Conventional Egyptian chronology 256090 216850532 2008-06-03T14:34:30Z Dbachmann 86857 Rohl is completely [[WP:UNDUE]] here. :''For a general discussion, see [[Egyptian chronology]]. For a similar list, see [[List of Pharaohs]].'' {{TOCright}} This is a '''Conventional Egyptian chronology'''. ==Introduction== This conventional [[chronology]] of the [[Pharaoh|rulers]] of [[History of Egypt|ancient Egypt]], taking into account well accepted developments during the 20th century but not including any of the major revision proposals that have also been made in that time. Even within a single work, often archeologists will offer several possible dates or even several whole chronologies as possibilities. Consequently, there may be discrepancies between dates shown here and in articles on particular rulers. Often there are also several possible spellings of the names. All dates are in the chronology are [[Anno Domini|BC]]. ===Sources=== * Predynastic Egypt is from [http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/ Late Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt]. * The dates of Dynasties 1 to 10 are from Baines and Malek, ''Atlas of Ancient Egypt'' (Oxford, 1980). * The dates of Dynasties 11 to 20 are from Kitchen, "The Basics of Egyptian Chronology in Relation to the Bronze Age", in Astrom (ed) ''High, Middle or Low'' (Gothengurg, 1987), taking his low chronology. * Ken Kitchen uses textual artifacts such as the form and sequence of the blessings and curses used to bind contracts, the price of slaves as mentioned in everything from cuneiform texts to the Bible in context with the political and cultural interactions of the Ancient Near East to get a range or spread of about a century plus or minus for his chronologies. * The dates of Dynasties 21 to 26 are from Kitchen, ''Third Intermediate Period in Egypt'' (1973, Warminster). :<small>(Ed., This information has been supplemented from ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'', edited by Ian Shaw (Oxford, 2000), and [http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ Digital Egypt for Universities], which was developed by [http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/ The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology].)</small> ;Note:There is a 60 year discrepancy between the dates proposed by these two authors. There is no attempt to remove this discrepancy in the combined chronology presented below. == [[Protodynastic Period of Egypt|Protodynastic Period]] == === [[Protodynastic Period of Egypt|Dynasty 0]] ''circa'' 3100–2920 === {{Protodynastic Pharaohs}} == [[Early Dynastic Period of Egypt|Early Dynastic Period]] == ===[[First dynasty of Egypt|1st Dynasty]] 2920-2770=== {{First Dynasty Pharaohs}} ===[[Second dynasty of Egypt|2nd Dynasty]] 2770-2650=== {{Second Dynasty Pharaohs}} == [[Old Kingdom of Egypt|Old Kingdom]] == ===[[Third dynasty of Egypt|3rd Dynasty]]=== *[[Sanakhte|Zanakht]] (Nebka?) 2649-2630 *[[Djoser]] (Netjerkhet) 2630-2611 *[[Sekhemkhet]] 2611-2603 *[[Khaba]] 2603-2599 *[[Huni]] (Horus Qahedjet?) 