Connecticut
6466
225906003
2008-07-15T23:19:19Z
99.149.84.24
/* Famous residents */
{{US state |
Name = Connecticut |
Fullname = State of Connecticut |
Flag = Flag of Connecticut.svg |
Seal = Connecticut state seal.png |
Flower = Mountain Laurel<ref name=SOTS/>|
Tree = White Oak<ref name=SOTS/>|
Flaglink = [[Flag of Connecticut]] |
Seallink=[[Seal of Connecticut]]|
Map = Map_of_USA_CT.svg |
Nickname = The Constitution State, The Nutmeg State<ref name=SOTS/> |
Motto = [[Qui transtulit sustinet]]<ref name=SOTS/><br /> Latin meaning "He who transplanted still sustains" |
Capital = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] |
LargestMetro = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford Metro Area]]<ref name=metrocompare>[http://www.census.gov/compendia/smadb/SMADBmetro.html State Data from the State and Metropolitan Area Data Book: 2006]. United States Census Bureau. Last accessed [[2007-10-16]].</ref> |
LargestCity = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]<ref name=popcompare>[http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006-04-09.xls Population Estimates for All Places: 2000 to 2006: Connecticut SUB-EST2006-04-09.xls]. United States Census Bureau. Last accessed [[2007-10-16]].</ref> |
Demonym = Connecticuter or Connecticutian<ref>[http://hartford.about.com/od/connecticutpeople/f/namectresidents.htm Q. What Do You Call Someone From Connecticut?] About.com: Hartford. Accessed 2008-4-24</ref> |
Governor = [[M. Jodi Rell]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])|
Lieutenant Governor = [[Michael Fedele]] (R)|
Senators = [[Christopher Dodd]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<br />[[Joe Lieberman]] ([[Independent Democrat|ID]]) |
PostalAbbreviation = CT. |
OfficialLang = none (''de facto'' [[English language|English]]) |
AreaRank = 48<sup>th</sup> |
TotalArea = 14,356|
TotalAreaUS = 5,543<ref name=pop/>|
LandArea = 12,559 |
LandAreaUS = 4,849 |
WaterArea = 1,809 |
WaterAreaUS = 698 |
PCWater = 12.6 |
PopRank = 29<sup>th</sup> |
2000Pop = 3,405,565<ref name=pop>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1R_US9S_geo_id=01000US.html GCT-PH1-R. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density (geographies ranked by total population): 2000]. United States Census Bureau. Last accessed [[2007-02-20]].</ref>|
DensityRank = 4<sup>th</sup> |
2000Density = 271.40 |
2000DensityUS = 702.9 |
MedianHouseholdIncome = $55,970 |
IncomeRank = 4<sup>th</sup> |
AdmittanceOrder = 5<sup>th</sup> |
AdmittanceDate = [[January 9]], [[1788]] |
TimeZone = [[Eastern Standard Time (North America)|Eastern]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
Longitude = 71°47′ W to 73°44′ W |
Latitude = 40°58′ N to 42°03′ N |
Width = 113 |
WidthUS = 70 |
Length = 177 |
LengthUS = 110 |
HighestPoint = [[Mount Frissell|South slope of Mount Frissell]]<ref name=usgs>
{{cite web| date =[[29 April]] [[2005]] |
url =http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest|
title =Elevations and Distances in the United States|
publisher =U.S Geological Survey|
accessdate =2006-11-03}}</ref><br />Note: The peak of Mount Frissell<br />is in Massachusetts |
HighestElev = 726 |
HighestElevUS = 2,380 |
MeanElev = 152 |
MeanElevUS = 500 |
LowestPoint = [[Long Island Sound]]<ref name=usgs/> |
LowestElev = 0 |
LowestElevUS = 0 |
ISOCode = US-CT |
TradAbbreviation = Conn.|
Website = www.ct.gov
}}
'''Connecticut''' ({{IPAEng|kəˈnɛtɪkət}})<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/connecticut|title= Connecticut - Definitions from Dictionary.com |accessdate=2007-09-17 }}</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] located in the [[New England]] region of the [[Northeastern United States|northeastern]] [[United States of America]]. Portions of southwestern Connecticut are also considered part of the [[New York metropolitan area]]. Connecticut is the [[List of U.S. states by population|29th]] most populous state with 3.4 million residents and ranked [[List of U.S. states by area|48th]] in size by area, making it the [[List of U.S. states by population density|4th]] most densely populated state.<ref name=pop/> Called the "Constitution State", Connecticut has a long history dating from the early colonial times, and was influential in the development of early American government.
While Connecticut's first European settlers were [[Dutch people|Dutch]], the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the [[English people|English]]. [[Thomas Hooker]] led a band of followers overland from the [[Massachusetts Bay colony]] and founded what would become the [[Connecticut Colony]]; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the [[Saybrook Colony]] and the [[New Haven Colony]]. Both the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of [[Fundamental Orders of Connecticut|Fundamental Orders]], considered the first [[constitution]]s in North America. In 1662, the disparate colonies merged under a [[royal charter]], making Connecticut a [[crown colony]]. This colony was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that revolted against [[United Kingdom|British]] rule in the [[American Revolution]].
Connecticut enjoys a [[temperate]] climate thanks to its long coastline on the [[Long Island Sound]]. This has given the state a strong [[wiktionary:Maritime|maritime]] tradition. Modern Connecticut is also known for its wealth. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Connecticut had ready access to raw materials which helped to develop a strong [[History of Connecticut industry|manufacturing industry]]. In the 19th and 20th centuries, financial organizations flourished: first [[insurance]] companies in Hartford, then [[hedge funds]] along the [[Gold Coast, Connecticut|Gold Coast]]. This prosperity has helped give Connecticut the highest [[per capita]] income and [[Household income in the United States|median household income]] in the country.<ref>{{cite web| date=[[29 November]] [[2005]]| title=Highest wages in East, lowest in South| publisher=USA Today| url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2005-11-29-wage_x.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| date=[[18 March]][[2000]]| title=Census 2000| publisher= United States Census Bureau| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P14&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-format=US-9}}</ref>
== Geography ==
[[Image:Nhskyline eastshore.jpg|thumb|[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]]]
[[Image:View of City of New London.jpg|thumb|[[New London, Connecticut|New London]]]]
[[Image:Hartford Connecticut Skyline.JPG|thumb|[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]]]
[[Image:StamfordSkyline11.jpg|thumb|[[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]]]]
{{further|[[Geology of Connecticut]]}}
Connecticut is bordered on the south by [[Long Island Sound]], on the west by [[New York State]], on the north by [[Massachusetts]], and on the east by [[Rhode Island]]. The state capital is [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], and the other major cities include [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], [[New London, Connecticut|New London]], [[New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain]], [[Norwich, Connecticut|Norwich]], [[Milford, Connecticut|Milford]], [[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]], [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]], [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]] and [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]. There are 169 [[New England town|incorporated towns]] in Connecticut.
[[Image:Approaching Summit Again.JPG|left|thumb|155px|Bear Mountain, highest peak in Connecticut]]
The highest peak in Connecticut is [[Bear Mountain (Connecticut)|Bear Mountain]] in [[Salisbury, Connecticut|Salisbury]] in the northwest corner of the state. The highest point is just east of where Connecticut, [[Massachusetts]], and [[New York]] meet (42° 3' N; 73° 29' W), on the southern slope of [[Mount Frissell]], whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=7083| title=Mount Frissell-South Slope| publisher=peakbagger.com}}</ref>
The [[Connecticut River]] cuts through the center of the state, flowing into Long Island Sound, Connecticut's outlet to the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
{{further|[[List of Connecticut rivers]]}}
[[Image:Highest Point here.JPG|left|thumb|155px|Highest point in Connecticut on slope of Mount Frissell, as seen from Bear Mountain]]
Despite its size, the state has regional variations in its landscape and culture from the wealthy estates of Fairfield County's "[[Gold Coast, Connecticut|Gold Coast]]" to the rolling mountains and horse-farms of the [[Litchfield Hills]] of northwestern Connecticut. Connecticut's rural areas and small towns in the northeast and northwest corners of the state contrast sharply with its industrial cities, located along the coastal highways from the New York border to New Haven, then northwards to Hartford, as well as further up the coast near New London. Many towns center around a "[[village green|green]]", (such as the [[New Haven Green]]), Litchfield Green, Simsbury Green, Lebanon Green (the largest in the state), and Wethersfield Green (the oldest in the state). Near the green typically stand historical visual symbols of [[New England]] towns, such as a small white [[church]], a [[colonial meeting house]], a colonial [[tavern]] or "[[inne]]", several [[colonial house]]s, etc., establishing a scenic [[historicity]] maintained for both [[historic preservation]] and the [[tourism]] trade.
