Communist Party of Nepal 377252 223498154 2008-07-04T09:35:13Z 60.238.233.114 {{Nepcom}} The '''Communist Party of Nepal''' ({{lang-ne|नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी}}) was founded in [[Calcutta]], [[India]], on [[April 29]], [[1949]]. CPN was formed to struggle against the autocratic [[Rana dynasty|Rana regime]], [[feudalism]] and [[imperialism]]. The founding general secretary was [[Pushpa Lal Shrestha]]. CPN played an important role in [[1951]] uprising that overthrew the Rana regime. After the [[Raksha Dal]] revolt in 1952, the CPN was banned on [[January 24]], [[1952]].<ref name="ban">[http://www.asianstudies.emory.edu/sinhas/abstr0202.html SINHAS Abstracts: Volume 2, No. 2<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In [[1954]] the first party congress was held clandestinely in Patan. [[Manmohan Adhikari]] was elected general secretary. In April 1956 the ban on the party was lifted.<ref name="ban"/> In [[1957]] the second party congress was held in [[Kathmandu]]. For the first time the party could hold its congress openly. [[Keshar Jung Rayamajhi]] was elected general secretary. The congress approved a republican party programme. Rayamajhi supported the 1960 royal coup. This position prompted [[Ajoy Ghosh]], leader of the [[Communist Party of India]] to advice Rayamjhi to rectify his positions and retain the struggle against the monarchy.<ref>Parajulee, Ramjee P.. ''The Democratic Transition in Nepal''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. p. 72</ref> In early [[1961]] all political parties were banned. A wave of repression against CPN was initiated by the government. Rayamajhi, had however, expressed certain faith in the politics of the monarch, something that provoked stern reaction from other sectors of the party. To resolve the conflict a Central Plenum was convened in [[Darbhanga]], [[India]]. The plenum lasted one month. Three lines emerged, a pro-constitutional monarchy line led by Rayamajhi, a line that wanted to restore the dissolved parliament and launch broad mass movements led by Pushpa Lal and a third line which favoured a constitutional assembly led by Mohan Bikram Singh. The latter line emerged victorious, but its sole representative in the Central Committee was Singh. In April 1962 one section of the party convened a 3rd party congress in [[Varanasi]], [[India]]. The congress approved the programme of National Democratic Revolution proposed by [[Tulsi Lal Amatya]], and elected Tulsi Lal as general secretary. The congress decided to expel Rayamjhi. But the sector led by Rayamajhi, who controlled the Central Committee, did not recognize this congress as legitimate. Effectively the party had now been divided into two, one [[Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)|Communist Party led by Tulsi Lal Amatya]] and one [[Communist Party of Nepal (Rayamjhi)|Communist Party led by Keshar Jung Rayamjhi]]. These in turn faced further splits, mergers and renaming. ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]] *[[History of Nepal]] [[Category:Communist parties in Nepal| ]] [[ca:Partit Comunista del Nepal]] [[es:Partido Comunista de Nepal]] [[it:Partito Comunista Nepalese]] [[ja:ネパール共産党]] [[nl:Communistische Partij van Nepal]] [[no:Nepal Kamyunishta Parti]] [[nn:Nepals kommunistiske parti]] [[zh:尼泊尔共产党]]