Condensation
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[[Image:condensation on water bottle.jpg|right|thumb|Water vapor condenses into liquid water after making contact with the surface of a cold bottle.]]
The term of condensation is also used in chemistry see'' [[Condensation (organic chemistry)]] ''and'' [[Condensation reaction]] ''and the term condensate is also used in'' [[particle physics]] ''where it describes a particular state of matter''.
'''Condensation''' is the change of the physical state of aggregation (or simply state) of matter from gaseous phase into liquid phase.<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=condensation ''in atmospheric chemistry''|file=C01235}}</ref> When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, bypassing the liquid phase the change is called [[Deposition (chemistry)|deposition]], which is the opposite of [[sublimation]].
Condensation commonly occurs when a vapor is cooled to its [[dew point]], but the dewpoint can also be reached through compression. The condensed vapour is called a '''[[condensate]]''', the laboratory or the industrial equipment used for condensation is called a '''[[Condenser (heat transfer)|condenser]]'''.
The science of studying the thermodynamic properties of moist air and the interrelationships between these in order to analyze, and predict properties by changing in the conditions of moist air is called [[psychrometry]]. The interrelationship can be graphically represented, and prediction carried out graphically by the [[psychrometric chart]] Most people think the water ''is'' condensation, but condensation is only the process of change.
==Condensation of water in nature==
[[Image:Spider web Luc Viatour.jpg|left|thumb|[[Dew]] on a spider web]]
Water vapor that naturally condenses on cold surfaces into liquid water is called [[dew]]. Water vapor will only condense onto another surface when the temperature of that surface is cooler than the [[temperature]] of the water vapor. The water molecule brings a [[Latent heat|parcel of heat]] with it. The temperature of the [[atmosphere]] also rises very slightly. In order to have condensed, the molecule tends to be relatively low in [[kinetic energy]]. Since the atmosphere has lost a slow-moving particle, the average speed of the molecules in the atmosphere has increased. Therefore, its temperature has also risen.
Also, a net condensation of water vapor occurs on surfaces when the ice from water vapor, is a type of condensation. Frost and [[snow]] are examples of deposition.
==Condensation in buildings==
Condensation is the most common form of dampness encountered in buildings. In buildings the internal air can have a high level of relative humidity due to the activity of the occupants (e.g. cooking, drying clothes, breathing etc.). When this air comes into contact with cold surfaces such as windows and cold walls it can condense, causing dampness.<ref>http://www.buildingpreservation.com/Condensation.htm Building Preservation (Condensatireiron - the basics)</ref>
== Applications of condensation ==
Condensation is a crucial component of [[distillation]], an important application in laboratory and industrial chemistry application.
Because condensation is a naturally occurring phenomenon, it can often be used to generate water in large quantities for human use. In fact, there are many structures that are made solely for the purpose of collecting water from condensation, such as [[fog fence]]s, [[air well]]s and [[dew pond]]s. Such system can often be used to retain soil moisture in areas where active [[desertification]] is occurring. In fact, certain organizations use education about water condensers in efforts to effectively aid such areas.<ref>[http://www.fogquest.org/ FogQuest - Fog Collection / Water Harvesting Projects - Welcome<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==References==
* {{cite web | url = http://www.ces.purdue.edu/pork/images/jones/condense.jpg | title = Condensation principles (Picture) }}
<references/>
==See also==
* [[Kelvin equation]]
* [[Phase diagram]]
* [[Phase transition]]
* [[Condenser (heat transfer)]]
* [[Surface condenser]]
* [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
==External links==
*[http://www.specifypga.com/index/articles/articles_section_list/1/Condensation%20Myths%20and%20Facts/ Condensation Myths and Facts]
*[http://www.diydata.com/problem/condensation/condensation.php Guide to condensation in buildings and how to overcome]
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
<tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align = "center"><td>'''From'''</td><td colspan=4> '''To''' </td></tr>
|-
!align = "center"|
!align = "center"|[[Solid]]
!align ="center"|[[Liquid]]
!align ="center"|[[Gas]]
!align ="center"|[[Plasma (physics)|Plasma]]
|-
!align ="left"|Solid
|align ="center"|Solid-Solid Transformation
|align ="center"|[[Melting]]
|align ="center"|[[Sublimation (chemistry)|Sublimation]]
|align ="center"|-
|-
!align ="left"|Liquid
|align ="center"|[[Freezing]]
|align ="center"|N/A
|align ="center"|[[Boiling]]/[[Evaporation]]
|align ="center"|-
|-
!align ="left"|Gas
|align ="center"|[[Deposition (physics)|Deposition]]
|align ="center"|[[Condensation]]
|align ="center"|N/A
|align ="center"|[[Ionization]]
|-
!align ="left"|Plasma
|align ="center"|-
|align ="center"|-
|align ="center"|Recombination/Deionization
|align ="center"|N/A
|}
[[Category:atmospheric thermodynamics]]
[[Category:Basic meteorological concepts and phenomena]]
[[Category:Building defects]]
[[Category:Phase changes]]
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[[cs:Kapalnění]]
[[da:Kondensering]]
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[[es:Condensación]]
[[fr:Condensation]]
[[it:Condensazione]]
[[he:התעבות]]
[[lv:Kondensācija]]
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[[nl:Condensatie]]
[[ja:結露]]
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[[pl:Skraplanie]]
[[pt:Condensação]]
[[ro:Condensare]]
[[ru:Конденсация (теплотехника)]]
[[simple:Condensation]]
[[sl:Kondenzacija]]
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