Due to the [[climate]], degree of urbanization, and economic status of the state, it offers easily accessed [[forest]]s, [[river]]s, [[lake]]s, [[waterfall]]s and a [[coastline]], all developed for recreation.
{{further|[[List of Connecticut state forests]]}}
The northern boundary of the state with Massachusetts is marked by the distinctive Southwick Jog or Granby Notch, an approximately 2.5 mile (4.0 km) square detour into Connecticut slightly west of the center of the border. The actual origin of this anomaly is uncertain, with stories ranging from the original surveyors having been drunk, having attempted to avoid hostile Native Americans, or having taken a shortcut up the Connecticut River; Massachusetts residents having attempted to avoid Massachusetts' higher taxes for the lower taxes of Connecticut; Massachusetts' interest in the resources represented by the [[Congamond Lakes]] which lie on the border of the jog; and the need to compensate Massachusetts for an amount of land given to Connecticut due to inaccurate survey work.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.southwickma.org/Public_Documents/F000102F9/S00476B50-00476B5B.0/The%20Southwick%20Jog.pdf | title=The Southwick Jog}} </ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cslib.org/jog.htm|title=Connecticut's Southwick Jog| publisher=Connecticut State Library}}</ref>
[[Image:WindsorCTtownhallfountain.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Windsor's Town Hall and Fountain on the Town Green]]
The southwestern border of Connecticut, where it abuts New York State, is marked by a [[panhandle]] in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]], containing the towns of [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]], [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], [[New Canaan, Connecticut|New Canaan]] and [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]]. This irregularity in the boundary is the result of [[History of Connecticut#Territorial disputes|territorial disputes]] in the late 1600s, culminating with New York giving up its claim to the area, whose residents considered themselves part of Connecticut, in exchange for an equivalent area extending northwards from [[Ridgefield, Connecticut]] to the Massachusetts border as well as undisputed claim to [[Rye, New York]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cslib.org/panhandle.htm| title=Connecticut's "Panhandle"| publisher=Connecticut State Library}}</ref>
{{further|[[Connecticut Panhandle]]}}
Areas maintained by the [[National Park Service]] include: [[Appalachian National Scenic Trail]]; [[Quinebaug & Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor]]; and [[Weir Farm National Historic Site]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Connecticut | publisher = National Park Service | accessdate = 2008-07-15 | url = http://www.nps.gov/state/ct}}</ref>
===Climate===
Parts of Connecticut, including northwestern Connecticut, have a [[Humid continental climate]] while other parts, especially southeastern Connecticut, have a [[Humid subtropical climate]], with seasonal extremes tempered by its proximity to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Winters are cold, with average temperatures ranging from 31°F (−1°C) in the southeast to 23°F (−5°C) in the northwest in January. The average yearly snowfall is about 25–100" (64–254 cm) across the state, with higher totals in the northwest. Spring has variable temperatures with frequent rainfall. Summer is hot and humid throughout the state, with average highs in New London of 81°F (27°C) and 87°F (31°C) in Windsor Locks. Fall months are mild, and bring foliage across the state in October and November. During hurricane season, tropical cyclones occasionally affect the region. Thunderstorms are most frequent during the summer, occurring on average 30 times annually. These storms can be severe, though tornadoes are rare.<ref name= "tornadoes"> {{cite web| url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif| title=Annual average number of tornadoes| publisher=NOAA National Climatic Data Center| accessdate=2006-10-24}} </ref>
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;"|Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Connecticut Cities
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | City
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec
|-
! style="background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Bridgeport
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 37/23
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 39/25
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 47/32
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 57/41
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 67/51
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 76/60
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 82/66
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 81/65
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 74/58
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 63/46
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53/38
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 42/28
|-
! style="background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Hartford
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 34/17
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 38/20
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 48/28
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 60/38
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 72/48
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 80/57
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 85/62
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 82/61
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 74/52
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 63/41
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 51/33
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 39/23
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"|''<ref>http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-connecticut/</ref>''
|}
== History ==
{{refimprovesect|date=September 2007}}
{{main|History of Connecticut}}
[[Image:Ctcolony.png|thumb|right|400px|A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.]]
The Connecticut region was inhabited by the [[Mohegan]] tribe prior to European colonization. The first European explorer in Connecticut was the Dutch explorer [[Adriaen Block]]. After he explored this region in 1614, Dutch fur traders sailed up the Connecticut River (then known by the Dutch as Versche Rivier - " Fresh River") and built a fort at Dutch Point near present-day Hartford, which they called "House of Hope" ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: Huis van Hoop).
[[John Winthrop the Younger|John Winthrop]], then of Massachusetts, received permission to create a new colony at [[Saybrook Colony|Old Saybrook]] at the mouth of the Connecticut River in 1635. This was the first of three distinct colonies that later would be combined to make up Connecticut. Saybrook Colony was a direct challenge to Dutch claims. The colony was not more than a small outpost and never matured. In 1644, the Saybrook Colony merged itself into the Connecticut Colony.
The first English settlers came in 1633 and settled at Windsor and then Wethersfield in 1634. However, the main body of settlers came in one large group in 1636. The settlers were [[Puritan]]s from Massachusetts, led by [[Thomas Hooker]]. Hooker had been prominent in England, and was a professor of theology at Cambridge. He was also an important political writer, and made a significant contribution to Constitutional theory. He broke with the political leadership in Massachusetts, and, just as [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]] created a new polity in [[Rhode Island]], Hooker and his cohort did the same and established the [[Connecticut Colony]] at Hartford in 1636. This was the second of the three colonies.
The third colony was founded in March 1638. [[New Haven Colony]], (originally known as the Quinnipiack Colony), was established by [[John Davenport (clergyman)|John Davenport]], [[Theophilus Eaton]] and others at New Haven. The New Haven Colony had its own Constitution, 'The Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony' which was signed on [[4 June]] [[1639]].
Because the Dutch were outnumbered by the flood of English settlers from Massachusetts, they left their fort in 1654.
Neither the establishment of the Connecticut Colony or the Quinnipiack Colony were done with the sanction of British imperial authorities, and were independent political entities. They naturally were presumptively English, but in a legal sense, they were only secessionist outposts of Massachusetts Bay. In 1662, Winthrop took advantage of this void in political affairs, and obtained in England the charter by which the colonies of Connecticut and Quinnipiack were united. Although Winthrop's charter favored the Connecticut colony, New Haven remained a seat of government with Hartford, until after the American Revolution.
Winthrop was very politically astute, and secured the charter from the newly restored [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]; who granted the most liberal political terms.
Historically important colonial settlements included:
:[[Windsor, Connecticut|Windsor]] (1633),
:[[Wethersfield, Connecticut|Wethersfield]] (1634),
:[[Old Saybrook, Connecticut|Saybrook]] (1635),
:[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] (1636),
:[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] (1638),
:[[Fairfield, Connecticut|Fairfield]] (1639),
:[[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]] (1639),
:[[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]] (1640),
:[[New London, Connecticut|New London]] (1646),
:[[Middletown, Connecticut|Middletown]] (1647)
Its first constitution, the "[[Fundamental Orders of Connecticut|Fundamental Orders]]", was adopted on [[January 14]], [[1639]], while its [[Connecticut Constitution|current constitution]], the third for Connecticut, was adopted in 1965. Connecticut is the fifth of the original thirteen states. The original constitutions influenced the US Constitution as one of the leading authors was [[Roger Sherman]] of New Haven.
