Computational biology
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2008-02-16T12:05:19Z
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{{ distinguish|Biologically-inspired computing }}
'''Computational biology''' is an interdisciplinary field that applies the techniques of [[computer science]], [[applied mathematics]], and [[statistics]] to address problems inspired by [[biology]]. Major fields in biology that use computational techniques include:
* [[Bioinformatics]], which applies [[algorithm]]s and [[statistics|statistical techniques]] to biological datasets that typically consist of large numbers of [[DNA]], [[RNA]], or [[protein]] sequences. Examples of specific techniques include [[sequence alignment]], which is used for both sequence database searching and for comparison of [[homology (biology)|homologous]] sequences; [[gene finding]]; and prediction of [[gene expression]]. (The term ''computational biology'' is sometimes used as a synonym for bioinformatics.)
* [[Computational biomodeling]], a field within [[biocybernetics]] concerned with building computational models of biological systems.
* [[Computational genomics]], a field within [[genomics]] which studies the [[genome]]s of cells and organisms by high-throughput [[genome sequencing]] that requires extensive post-processing known as [[genome assembly]], and which uses [[DNA microarray]] technologies to perform statistical analyses on the genes expressed in individual cell types.
* [[Molecular modeling]], a field dealing with theoretical methods and computational techniques to [[model (abstract)|model]] or mimic the behaviour of [[molecule]]s, ranging from descriptions of a molecule of few atoms, to small chemical systems, to large biological molecules and material assemblies.
* [[Systems biology]], which aims to model large-scale biological interaction networks (also known as the [[interactome]]), often using [[differential equation]]s.
* [[Protein structure prediction]] and [[structural genomics]], which attempt to systematically produce accurate structural models for three-dimensional [[protein structure]]s that have not been solved experimentally.
* Computational [[biochemistry]] and [[biophysics]], which make extensive use of structural modeling and simulation methods such as [[molecular dynamics]] and [[Monte Carlo method]]-inspired [[Boltzmann distribution|Boltzmann sampling]] methods in an attempt to elucidate the [[kinetics]] and [[thermodynamics]] of protein functions.
==External links==
{{wiktionarypar|computational|biology}}
*[http://cnls.lanl.gov/q-bio/ The First q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing] - A conference in Santa Fe NM (Aug 8-11, 2007) focused on modeling of genetic regulatory and signal transduction systems and quantitatitve experimentation
*http://www.embnet.org/ The First Bioinformatics network, celebrates 20 years 2008.
*[http://www.physiome.ox.ac.uk/ The Wellcome Trust Heart Physiome Project] - Links
*[http://compbiol.plosjournals.org/ PLoS Computational Biology] - A Peer-Reviewed Open-Access Journal
*[http://computationalbiologynews.blogspot.com/ Computational Biology News]
*[http://bioinf.cs.auckland.ac.nz/ Computational Biology and Evolution] — a heady mix of computational science, evolutionary biology and other things that matter
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
[[Category:Computational science]]
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[[ar:علم الأحياء الحاسوبي]]
[[es:Biología computacional]]
[[ko:전산생물학]]
[[ja:計算生物学]]
[[pt:Biologia Computacional]]
[[ru:Вычислительная биология]]
[[vi:Sinh học tính toán]]