Compounds of carbon
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There is an immense number of distinct compounds that contain carbon atoms. Some sources suggest that this number is close to almost ten million known.<ref name=lanl>{{cite web|author=Chemistry Operations|date=[[December 15]], [[2003]]|url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html|title=Carbon|publisher=Los Alamos National Laboratory|accessdate=2007-11-21}}</ref> However, it is possible that the number is greater.
==Organic compounds==
{{main|Organic compound}}
Every organic compound contains at least one atom of carbon. The number of these compounds is immense and the described number of defined compounds is close to 10 million. However, an indefinitely larger number of such compounds are theoretically possible.
There are several organic compounds sometimes considered as inorganic:
[[Ammonium carbamate|NH<sub>2</sub>COONH<sub>4</sub>]],
[[Phosgene|COCl<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Thiophosgene|CSCl<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Thiourea|CS(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Urea|CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]]
==Inorganic compounds==
{{seealso|Inorganic compounds by element#Carbon}}
There is a rich variety of [[carbon]] [[chemistry]] that does not fall within the realm of [[organic chemistry]] and is thus called inorganic carbon chemistry.
===Compounds with other nonmetals===
Perhaps the best known are the [[oxide]]s of carbon, [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>) and [[carbon monoxide]] (CO). Other known oxides are the uncommon [[carbon suboxide]], C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, the uncommon [[dicarbon monoxide]], C<sub>2</sub>O and even the exotic [[carbon trioxide]] (CO<sub>3</sub>).
Other (binary) compounds of carbon with nonmetals include:
[[Carbon disulfide|CS<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Beta carbon nitride|β-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>]],
[[Carbon tetrabromide|CBr<sub>4</sub>]],
[[Carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]],
[[Carbon tetrafluoride|CF<sub>4</sub>]],
[[Carbonyl fluoride|COF<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Carbonyl sulfide|COS]],
[[Carborane|H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>]],
===Compounds with metals===
=====Carbonates and bicarbonates=====
{{main|Carbonic acid|Carbonate|Bicarbonate}}
The only known acid that is derived from the oxides of carbon is the [[carbonic acid]] (H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>). Upon mono[[deprotonation]] of this acid, [[bicarbonates]] are formed, which can be further derpotonated to [[carbonates]].
Here is a list of carbonates and bicarbonates:
[[Ammonium bicarbonate|NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Ammonium carbonate|(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Barium carbonate|BaCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Cadmium carbonate|CdCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Caesium carbonate|Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Calcium bicarbonate|Ca(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Calcium carbonate|CaCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Cerium(III) carbonate|Ce<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Cobalt(II) carbonate|CoCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Copper(II) carbonate|CuCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Iron(II) carbonate|FeCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Lead(II) carbonate|PbCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Lanthanum carbonate|La<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Lithium carbonate|Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Magnesium carbonate|MgCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Manganese(II) carbonate|MnCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Nickel(II) carbonate|NiCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Potassium bicarbonate|KHCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Potassium carbonate|K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Silver carbonate|Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Sodium bicarbonate|NaHCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Sodium carbonate|Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Strontium carbonate|SrCO<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Zinc carbonate|ZnCO<sub>3</sub>]]
=====Carbonyls=====
{{main|Carbonyl}}
Carbonyls are coordination complexes between transition metals and [[carbonyl]] ligands. [[Metal carbonyl]]s are complexes that are formed with the neutral ligand CO. These complexes are covalent. Here is a list of some carbonyls:
[[Chromium carbonyl|Cr(CO)<sub>6</sub>]],
[[Cobalt carbonyl|Co<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>8</sub>]],
[[Iron pentacarbonyl|Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>]],
[[Manganese carbonyl|Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub>]],
[[Molybdenum carbonyl|Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub>]],
[[Nickel carbonyl|Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>]],
[[Tungsten carbonyl|W(CO)<sub>6</sub>]],
=====Compounds contanining the CN group=====
{{main|Cyanide|Cyanates|Thiocyanate|Isocyanate}}
Other types of inorganic compounds include inorganic [[salt]]s and [[complex (chemistry)|complexes]] of the carbon-containing [[polyatomic ion]]s [[cyanide]], [[isocyanide]], [[cyanate]], [[thiocyanate]].