The western boundaries of Connecticut have been subject to change over time. According to '''The Hartford Treaty''' with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], signed on [[1650-09-19]], but never ratified by the British, the western boundary of Connecticut ran north from [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich Bay]] for a distance of 20 Miles<ref name="BOWEN">'''Bowen, Clarence Winthrop: ''Boundary Disputes of Connecticut''''': [[Boston, Massachusetts]]: 1882. P. 17-18.</ref><ref name="FLICK">'''Flick, Alexander C., Editor: ''History of the State of New York. Volume 2''''': [[New York, New York]]: [[Columbia University]] Press, 1933-1937: P. 50-57</ref> "provided the said line come not within {{convert|10|mi|km}} [16 km] of Hudson River. This agreement was observed by both sides until war erupted between [[England]] and [[The Netherlands]] in 1652. No other limits were specified. Conflict over uncertain colonial limits continued until the [[Duke of York]] captured [[New Netherland]] in 1664.<ref name="BOWEN"/><ref name="FLICK"/> "... On the other hand, Connecticut's original Charter in 1662 granted it all the land to the "South Sea", i.e. the Pacific Ocean.<ref>[http://www.law.ou.edu/ushistory/colony.shtml Connecticut Colony Charter of 1662]</ref><ref>[http://www.ctheritage.org/encyclopedia/topicalsurveys/migration.htm Migration from Connecticut] By Barbara Lacey, Connecticut's Heritage Gateway website.</ref> Most colonial royal grants were for long east-west strips. Connecticut took its grant seriously, and established a ninth county between the [[Susquehanna River| Susquehanna]] and [[Delaware River]]s, named [[Westmoreland County, Connecticut|Westmoreland County]]. This resulted in the brief [[Pennamite Wars]] with [[Pennsylvania]].
Connecticut's lands also extended across northern Ohio, called the [[Western Reserve]] lands. The Western Reserve section was settled largely by people from Connecticut, and they brought Connecticut place names to Ohio. Agreements with Pennsylvania and New York extinguished the land claims by Connecticut within its neighbors, and the Western Reserve lands were relinquished to the federal government, which brought the state to its present boundaries.
==Names and symbols==
{{Infobox U.S. state symbols
|Name = Connecticut
|Bird = [[American Robin]]
|Fish = [[American shad]]
|Flower = [[Kalmia latifolia|Mountain Laurel]]
|Insect = [[European Mantis]]
|Mammal = [[Sperm whale]]
|Tree = [[Charter oak|Charter]] [[White oak]]
|Dance = [[Square dance]]
|Fossil = [[Trace fossil|Dinosaur tracks]]
|Mineral = [[Garnet]]
|Shell = [[Eastern Oyster]]
|Ships = ''[[USS Nautilus (SSN-571)]]'', ''[[Freedom Schooner Amistad]]''
|Slogan = ''Full of Surprises''
|Song = ''[[Yankee Doodle]]'',<br>''[[The Nutmeg]]''
|Tartan = [http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/Images/TARTAN.jpg Connecticut State Tartan]
|Route Marker = Connecticut Highway 16.svg
|Quarter = 1999 CT Proof.png
|QuarterReleaseDate = 1999
}}
The name "Connecticut" originates from the [[Mohegan]] word ''quinnitukqut'', meaning "place of long tidal river".<ref name="AboutCT">{{cite web | url = http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434 | title = CT.gov: About Connecticut | accessdate =2005-12-18}}</ref> In fact, the exact spelling "connect I cut", was rendered by Whalley, Goffe, and Dixwell, the three "[[Regicide Judges]]" who came to New Haven in the 17th century, fleeing persecution by Charles II of England. <ref>{{ cite web| url = http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?notisid=AFJ3026-0015-31 | title = The Regicides in New England, by Frederick Hull Cogswell}}</ref>{{failed verification}}
Connecticut's official nickname, adopted in 1959, is "The Constitution State", based on its colonial constitution of 1638–39.<ref name=SOTS>{{cite web|url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?A=3188&QUESTION_ID=392608|title=SOTS: Sites, Seals & Symbols|accessdate=2008-06-12}}</ref> Unofficially (but popularly) Connecticut is also known as ''"The [[Nutmeg]] State"''.<ref name=SOTS/> The origins of the nutmeg connection to Connecticut is unknown. It may have come from its sailors returning from voyages with nutmeg (which in the 18th and 19th centuries was a very valuable spice). It may have originated in the early machined sheet tin nutmeg grinders sold by early Connecticut peddlers. It is also facetiously said to come from [[Yankee]] peddlers from Connecticut who would sell small carved nobs of wood shaped to look like nutmeg to unsuspecting customers.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.roadescape.com/nutmeg.html | title=roadscape.com/nutmeg.html}}</ref> [[George Washington]] gave Connecticut the title of ''"The Provisions State"''<ref name=SOTS/> because of the material aid the state rendered to the [[Revolutionary War]] effort. Connecticut is also known as ''"The Land of Steady Habits"''.<ref name=SOTS/>
According to Webster's New International Dictionary, 1993, a person who is a native or resident of Connecticut is a "Connecticuter". There are numerous other terms coined in print, but not in use, such as: "Connecticotian" - [[Cotton Mather]] in 1702. "Connecticutensian" - [[Samuel Peters]] in 1781. "Nutmegger" is sometimes used,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cslib.org/nicknamesCT.htm| title=Connecticut's Nicknames| publisher=Connecticut State Library}}</ref> as is "Yankee" (the official State Song is "[[Yankee Doodle]]"), though this usually refers someone from the wider [[New England]] region.<ref>See [[Yankee]] main article.</ref> Linguist Allen Walker Read reports a more playful term, 'connecticutie.' The traditional abbreviation of the state's name is "Conn."; the official [[United States postal abbreviations|postal abbreviation]] is CT.
[[Commemorative stamp]]s issued by the [[United States Postal Service]] with Connecticut themes include [[Nathan Hale]], [[Eugene O'Neill]], [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]], [[Noah Webster]], [[Eli Whitney]], the [[whaling]] [[ship]] the [[Charles W. Morgan (ship)|Charles W. Morgan]] which is docked in [[Mystic Seaport]], and a [[decoy]] of a broadbill [[duck]].
[[Image:Charter Oak in Hartford CT.jpg|thumb|right|The Charter Oak]]
[[Image:SS-571-Nautilus-trials.gif|thumb|right|The USS Nautilus]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Connecticut state insignia and historical figures<ref name=SOTS/><sup>, except where noted</sup>
|-
|[[State hero]] || [[Nathan Hale]]
|-
|[[State heroine]] || [[Prudence Crandall]]
|-
|[[State composer]] || [[Charles Edward Ives]]
|-
|State statues in [[National Statuary Hall Collection|Statuary Hall]] || [[Roger Sherman]] and [[Jonathan Trumbull]]<ref>See [[National Statuary Hall Collection#Collection|National Statuary Hall Collection]]</ref>
|-
<!-- STATE PEOPLE, HONORARY POSTS-->
|[[State poet laureate]] || [[John Hollander]]
|-
|[[Connecticut State Troubadour]] || [[Pierce Campbell]]<ref>[http://www.ct.gov/cct/cwp/view.asp?a=2162&q=293748&cctNav=%7C43587%7C Connecticut State Troubadour]; CT Commission on Culture & Tourism Arts Division website; retrieved [[January 4]], [[2007]]</ref>
|-
|[[State composer laureate]] || [[Jacob Druckman]]
|}
== Demographics ==
{{USCensusPop
|1790 = 237946
|1800 = 251002
|1810 = 261942
|1820 = 275248
|1830 = 297675
|1840 = 309978
|1850 = 370792
|1860 = 460147
|1870 = 537454
|1880 = 622700
|1890 = 746258
|1900 = 908420
|1910 = 1114756
|1920 = 1380631
|1930 = 1606903
|1940 = 1709242
|1950 = 2007280
|1960 = 2535234
|1970 = 3031709
|1980 = 3107576
|1990 = 3287116
|2000 = 3405565
|estyear = 2006
|estimate = 3504809
| footnote= '''Sources:'''<ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/table-16.pdf Population: 1790 to 1990] census.gov</ref><ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/tab02.txt Resident Population of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: Census 2000] census.gov</ref>
}}
[[Image:Connecticut population map.png|right|thumb|200px|Connecticut Population Density Map]]
As of 2005, Connecticut has an estimated population of 3,510,297,<ref name=stateest>{{cite web |date=[[June 21]] [[2006]] | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2005-01.csv | title = Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States and States, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005|format = [[Comma-separated values|CSV]] | work = 2005 Population Estimates | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division | accessdate =2006-11-17}}</ref> which is an increase of 11,331, or 0.3%, from the prior year and an increase of 104,695, or 3.1%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 67,427 people (that is 222,222 births minus 154,795 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 41,718 people into the state. [[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 75,991 people, and [[Human migration|migration]] within the country produced a net loss of 34,273 people. Based on the 2005 estimates, Connecticut moves from the 29th most populous state to 30th.<ref name=stateest/>
6.6% of its population was reported as being under 5 years old, 24.7% under 18 years old, and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. Females made up approximately 51.6% of the population, with 48.4% male.
