviation grade fuels) allowed to be sold in the states of [[Connecticut]] and [[Minnesota]], along with [[E85]].{{Dubious|date=March 2008}} About half of the gasoline used in the U.S. contains ethanol. [http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/ert/new-fuel/] As of spring of 2006, due to the phasing out of [[MTBE]] as a gasoline additive, E10 use has increased throughout the [[United States]]. [http://www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/re_ethanol_mtbe.htm] Similar blends include E5 and E7. These concentrations are generally safe for recent engines that run on pure gasoline. Some regions and municipalities mandate that the locally-sold fuels contain limited amounts of ethanol. One way to measure alternative fuels in the US is the "[[gasoline-equivalent gallon]]s" (GEG). In 2002, the U.S. used as fuel an amount of ethanol equal to 137 [[joule|petajoules]] (PJ), the energy of 1.13 billion US gallons (4.28 GL) of gasoline. This was less than 1% of the total fuel used that year.<ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/table10.html]{{Dead link|date=March 2008}}</ref> The [[Tesco]] chain of supermarkets in the UK have started selling an E5 brand of gasoline marketed as 99 RON super-unleaded. Price-wise it is cheaper than the other two forms of high-octane unleaded on the market, Shell's [[V-Power]] (99 RON) and BP's Ultimate (97 RON). Many petrol stations throughout [[Australia]] are now also selling E10, typically at a few cents cheaper per litre than regular unleaded. It is more commonly found throughout the state of Queensland due to its large sugar cane farming regions. The use of E10 is also subsidised by the Queensland government. Some [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] service stations are also selling a 100 RON E5 blend called V-Power Racing (as opposed to the normal ethanol-free 98 RON V-Power). This is typically a fair bit more expensive, approximately 17 cents dearer than regular unleaded. In Sweden, all 95-octane gasoline is in fact E5, while the status of the 98-octane fuel is unclear for the moment. The product data sheets of the major fuel chains do not clearly state anything related to ethanol contents of the 98-octane gasoline. In the early-mid nineties some fuel chains marketed E10. The EU mandates that until 2010 E10 has to be reintroduced for 95 RON fuel. ==E15== E15 contains 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline. This is generally the greatest ratio of ethanol to gas that is recommended by auto manufacturers that sell vehicles in the [[United States]], though it is possible that many vehicles can handle higher mixtures without trouble. [[Flexible-fuel vehicle|Flexible-fuel vehicles (FFV)]] are designed to take higher concentrations, up to 96% v/v ethanol (and no gasoline). ==E20== E20 contains 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline. Since begin 2008 they offer in [[Thailand]] E20 with tax reductions for "E20" engine cars, after E10 was already widely used in the local market. By the third quarter of 2008 Thailand will introduce E85 gasohol on the local market. This fuel is not yet widely used in [[Australia]] or the [[United States]]. It will be mandated by the U.S. state of [[Minnesota]] by 2013. ==E25== Since July 2007 this is the standard ethanol-gasoline mixture sold in [[Brazil]]. Brazilian flexible-fuel cars are set up to run with gasoline in such concentration range and few will work properly with lower concentrations of ethanol.<ref>{{cite news |http://www.cut.org.br/site/start.cut?infoid=10687&sid=22 |publisher=Agência Brasil - Manoela Alcântara |title={{pt icon}} Mistura de álcool anidro à gasolina vai subir de 23% para 25%, anuncia Stephanes}}</ref>. ==E85== {{see details|E85}} [[Image:E85 logo.png|thumb|right|Logo used in the United States for E85 fuel]] E85 is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, and is generally the highest ethanol fuel mixture found in the United States. It is common in [[Sweden]], and there are more than 1000 public E85 fuel pumps in the U.S. as of [[2006]], mostly concentrated in the [[Midwest]], with over half of those in [[Minnesota]]. This mixture has an [[octane rating]] of about 105. This is down significantly from pure ethanol but still much higher than normal gasoline 87 octane. The addition of a small amount of gasoline helps a conventional engine start when using this fuel under cold conditions. E85 does not always contain exactly 85% ethanol. In winter, especially in colder climates, additional gasoline is added (to facilitate cold start). By the third quarter of 2008 [[Thailand]] will introduce E85 gasohol on the local market. ==E95== [[Image:450px-E85bus.jpg|thumb|right|E96 Bus in Sweden (courtesy http://www.greenfleet.info) [http://www.cleanairnet.org/infopool/1411/articles-35650_ethanol_powered.pdf download brochure]]] E95 designates a blend of 95% ethanol and 5% ignition improver and is used in some [[diesel engine]]s where high compression is used to ignite the fuel, as opposed to the operation of [[gasoline engine]]s where [[spark plug]]s are used. Because of the high ignition temperatures of pure ethanol, the addition of ignition improver is necessary for successful [[diesel engine]] operation. This fuel has been used with success in many Swedish busses since the 1980s. ==E100== E100 is ethanol with up to 4% water, which is most widely used in [[Brazil]] and [[Argentina]]. Operation in ambient temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F) causes problems with pure, or so-called neat, ethanol for starting engines. The most common cold weather solution is to add an additional small gasoline reservoir to increase the gasoline content momentarily to permit starting the engine. Once started, the engine is then switched back to neat ethanol. Ethanol used as a fuel in Brazil is the [[azeotrope]] (the highest concentration of ethanol that can be achieved via [[distillation]]) and contains 4% of water. However, since the '''E''' nomenclature is not adopted in the country, one can tag hydrated ethanol as E100 so as to say that it doesn't have gasoline. Gasoline itself is sold as E25, in accordance with current legislation, but since the value is not typically disclosed by [[gas station]]s, adulterations to lower gas costs could raise the ethanol concentration up to 40% in extreme cases<ref name="combustivel_batizado">{{cite news|url=http://setecidades.dgabc.com.br/materia.asp?materia=536961 |publisher=Diário do Grande ABC |title={{pt icon}} Blitz flagra combustível ‘batizado’ |date=June 29, 2006}}</ref> <ref name="cinco_em_dez">{{cite news |url=http://www.estadao.com.br/ultimas/economia/noticias/2006/jun/02/167.htm |publisher=estadao.com.br |title={{pt icon}} Cinco em cada dez postos de SP podem adulterar gasolina |date=June 2, 2006 }}</ref>. ==See also== {{portal|energy}} * [[Ethanol fuel]] * [[Ethanol fuel in Brazil]] * [[Ethanol fuel in the United States]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Fuels]] [[Category:Ethanol fuel]] [[Category:Petroleum products]] [[de:Ethanol-Kraftstoff]] [[es:Gasohol]] [[it:Miscela di etanolo]] [[ja:ガソール]] [[th:แก๊สโซฮอล์]]