Congenital rubella syndrome
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Mauvila
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{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Image = Cataracts due to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) PHIL 4284 lores.jpg|
Caption = Cataracts due to congenital rubella syndrome|
DiseasesDB = 11729 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|P|35|0|p|35}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|771.0}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = 001658 |
eMedicineSubj = emerg |
eMedicineTopic = 388 |
MeshID = D012410 |
}}
'''Congenital rubella syndrome''' (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted [[rubella]] during her first trimester. If infection occurs 0-28 days before conception, there is a 43% chance the infant will be affected. If the infection occurs 0-12 weeks after conception, there is a 51% chance the infant will be affected. If the infection occurs 13-26 weeks after conception there is a 23% chance the infant will be affected. Infants are not generally affected if rubella is contracted during the third trimester, or 26-40 weeks after conception. Problems rarely occur when rubella is contracted by the mother after 20 weeks of [[gestation]].
It was discovered in 1941 by Australian Norman McAllister Gregg (1892-1966).
== Presentation ==
The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome is:
* Sensorineural deafness - (58% of patients)
* Eye abnormalities - especially [[cataract]] and [[microphthalmia]] (43% of patients)
* Congenital heart disease - especially [[patent ductus arteriosus]] (50% of patients)
Other manifestations of CRS may include:
*[[spleen]], [[liver]] or [[bone marrow]] problems (some of which may disappear shortly after birth)
*[[mental retardation]]
*small head size ([[microcephaly]])
*eye defects
*low birth weight
*[[thrombocytopenic purpura]] (presents as a characteristic "blueberry muffin" rash)
*[[hepatomegaly]]
*[[micrognathia]]
[[Image:Rubella serology.png|right|thumb|300px|Congenital rubella serology time-line]]
Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of the following:
*[[developmental delay]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]<ref>[http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/32/2/200 Prenatal Infection as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia - Brown 32 (2): 200 - Schizophrenia Bulletin<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[growth retardation]]
*[[learning disability|learning disabilities]]
*[[diabetes]]
*[[glaucoma]]
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
* [http://www.sense.org.uk/publicationslibrary/allpubs/rubella/R03.htm Delayed effects of Congenital Rubella Syndrome]
* [http://www.deafblind.com/crs.html DeafBlind.com]
* [http://www.hknc.org/Rubella.htm Helen Keller National Center]
{{Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period}}
[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[de:Rötelnembryofetopathie]]
[[he:תסמונת אדמת מולדת]]
[[pl:Zespół Gregga]]
[[fi:Synnynnäinen vihurirokko-oireyhtymä]]