In 1790, 97% of the population in Connecticut were classified as "rural". The first census in which less than half the population was classified as rural was 1890. In the 2000 census, it was only 12.3%. Most of western and southern Connecticut is strongly associated with [[New York City]]; this area is the most affluent and populous region of the state. A portion of rural eastern Connecticut is somewhat culturally influenced by Boston. This split has caused a lack of more than a few professional sport teams. ie: NHL hockey since the mid 1990s, NFL football, MLS soccer and men's basketball.
The [[center of population]] of Connecticut is located in the town of [[Cheshire, Connecticut|Cheshire]].<ref> {{cite web| url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt| title=Population and Population Centers by State: 2000| publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref>
=== Race, ancestry, and language ===
{{US Demographics}}
As of 2004, 11.4% of the population (400,000) was foreign-born, and 10% of the foreign-born in the state were illegal aliens (about 1.1% of the population). In 1870, native-born Americans had accounted for 75% of the state's population, but that had dropped to 35% by 1918.
As of 2000, 81.69% of Connecticut residents age 5 and older spoke [[English language|English]] at home and 8.42% spoke [[Spanish language|Spanish]], followed by [[Italian language|Italian]] at 1.59%, [[French language|French]] at 1.31% and [[Polish language|Polish]] at 1.20%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=9&mode=state_tops&order=r| title = Most spoken languages in Connecticut| accessdate = 2007-01-16| work = MLA Language Map| publisher = The Modern Language Association}}</ref>
The five largest reported ancestries in the state are: [[Italian American|Italian]] (18.6%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (16.6%), [[English American|English]] (10.3%), [[German American|German]] (9.9%), and [[French American|French/French Canadian]] (9.9%).
Connecticut has large [[Italian American]], [[Irish American]] and [[English American]] populations, as well as [[German American]] and [[Portuguese American]] populations, second highest percentage of any state behind Rhode Island (19.3%). [[Italian American|Italian]] is the largest ancestry group in five of the state's counties, while the [[Irish American|Irish]] are the largest group in Tolland county, [[French Canadians]] the largest group in Windham county, and old stock [[Yankee|New England Yankees]] are present throughout. [[African Americans]] and [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanics]] (mostly [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Ricans]]) are numerous in the urban areas of the state. Like Ohio and New York, Connecticut is also known for its relatively large [[Hungarian American]] population, the majority of which live in and around [[Fairfield]], [[Stamford]], [[Naugatuck]] and [[Bridgeport]]. Connecticut also has a sizable [[Polish American]] population, with [[New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain]] containing the largest [[Polish American]] population in the state.
More recent immigrant populations include those from [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]], [[Thailand]], [[Indonesia]], [[Mexico]], [[Brazil]], [[Guatemala]], [[Panama]], and former [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] countries.
=== Religion ===
A 2001 survey of Connecticut residents' religious self-identification showed the following distribution of affiliations:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |title=American Religious Identification Survey, Key Findings, Exhibit 15 |accessdate=2007-01-04 |author=Mayer, Egon |coauthors=Kosmin, Barry A., Keysar, Ariela |year=2001 |publisher= [[City University of New York]]}}</ref>
*[[Roman Catholicism in the United States|Roman Catholic]] – 32%
*[[Baptist]] – 10%
*[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] – 6%
*[[Methodism|Methodist]] – 4%
*[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] – 4%
*[[Congregational church|Congregational]]/[[United Church of Christ]] – 2%
*[[Presbyterian]] – 1%
*[[Pentecostal]] – 1%
*Other Protestant or general [[Protestant]] – 4%
*[[Mormonism|Latter-Day Saint]] – 2%
*[[Church of Christ]] – 2%
*[[Assembly of God]] – 1%
*Non-denominational – 1%
*Other Christian – 7%
*[[Judaism|Jewish]] – 1%
*[[Islam in the United States|Muslim]] – 1%
*Other religions – 4%
*Non-religious – 12%
*No answer – 6%
There is a significant [[Jewish American|Jewish]] population in the state, concentrated in the towns near Long Island Sound between [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]] and [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], in [[Greater New Haven]] and in [[Greater Hartford]], especially the suburb of [[West Hartford, Connecticut|West Hartford]].
Recent [[immigration]] has brought other non-Christian religions to the state, but the numbers of adherents of other religions are still low.
Connecticut is also home to New England's Largest Protestant Church [[The First Cathedral]] in [[Bloomfield, Connecticut]] located in [[Hartford County]].
== Economy ==
[[Image:RellTakesOver.jpg|thumb|260px|Connecticut welcome sign being updated as Rell takes office on [[July 1]], [[2004]].]]
[[Image:Connecticut.JPG|thumb|Connecticut state welcome sign]]
[[Image:Connecticut quarter, reverse side, 1999.jpg|50px|left]]
The total [[gross state product]] for 2006 was $204 billion. The [[per capita income]] for 2007 was $54,117, ranking first among the states.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.courant.com/news/custom/topnews/hcu-ctrichstate,0,6885224.story|title=CT Named Richest State| publisher=The Hartford Courant |date=[[2008-03-26]] |format=HTML}}</ref> There is, however, a great disparity in incomes through the state; although New Canaan has one of the highest per capita incomes in America, Hartford is one of the ten cities with the [[Connecticut locations by per capita income|lowest per capita incomes]] in America. Should Hartford (or similar cities New Haven and Bridgeport) be combined with its immediate suburbs, it would rank as one of the richest cities in the country.
[[New Canaan, Connecticut|New Canaan]] is the [[Connecticut locations by per capita income|wealthiest town in Connecticut]], with a per capita income of $85,459. [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]], [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]], [[Weston, Connecticut|Weston]], [[Westport, Connecticut|Westport]] and [[Wilton, Connecticut|Wilton]] also have per capita incomes over $65,000. Hartford is the poorest town in Connecticut, with a per capita income of $13,428 in 2000.<ref name="CTincome2000">[http://www.ct.gov/ecd/lib/ecd/economic_data/income/2000_median_hh,_family_&_per_cap_income.xls Connecticut per capita income, median household income, and median family income at State, County and Town level: Census 2000 data]</ref> There are other lower-income and blue-collar towns, mostly parts of towns, in the eastern part of the State.
===Taxation===
Prior to 1991, Connecticut had a highly populist [[income tax]] system. Income from employment was untaxed, but income from investments was taxed at the highest rate in the United States: 13%. And this burden was further increased by the method of calculation: no deductions were allowed for the cost (for example, interest on borrowing) of producing the investment income. Under Governor [[Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.]], an Independent, this was reformed to the present system.
This system prior to 1991 made it an attractive haven for high-salaried earners fleeing the heavy taxes of [[New York State]], but highly unattractive for members of Wall Street partnerships. It put an enormous burden on Connecticut [[property tax]] payers, particularly in the cities with their more extensive [[municipal services]].
With Weicker's 1991 tax reform, the tax on employment and investment income was equalized at a then-maximum of 4%. Since then, Greenwich, Connecticut, has become the headquarters of choice for a large number of America's largest [[hedge fund]]s, and Connecticut income from that industry has soared. Today the income tax rate on Connecticut individuals is divided into two tax brackets of 3% and 5%.<ref name=inctax>[http://www.ct.gov/drs/lib/drs/forms/2006forms/income/ct-1040booklet.pdf Connecticut income tax instructions]</ref> All [[wage]]s of a Connecticut resident are subject to the state's income tax, even when the resident works outside of the state. However, in those cases, Connecticut income tax must be withheld only to the extent the Connecticut tax exceeds the amount withheld by the other jurisdiction. Since New York state has higher tax rates than Connecticut, this effectively means that Connecticut residents that work in New York state pay no income tax to Connecticut.
Connecticut levies a 6% state [[sales tax]] on the retail sale, lease, or rental of most goods. Some items and services in general are not subject to sales and use taxes unless specifically enumerated as taxable by [[statute]]. There are no additional sales taxes imposed by local jurisdictions. During the summer there is one week of duty free buying to spur retail sales.