[[Ammonium thiocyanate|NH<sub>4</sub>SCN]],
[[Calcium cyanamide|CaNCN]],
[[Cobalt(II) thiocyanate|Co(SCN)<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Copper(I) cyanide|CuCN]],
[[Cyamelide|(HCNO)<sub>x</sub>]]
[[Cyanamide|NH<sub>2</sub>CN]]
[[Cyanic acid|HCNO]],
[[Cyanogen|(CN)<sub>2</sub>]],
[[Cyanogen bromide|BrCN]],
[[Cyanogen chloride|ClCN]],
[[Hydrogen cyanide|HCN]],
[[Potassium cyanate|KOCN]],
[[Potassium cyanide|KCN]],
[[Potassium ferricyanide|K<sub>3</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]],
[[Potassium ferrocyanide|K<sub>4</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]],
[[Potassium thiocyanate|KSCN]],
[[Prussian blue|Fe<sub>4</sub>(Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]],
[[Silver cyanide|AgCN]],
[[Sodium cyanate|NaOCN]],
[[Sodium cyanide|NaCN]],
[[Sodium nitroprusside|Na<sub>3</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>NO]],
[[Sodium thiocyanate|NaSCN]],
[[Thiocyanogen|(SCN)<sub>2</sub>]],
=====Carbides=====
{{main|Carbide}}
Carbides are binary compounds of carbon with an element that is less electronegative than it.
[[Boron carbide|B<sub>4</sub>C]],
[[Calcium carbide|CaC<sub>2</sub>]]
[[Silicon carbide|SiC]],
[[Tantalum carbide|TaC]],
[[Titanium carbide|TiC]],
[[Tungsten carbide|WC]],
=====Other=====
The known inorganic chemistry of the [[allotropy|allotrope]]s of carbon ([[diamond]], [[graphite]], and the [[fullerene]]s) blossomed with the discovery of buckminsterfullerene in 1985, as additional fullerenes and their various derivatives were discovered. One such class of derivatives is inclusion compounds, in which an ion is enclosed by the all-carbon shell of the fullerene. This inclusion is denoted by the "@" symbol. For example, an ion consisting of a lithium ion trapped within buckminsterfullerene would be denoted Li<sup>+</sup>@C<sub>60</sub>. As
with any other ionic compound, this complex ion could in principle pair with a [[counterion]] to form a salt.
==Alloys==
There are [[List of alloys|several alloys]] that contain carbon of which the best known [[alloy]] is [[carbon steel]] (see [[:category:steels]])). Besides [[steel]], other alloys based on [[iron]] and [[carbon]] are: [[anthracite iron]], [[cast iron]], [[pig iron]], [[wrought iron]], but also [[spiegeleisen]] (which contains also [[manganese]]). [[Stellite]] is an alloy of carbon with [[cobalt]], [[chromium]] and [[tungsten]]. To some degree, these alloys could be considered [[carbide]]s.
==Formation of carbon compounds==
In organic chemistry there are 3 important elements: Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen. Each of these elements have different kinds of bonds. Carbon atom has tetravalent bonds, Oxygen atoms divalent bonds and Hydrogen monovalent bonds.
==References==
<references />
Organic Chemistry by Abraham William Simpson
==See also==
* [[Allotropes of carbon]]
* [[Carbon]]
* [[Graphite intercalation compound]]
* [[Fullerene chemistry]]
{{ChemicalBondsToCarbon}}
{{Oxides of carbon}}
[[Category:Inorganic chemistry]]
[[Category:Carbon]]
[[he:תרכובות פחמן]]