All real and personal property located within the state of Connecticut is taxable unless specifically exempted by statute. All assessments are at 70% of [[fair market value]]. Another 20% of the value may be taxed by the local government though. The maximum property tax credit is $500 per return and any excess may not be refunded or carried forward.<ref name=inctax/> Connecticut does not levy an intangible personal [[property tax]].
===Real estate===
Homes in southwestern Connecticut on the fringes of the [[New York City]] metropolitan area are quite expensive. Many towns have median home prices over $500,000, with some more desirable homes exceeding $1 million. Fairfield County has the most expensive real estate market in Connecticut, with most houses selling at over $1.5 million and many costing several million. Connecticut has the most multi-million dollar homes in the northeast, and the second most in the nation after California, with 3.3% of homes in Connecticut priced over one million dollars in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/02/22/real_estate/february_million_dollar_homes/index.htm?section=money_topstories| title=Million Dollar Homes|last=Christie|first=Les| publisher=[[CNN]].com| date=2006-02-23| accessdate=2007-01-23}}</ref> In 2007, the median price for a house in Connecticut passed $300,000 for the first time, even though most of the country was mired in a real estate slump.<ref>[http://news.uconn.edu/archive/archive_in_the_news_0807.php UConn in the News: August 2007]</ref>
===Industries===
The agricultural output for the state is [[Nursery (horticulture)|nursery stock]], [[egg (food)|eggs]], clams, lobster, [[dairy product]]s, [[cattle]], and [[tobacco#shade tobacco|tobacco]]. Its industrial outputs are [[transport]]ation equipment (especially [[helicopter]]s, [[aircraft]] parts, and [[nuclear submarine]]s), heavy industrial machinery and electrical equipment, military weaponry and fabricated metal products, [[chemical]] and [[pharmaceutical]] products, and [[Measuring instrument|scientific instrument]]s.
Due to the prominence of the aircraft industry in the state, Connecticut has an official state aircraft, the [[F4U Corsair]], and an official Connecticut Aviation Pioneer, [[Igor Sikorsky]]. The state officially recognizes aircraft designer [[Gustav Whitehead]] as "Father of Connecticut Aviation" for his research into powered flight in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] in 1901, two years before the [[Wright brothers]] at [[Kitty Hawk, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = O'Dwyer | first = Maj. William J. | title = The "Who Flew First" Debate | journal = Flight Journal | publisher = Air Age Media | date = October 1998 | url =http://www.flightjournal.com/articles/wff/wff2.asp | accessdate = 2007-01-23 | format = {{dead link|date=June 2008}} – <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3AO%27Dwyer+intitle%3AThe+%22Who+Flew+First%22+Debate&as_publication=Flight+Journal&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> }}</ref> Governor John Dempsey also declared August 15 to be "Gustave Whitehead Day".<ref>{{cite journal | last = Delear | first = Frank | title = Gustave Whitehead and the First-Flight Controversy | journal = Aviation History | date = March 1996 | url =http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/aviation_history/3032816.html?page=7&c=y | accessdate = 2007-01-23 }}</ref>
<!-- A list of large companies might be appropriate here -->
A report issued by the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism on [[December 7]][[2006]] demonstrated that the economic impact of the arts, film, history and tourism generated more than $14 billion in economic activity and 170,000 jobs annually. This provides $9 billion in personal income for Connecticut residents and $1.7 billion in state and local revenue.<ref>[http://www.cultureandtourism.org/cct/lib/cct/Econ_Summary_Web2_%282%29.pdf The Economic Impact of the Arts, Film, History, and Tourism Industries in Connecticut (Highlights)] Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism</ref>
==Transportation==
[[Image:Map of Connecticut NA cropped.png|300px|right|thumb|Map of Connecticut showing major highways]]
===Roads===
The [[Interstate highway]]s in the state are [[Interstate 95 in Connecticut|I-95]] (the [[Connecticut Turnpike]]) running southwest to northeast along the coast, [[Interstate 84 (east)|I-84]] running southwest to northeast in the center of the state, [[I-91]] running north to south in the center of the state, and [[Interstate 395 (Connecticut)|I-395]] running north to south near the eastern border of the state. The other major highways in Connecticut are the [[Merritt Parkway]] and [[Wilbur Cross Parkway]], which together form [[Route 15 (Connecticut)|State Route 15]], running from the [[Hutchinson River Parkway]] in [[New York State]] parallel to I-95 before turning north of [[New Haven]] and running parallel to I-91, finally becoming a surface road in [[Berlin, Connecticut]]. Route 15 and I-95 were originally [[toll road]]s; they relied on a system of [[toll plaza]]s at which all traffic stopped and paid fixed tolls. A series of terrible crashes at these plazas eventually contributed to the decision to remove the tolls in 1988.<ref>[http://www.nycroads.com/roads/ct-turnpike/ Connecticut Turnpike (I-95)] nycroads.com</ref> Other major arteries in the state include [[U.S. Route 7]] in the west running parallel to the NY border, [[Route 8 (Connecticut)|State Route 8]] farther east near the industrial city of Waterbury and running north-south along the Naugatuck River Valley nearly parallel with U.S. 7, and [[Route 9 (Connecticut)|State Route 9]] in the east. See [[List of State Routes in Connecticut]] for an overview of the state's highway system.
Between New Haven and the New York City, I-95 is one of the most congested highways in the United States. Many people now drive longer distances to work in the New York City area. This strains the three lanes of traffic capacity, resulting in lengthy [[rush hour]] delays. Frequently, the congestion spills over to clog the parallel Merritt Parkway. The state has encouraged traffic reduction schemes, including rail use and [[ride-sharing]].<ref>[http://www.ctrides.com/ ctrides.com]</ref>
Connecticut also has a very active bicycling community, with one of the highest rates of bicycling ownership and use in the United States. New Haven's cycling community, organized in a local advocacy group called [[ElmCityCycling]], is particularly active. According to the U.S. Census 2006 American Community Survey, New Haven has the highest percentage of commuters who bicycle to work of any major metropolitan center on the East Coast.
===Public transportation===
====Rail====
Since many Connecticut residents commute to [[New York City]], there is an extensive [[commuter rail]]way network connecting New York City to [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] on [[Metro North Railroad]] (a commuter railroad based in New York and operated by the Metropolitan Transit Authority) with spurs servicing Waterbury, Danbury, and New Canaan. Rail service does not end with New Haven, however. Connecticut is in the heart of Amtrak's [[Northeast Corridor]] and the Amtrak Regional line makes stops in New Haven-State Street, Old Saybrook, New London, and Mystic. Smaller town stops between New Haven and New London are served by [[Shore Line East]], which takes commuters to those stations to catch a main train. These commuter services are heavily utilized during weekday rush hours. Regional rail service is provided by [[Amtrak]], which makes regular stops in Stamford, Bridgeport, New Haven, and Hartford, as well as in Wallingford, Meriden, Berlin, Windsor, and Windsor Locks. Operation of commuter trains from New Haven to Springfield on Amtrak's [[New Haven-Springfield Line]] is scheduled to begin in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Reitz |title=Conn. looks into building rail line from Springfield to New Haven |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2006/07/30/conn_looks_into_building_rail_line_from_springfield_to_new_haven/ |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |date=[[2006-07-30]] |accessdate=2007-01-29}}</ref>
====Bus====
Statewide [[bus]] service is supplied by [[Connecticut Transit]], owned by the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]], with smaller municipal authorities providing local service. Bus networks are an important part of the transportation system in Connecticut, especially in urban areas like Hartford, Stamford, Norwalk, Bridgeport and New Haven. A three-year construction project to build a busway from New Britain to Hartford will begin in August 2009.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New Britain-to-Hartford ‘Busway’ Receives Final Federal Design Approval |publisher=State of Connecticut |date=[[2006-10-31]] |url=http://www.ct.gov/governorrell/cwp/view.asp?Q=326626&A=2425 |accessdate=2007-01-29}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ctrapidtransit.com/ct_schedule.asp New Britain-Hartford Rapid Transit Project Schedule]</ref>
====Air====
[[Bradley International Airport]], which became truly 'International' in the summer of 2007 beginning service to Europe, is located in [[Windsor Locks]], 15 miles (24 km) north of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]. Regional air service is provided at [[Tweed-New Haven Airport]]. Larger civil airports include [[Danbury Municipal Airport]] and [[Waterbury-Oxford Airport]] in western Connecticut. The [[Westchester County Airport]] in [[Harrison, New York]] serves part of southwestern Connecticut.
== Law and government ==
{{seealso|Administrative divisions of Connecticut}}
[[Image:Connecticut State Capitol, February 24, 2008.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Connecticut State Capitol]] in downtown Hartford]]
[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] has been the sole capital of Connecticut since 1875. Before then, [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] and Hartford alternated as capitals.<ref name="AboutCT"/>
===Constitutional history===
Connecticut is known as the "Constitution State". While the origin on this title is uncertain, the nickname is assumed to refer to the [[Fundamental Orders of Connecticut|Fundamental Orders]] of 1638–39. These Fundamental Orders represent the framework for the first formal [[government]] written by a representative body in Connecticut. The government has operated under the direction of four separate documents in the course of [[Connecticut Constitutional History]]. After the Fundamental Orders, Connecticut was granted governmental authority by King [[Charles II of England]] through the Connecticut Charter of 1662. While these two documents acted to lay the ground work for the state’s government, either document could be altered simply by a majority vote of the [[Connecticut General Assembly|General Assembly]].{{fact|date=June 2008}} Separate branches of government did not exist during this period, and the General Assembly acted as the supreme authority. A constitution similar to the modern [[U.S. Constitution]] was not adopted in Connecticut until 1818. Finally, the current state constitution was implemented in 1965. The 1965 constitution absorbed a majority of its 1818 predecessor, but incorporated a handful of important modifications.
Another possible source of the nickname "constitution state" comes from Connecticut's pivotal role in the federal constitutional convention of 1787, during which Roger Sherman and [[Oliver Ellsworth]] helped to orchestrate what became known as the [[Connecticut Compromise]], or the Great Compromise. This plan combined the [[Virginia Plan]] and the [[New Jersey Plan]] to form a bicameral legislature, a form copied by almost every state constitution since the adoption of the federal constitution.
===Executive===
The governor heads the executive branch. The current [[List of Governors of Connecticut|Governor of Connecticut]] is [[M. Jodi Rell]] (Republican). The current [[List of Lieutenant Governors of Connecticut|Lieutenant Governor]] is [[Michael Fedele]]. From 1639 until the adoption of the 1818 constitution, the governor presided over the General Assembly. Connecticut was the first state in the United States to elect a woman as governor without electing her husband first, [[Ella Grasso]] in 1974.
There are several executive departments: Administrative Services, Agriculture, Banking, Children and Families, Consumer Protection, Correction, Economic and Community Development, Developmental Services, Education, Environmental Protection, Higher Education, Information Technology, Insurance, Labor, Mental Health and Addiction Services, Military, Motor Vehicles, Public Health, Public Safety, Public Utility Control, Public Works, Revenue Services, Social Services, Transportation, Veterans Affairs. In addition to these departments, there are other independent bureaus, offices and commissions.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246450| title=Connecticut's Executive Branch of Government| publisher=ct.gov}}</ref>
In addition to the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, there are four other executive officers named in the state constitution that are elected directly by voters: Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller and Attorney General. All executive officers are elected to four year terms.<ref name="AboutCT"/>
===Legislative===
The [[legislature]] is the [[Connecticut General Assembly|General Assembly]]. The General Assembly is a [[bicameral]] body consisting of an upper body, the [[Connecticut Senate|State Senate]] (36 senators); and a lower body, the [[Connecticut House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] (151 representatives).<ref name="AboutCT"/> Bills must pass each house in order to become law. The governor can veto the bill, but this veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority in each house. Senators and representatives, all of whom must be at least eighteen years of age, are elected to two-year terms in November on even-numbered years. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the senate, except when absent from the chamber, when the [[List of Presidents Pro Tempore of Connecticut|President Pro Tempore]] presides. The [[List of Speakers of the House of Connecticut|Speaker of the House]] presides over the House; [[James A. Amann]] is the current Speaker of the House of Connecticut. The [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] currently hold the majority in both houses of the General Assembly.
Connecticut's U.S. senators are [[Christopher J. Dodd]] (Democrat) and [[Joseph I. Lieberman]] ([[Connecticut for Lieberman]], [[Independent Democrat]]) who is part of the Democratic Caucus. Connecticut currently has five [[U.S. Congressional Delegations from Connecticut|representatives in the U.S. House]], four of whom are Democrats.
===Judicial===
The highest [[court]] of Connecticut's judicial branch is the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of Connecticut. The Supreme Court is responsible for deciding on the constitutionality of the law or cases as they relate to the law. Its proceedings are similar to those of the United States Supreme Court, with no testimony given by witnesses, and the lawyers of the two sides each present oral arguments no longer than thirty minutes. Following a court proceeding, the court may take several months to arrive at a judgment. The current [[List of Chief Justices of Connecticut|Chief Justice]] is [[Chase T. Rogers]].
In 1818, the court became a separate entity, independent of the legislative and executive branches.<ref>[http://www.jud.state.ct.us/ystday/history.html History of the Connecticut Courts]. Last retrieved [[2007-02-20]].</ref> The Appellate Court is a lesser state-wide court and the Superior Courts are lower courts that resemble county courts of other states.
===Local government===
{{seealso| Administrative divisions of Connecticut}} and several lists: [[List of municipalities of Connecticut by population]], [[List of towns in Connecticut]], [[List of cities in Connecticut]], [[Borough (Connecticut)]], [[List of counties in Connecticut]]
Connecticut has 169 [[New England town|towns]], which serve as the fundamental local political subdivision of the state; the entire state is divided into towns.<ref name="AboutCT"/> Connecticut shares a local form of government with the rest of [[New England]] called the [[New England town]]. There are also 21 cities,<ref name="AboutCT"/> most of which are coterminous with their namesake towns and have a merged city-town government. There are two exceptions: [[Groton (city), Connecticut|City of Groton]], which is a subsection of the [[Groton (town), Connecticut|Town of Groton]] and the City of [[Winsted, Connecticut|Winsted]] in the Town of [[Winchester, Connecticut|Winchester]]. There are also nine incorporated [[borough]]s which may provide additional services to a section of town.<ref name="AboutCT"/><ref>[http://www.cslib.org/boroughcity.htm Connecticut's Boroughs and Cities]. Connecticut State Library. Accessed 20 January 2007.</ref> One, [[Naugatuck]], is a consolidated town and borough.
Unlike most other states, Connecticut does not have [[county]] government. Connecticut county governments were mostly eliminated in 1960, with the exception of the [[sheriff]] system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionVI/SecVICounty.htm |title= Connecticut State Register and Manual: Counties |accessdate=2006-11-07}}</ref> In 2000, the county sheriff was abolished and replaced with the [[Connecticut State Marshal|state marshal]] system, which has districts that follow the old county territories. The judicial system is divided, at the trial court level, into judicial districts which largely follow the old county lines.<ref> [http://www.jud.ct.gov/directory/directory/location/Default.htm State of Connecticut Judicial Branch]</ref> The [[list of Connecticut counties|eight counties]] are still widely used for purely geographical and statistical purposes, such as [[Weather forecasting|weather report]]s, and census reporting.
The state is divided into 15 [[Administrative divisions of Connecticut#Regions|planning regions]] defined by the state Office of Planning and Management.<ref name="OPM">[http://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2985&q=383124 Regional Planning Coordination at the CT Office of Planning and Management]</ref> The Intragovernmental Policy Division of this Office coordinates regional planning with the administrative bodies of these regions. Each region has an administrative body known as either a regional council of governments, a regional council of elected officials, or a regional planning agency. The regions are established for the purpose of planning "coordination of regional and state planning activities; designation or redesignation of logical planning regions and promotion of the continuation of regional planning organizations within the state; and provision for technical aid and the administration of financial assistance to regional planning organizations."<ref name="OPM"/>
==Politics==
{| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" style="margin: 2em 2em 2em 2em; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+ '''Presidential elections results'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2004&fips=9&f=0&off=0&elect=0&type=state|title = Presidential General Election Results Comparison - Connecticut|publisher=Dave Leip's Atlas of United States Presidential Elections|year=2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
! Year
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|43.95% ''693,826''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''54.31%''' ''857,488''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2000|2000]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|38.44% ''561,094''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''55.91%''' ''816,015''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1996|1996]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|34.69% ''483,109''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''52.83%''' ''735,740''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1992|1992]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|35.78% ''578,313''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''42.21%''' ''682,318''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1988|1988]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''51.98%''' ''750,241''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|46.87% ''676,584''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1984|1984]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''60.73%''' ''890,877''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|38.83% ''569,597''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1980|1980]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''48.16%''' ''677,210''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|38.52% ''541,732''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1976|1976]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''52.06%''' ''719,261''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|46.90% ''647,895''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1972|1972]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''58.57%''' ''810,763''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|40.13% ''555,498''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1968|1968]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|44.32% ''556,721''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''49.48%''' ''621,561''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1964|1964]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|32.09% ''390,996''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''67.81%''' ''826,269''
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1960|1960]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|46.27% ''565,813''
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''53.73%''' ''657,055''
|}
Connecticut leans strongly towards the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. However, Connecticut has a high number of voters who are not registered with a major party. As of 2004, 33.7% of registered voters were registered Democratic, 22.0% were registered Republican, and 44.0% were unaffiliated with any party, with 0.2% registered with a minor party<!-- editor's note: figures do not add up to 100% due to rounding errors -->.<ref>[http://www.sots.ct.gov/ElectionsServices/election_results/statistics/enrolhst.pdf Party Enrollment in Connecticut]. Connecticut Office of the Secretary of State. Last retrieved [[2007-02-22]].</ref>
Many Connecticut towns show a marked preference for moderate candidates of either party. Democrats hold a registration edge especially in the cities of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]; [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]; and [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]], where Democratic machines have held power since the great immigration waves of the 1800s. The state's Republican-leaning areas are the rural [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield County]] and adjoining towns in the west of [[Hartford County, Connecticut|Hartford County]], the industrial towns of the [[Naugatuck River Valley]], and some of the affluent [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]] towns near the [[New York]] border. The suburban towns of [[New Canaan, Connecticut|New Canaan]] and [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]] in Fairfield County are considered the most Republican areas in the state, the former being the hometown of conservative activist [[Ann Coulter]]. [[Westport, Connecticut|Westport]], a wealthy town a few miles to the east, is often considered one of the most loyally-Democratic, liberal towns in Fairfield County. [[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]] and [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], two larger, affluent communities in Fairfield County, have in many elections favored moderate Republicans including former Governor [[John G. Rowland]] and Congressman [[Chris Shays]], however they have favored Democrats in recent US presidential candidates. [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]] has a Democratic registration edge, but usually favors conservative candidates in both parties. In [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]] unaffiliated voters outnumber voters registered with either major party. Other smaller cities including [[Meriden, Connecticut|Meriden]], [[New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain]], and [[Middletown, Connecticut|Middletown]] favor Democratic candidates.
Democrats hold veto-proof majorities in both houses of the [[Connecticut General Assembly]]. In 2006, Republicans were reduced from three out of five to one out of five federal congressional seats. The remaining Republican, [[Chris Shays]], is the only Republican from [[New England]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] in the [[110th Congress|current Congress]] and is also one of the most liberal Republicans in the House. [[Christopher Dodd]] and [[Joseph Lieberman]] are Connecticut's [[U.S. Senate|U.S. senators]]. The senior Dodd is a Democrat while the junior Lieberman serves as an [[Independent Democrat]] caucusing with Senate Democrats after his victory on the [[Connecticut for Lieberman]] ballot line in the 2006 general election. Lieberman's predecessor, [[Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.]], was the last Connecticut Republican to serve as Senator. Weicker was known as a liberal Republican. He broke with President [[Richard Nixon]] during [[Watergate Scandal|Watergate]] and successfully ran for governor in 1990 as an independent, creating [[A Connecticut Party]] as his election vehicle. Before Weicker, the last [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] to represent Connecticut in the Senate was [[Prescott Bush]], the father of former President [[George H.W. Bush]] and the grandfather of President [[George W. Bush]]. He served from 1953–1963.
{{further|[[U.S. presidential election, 2004, in Connecticut]]}}
===Political corruption===
Several mayors, state legislators, and government employees have been convicted and imprisoned for crimes ranging from bribery to racketeering. In 2004, Governor [[John G. Rowland]], a Republican, was forced to resign when it was discovered he helped steer state contracts to firms that offered him gifts and free vacations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/21/connecticut.governor/index.html | title=Connecticut governor announces resignation | publisher=[[CNN]].com | date= [[1 July]] [[2004]]| accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> Following his resignation, he pled guilty to corruption charges and served ten months in federal prison. Former [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]] Mayor and 2000 GOP Senate candidate [[Philip Giordano]] was stripped of power in 2001 after a corruption investigation had to be cut short when phone taps unexpectedly revealed alleged sexual acts with 8- and 10-year-old minor girls and other possible child sex offenses.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://liberty.hypermart.net/voices/2002/Giordano.htm|title= Federal Child Sex Charges Against Republican Mayor Giordano| publisher=[[New York Daily News]] | date = [[23 November]] [[2001]]| accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref> In 2003, he was convicted and sentenced to 37 years in federal prison.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://liberty.hypermart.net/voices/2002/Giordano.htm| title = Ex-Republican Mayor in Connecticut Is Sentenced to 37 Years for Sex Abuse| publisher = [[New York Times]] (AP)| date = [[14 June]] [[2003]]| accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref> Democrats have been convicted of corruption as well, most notably former Bridgeport Mayor [[Joe Ganim]]. The current Mayor of Bridgeport, [[John Fabrizi]] admitted to using cocaine while in office, but has stayed on while not running for re-election.<ref>{{cite news|url =http://nwkpublish.bits.baseview.com/stamford_templates/stamford_story/319603830946543.php| title = Politics top state stories of 2006| publisher = The Stamford Times (AP)| accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url =http://www.connpost.com/news/ci_3958182| title = Fabrizi: I used coke| last = Cummings |first = Bill | publisher= [[Connecticut Post]]| date = [[21 June]] [[2006]] |accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref> In August 2007 Hartford Mayor [[Eddie Perez]] announced he had been investigated for ties to a city contractor.<ref>http://www.courant.com/news/custom/topnews/hc-perez0817.artaug17,0,3742776.story?coll=hc_tab01_layout</ref> And in December 2007 in Enfield, former Mayor Patrick L. Tallarita (D) has been named in a lawsuit over an alleged threatening confrontation with a man at a grocery store.<ref>http://www.journalinquirer.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=19090072&BRD=985&PAG=461&dept_id=569427&rfi=6</ref>
Several state agencies, including the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation (DOT)]], [[Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)]], and [[Connecticut Department of Children and Families|Department of Children and Families (DCF)]] have been rocked by scandals over the past decade.
A more recent scandal involved a botched construction project on [[Interstate 84 (east)|Interstate 84]] near Waterbury. An independent audit of the project in late 2006 revealed that over 300 storm drains installed by the now-defunct L.G. DeFelice Construction Company, were either filled with sand, were improperly installed, or were connected with pipes that led to nowhere. In addition to the faulty storm drains, officials discovered light fixtures with defective mounting brackets when one of the fixtures fell off of its support pole and onto the highway. Inspectors also discovered the structural steel for an overpass was not properly installed, raising serious questions about the bridge's structural integrity. Following the uncovering of this scandal, Attorney-General [[Richard Blumenthal]] filed suit against L.G. DeFelice, its bonding company [[USF&G]], and the consultants (the Maguire Group) hired by CONNDOT to oversee the project, resulting in a $17.5 million settlement to fix the problems. A federal [[grand jury]] and FBI investigation were also launched into the operations of L.G. DeFelice before the company ceased operations in 2004. Several CONNDOT employees were fired after being implicated in the scandal, and are also subjects of state and federal investigations for allegedly taking [[bribery|bribes]] in exchange for covering up substandard work on the I-84 project. Finally, the scandal prompted the [[Connecticut General Assembly]] to consider contract reform legislation and Governor [[M. Jodi Rell]] to order a complete reorganization of CONNDOT.
On [[June 1]][[2007]] [[Connecticut Senate]] Minority Leader [[Louis DeLuca]] (R-Woodbury) was arrested on conspiracy charges after it was discovered he was dealing with a local Mafia boss who is currently facing federal charges stemming from his trash-hauling operations,<ref>[http://www.wtnh.com/Global/story.asp?S=6599228 State Sen. DeLuca arrested. WTNH Channel 8 New Haven, June 1, 2007]</ref> and allegations that he tried to use these same ties to intimidate the husband of his granddaughter, whom he claimed was abusing her.
Following Rowland's resignation, the state legislature passed a campaign finance reform bill that bans contributions from lobbyists and state contractors in future campaigns.<ref>{{cite press release|title =Connecticut Legislature Passes Sweeping Campaign Finance Reform Bill | publisher = Brennan Center for Justice | date = [[1 December]] [[2005]] | url =http://www.brennancenter.org/press_detail.asp?key=100&subkey=10529&init_key=84 | accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref>
== Education ==
Connecticut is well-known as the home of [[Yale University]], which maintains a consistent ranking as one of the world's most renowned universities, and has one of the most selective undergraduate programs of any university in the United States (an 8.6% acceptance rate in 2006).<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2006-11-02-collegerates_x.htm| title = College acceptance rates: How many get in?| publisher = [[USA Today]]| date = [[8 November]] [[2006]]| accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2006/04/04/CampusNews/Class.Of.2010.Acceptance.Rate.Lowest.In.University.History-1779032.shtml?sourcedomain=www.browndailyherald.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com| title= Class of 2010 acceptance rate lowest in University history| last=Lutts | first = Chloe | publisher=The Brown Daily Herald| date = [[4 April]] [[2006]] | accessdate =2007-01-20}}</ref> Yale is one of the largest employers in the state, and its research activity has recently spun off dozens of growing biotechnology companies.
Connecticut is also the host of many other academic institutions, including [[Sacred Heart University]] (1964),[[Quinnipiac University]] (1929), [[Trinity College (Connecticut)|Trinity College]] (1823), [[Connecticut College]] (1911), and [[Wesleyan University]] (1832). The [[University of Connecticut]] has been the highest ranked public university in New England for eight years running, according to ''[[U.S. News and World Report]]''.
Additionally, the State has many noted [[boarding school]]s, including [[Miss Porter's School]], [[Choate Rosemary Hall]], [[Hotchkiss]], [[Westminster School (Connecticut)|Westminster School]], [[Pomfret School]], [[Avon Old Farms]], [[Loomis Chaffee]], [[Salisbury School]] and [[The Taft School]] which draw students from all over the world. Also Connecticut has many noted private day schools such as [[Holy Cross High School (Waterbury, Connecticut)|Holy Cross High School]] located in [[Waterbury]], [[Kingswood-Oxford School]] located in [[West Hartford]], the [[Hopkins School]] in [[New Haven]], [[St. Lukes School]] in [[New Canaan]], the [[Norwich Free Academy]] in [[Norwich]], and the [[The Williams School|Williams School]] in New London.
{{see also|List of colleges and universities in Connecticut}} for a comprehensive listing. <!-- list of colleges is comprehensive in another article; improve that article/list instead of redundantly adding it here -->
{{see also|List of school districts in Connecticut}}
== Sports ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Club
!Sport
!League
|-
|[[Bridgeport Sound Tigers]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|[[American Hockey League]]
|-
|[[Danbury Mad Hatters]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|[[Eastern Professional Hockey League]]
|-
|[[Hartford Wolf Pack]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|[[American Hockey League]]
|-
|[[Connecticut Defenders]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[Minor League Baseball]] (AA)
|-
|[[New Britain Rock Cats]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[Minor League Baseball]] (AA)
|-
|[[Bridgeport Bluefish]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[Atlantic League]]
|-
|[[Manchester Silkworms]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[New England Collegiate Baseball League]]
|-
|[[Danbury Westerners]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[New England Collegiate Baseball League]]
|-
|[[Stamford Robins]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League]]
|-
|[[Torrington Twisters]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[New England Collegiate Baseball League]]
|-
|[[Connecticut Sun]]
|[[Basketball]]
|[[Women's National Basketball Association]]
|-
|[http://www.ctrollerderby.com Connecticut Roller Girls]
|[[Flat Track Roller Derby]]
|[[Women's Flat Track Roller Derby Association]]
|-
|[[New Haven Warriors]]
|[[Rugby league|Rugby]]
|[[American National Rugby League]]
|-
|[[Connecticut Wildcats]]
|[[Rugby league|Rugby]]
|[[American National Rugby League]]
|-
|}
*From 1979 to 1997, the National Hockey League had a franchise in Hartford, the [[Hartford Whalers]]. Their departure to [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], caused great controversy and resentment. The former Whalers are now known as the [[Carolina Hurricanes]].
* Connecticut is a battleground between fans of the [[New York Yankees]], [[Boston Red Sox]], and [[New York Mets]]<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/18/sports/baseball/18fans.html?ei=5088&en=6f3f651e40bd2179&ex=1313553600&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=print</ref>
*In 1876, Hartford had a franchise in baseball's [[National League]] known as the [[Hartford Dark Blues]].
*In 1926, Hartford had a franchise in the [[National Football League]] known as the [[Hartford Blues]].
*From 1975 to 1995, the [[Boston Celtics]] of the [[National Basketball Association]] played a number of home games at the [[Hartford Civic Center]].
*Since 1952, a [[PGA Tour]] golf tournament has been played in the Hartford area. Originally called the "Insurance City Open" and later the "Greater Hartford Open", the event is now know as the [[Travelers Championship]].
The Pilot Pen Tennis Tournament is held annually at the Connecticut Tennis Center at Yale University.
The [[Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference (CIAC)]] is the state's sanctioning body for high school sports.
==Famous residents==
{{main|List of famous residents of Connecticut}}
[[George Walker Bush]], President of the United States, was born in Connecticut. He is a member of the [[Bush political family]], with roots in the state extending three generations. Other notable figures from the state span American political and cultural history, including [[Ralph Nader]], [[Eli Whitney]], [[Benedict Arnold]], [[Nathan Hale]], [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]], [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]], [[Eugene O'Neill]], [[Charles Ives]], [[Katharine Hepburn]], and [[Roger Sherman]]. The state is often associated with American author [[Mark Twain]], who resided there for a short period of time, although he felt more of a connection to his native [[Missouri]], as demonstrated by his frequent mention of Missouri in his writing.
[[Meg Ryan]] lived in [[Bethel CT,]] while growing up.
==See also==
*[[List of Connecticut-related topics]]
<!-- {{portal|Connecticut|Flag of Connecticut.svg|left=yes}} -->
{{clear}}
<!-- Please place links to all topics directly related to the State of Connecticut in the [[List of Connecticut-related topics]] -->
==References ==
{{reflist|2}}
== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Connecticut}}
===Government===
*[http://www.ct.gov/ State of Connecticut] - Official state website
*[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CT Energy Data & Statistics for Connecticut- From the U.S. Department of Energy]
*[http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Connecticut Connecticut State Databases] - Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Connecticut state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
*[http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/regman.htm Connecticut State Register & Manual] - updated annually
*[http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=257266 Directory of Web sites of Connecticut towns and cities]
===Tourism===
*[http://www.ctvisit.com/ CTVisit.com] - Official state tourism website
*{{wikitravel}}
===History===
*[http://www.ctgenealogy.com/ Connecticut Society of Genealogists (Est. 1968)]
*[http://www.chs.org/ Connecticut Historical Society]
*[http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=CT USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Connecticut]
*[http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/09000.html U.S. Census Bureau]
*[http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/CT.htm Connecticut State Facts]
*[http://www.usastatesdates.com/connecticut.htm History topics timeline of Connecticut 1738-1838]
===Civic and business organizations===
*[http://www.ctjaycees.org Connecticut Junior Chamber (Jaycees)]
*[http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/connecticut Connecticut Newspapers]
*[http://www.cbia.com/ Connecticut Business & Industry Association]
*[http://www.ctbhof.com/ The Connecticut Business Hall Of Fame]
{{-}}
{{Connecticut|expanded}}
{{United States}}
{{succession
| preceded = [[Georgia, U.S.|Georgia]]
| office = [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]
| years = Ratified [[Constitution of the United States of America|Constitution]] on [[January 9]], [[1788]] (5th)
| succeeded = [[Massachusetts]]
}}
{{coor title d|41.6|N|72.7|W|region:US-CT_type:state_scale:1000000}}
[[Category:Connecticut|*]]
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