2599-2575 ===[[Fourth dynasty of Egypt|4th Dynasty]]=== *[[Sneferu]] 2575-2551 *[[Khufu]] (Cheops) 2551-2528 *Kawab *[[Djedefra|Djedefre]] 2528-2520 *[[Khafra|Khafre]] (Chephren) 2520-2494 *Bakare (Bikheris in later Greek-language sources) *[[Menkaura|Menkaure]] (Mycerinus) 2490-2472 *[[Shepseskaf]] 2472-2467 *[[Djedefptah]] (Thampthis in later Greek-language sources) ===[[Fifth dynasty of Egypt|5th Dynasty]]=== *[[Userkaf]] 2465-2458 *[[Sahure]] 2458-2446 *[[Neferirkare Kakai]] 2446-2426 *[[Shepseskare Isi]] 2426-2419 *[[Neferefre]] 2419-2416 *[[Nyuserre Ini]] 2416-2392 *[[Menkauhor Kaiu]] 2396-2388 *[[Djedkare Isesi|Djedkare Izezi]] 2388-2356 *[[Unas]] (Wenis) 2356-2323 ===[[Sixth dynasty of Egypt|6th Dynasty]]=== *[[Teti]] 2323-2291 *[[Userkare]] 2291-2289 *[[Pepi I Meryre]] 2289-2255 *[[Merenre Nemtyemsaf I]] 2255-2246 *[[Pepi II Neferkare]] 2246-2152 *[[Merenre Nemtyemsaf II]] 2152- *[[Neitiqerty Siptah]]/[[Nitocris|Nitiqreti]] ===[[Seventh dynasty of Egypt|7th Dynasty 2150-2134]]=== :In the kinglist summaries from the third century BC historian [[Manetho]], this is a group of 70 kings ruling 70 days: there is no evidence for this - it may be a later literary metaphor for chaos at the end of the Sixth Dynasty, chaos for which there is also no direct contemporary evidence. Budge, in ''The Nile'' (Thos. Cook and Sons, Egypt, 1902) lists VII, VIII, from Memphis IX and X from Herakleopolis together giving the cartouches. Baines and Ma'lik give the dates 7th/8th. ===[[Eighth dynasty of Egypt|8th Dynasty]]=== *[[Netjerkare|Netjerikare]] *[[Menkare]] *[[Neferkare II|Neferkare]] *[[Neferkare Neby]] *[[Djedkare Shemai]] *[[Neferkare Khendu]] *[[Merenhor]] *[[Neferkamin]] *[[Nikare]] *[[Neferkare Tereru]] *[[Neferkahor]] *[[Neferkare Pepiseneb]] *[[Neferkamin Anu]] *[[Qakare Ibi]] *[[Neferkaure II|Neferkawre Kha...]] *[[Neferkauhor|Neferkawhor Khuwihap]] *[[Neferirkare]] ===Kings with Unknown Position=== *[[Sekhemkare]] *[[Wadjkare]] *[[Ity]] *[[Iymhotep]] *[[Hotep ...re]] *[[Khui]] *[[Isu]] *[[Iytjenu]] ==[[First Intermediate Period of Egypt|First Intermediate Period 2134 - 2040]]== ===[[Ninth dynasty of Egypt|9th]] and [[Tenth dynasty of Egypt|10th]] Dynasties 2135-1986=== *[[Khety I]] *[[Neferkare]] *[[Khety II]] *[[Senen...]] *[[Khety III]] *[[Khety IV]] *[[Shed...y]] *[[H...]] *[[Wahkare Khety]] *[[Se...re Khety]] *[[Nebkawre Khety]] *[[Meryibre Khety]] *[[Merykare]] ===[[Eleventh dynasty of Egypt|11th Dynasty 2134-2040 ]]=== (Dates from Baines and Ma'lek) *[[Mentuhotep I|Montuhotep I]] 2080-2074 *[[Intef I|Inytoyef I]] (Sehertawy) 2074-2064 (2134-2118) *[[Intef II|Inyotef II]] (Wahankh) 2064-2015 (2118-2069) *[[Intef III|Inyotef III]] (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2015-2007 (2069-2061) *[[Montuhotep II]] 2007-1986 (2061-2010) ==[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom 2040 - 1640]]== ===[[Eleventh dynasty of Egypt|11th Dynasty]] (continued)=== : In Dynasty 11 from Thebes the Antefs first appear. : Control of Egypt shifts from the Delta to Thebes and Red Sea connections to Nub. * Erpa Antef (Erpa = hereditary prince) * hrw (mn?)| * hrw (Antef)| * hrw (Antef)| * hrw (?)| * Neter nefer (Antef)| * nswbt Sa Ra Antef * nswbt (Sa ra An naa)| * nswbt (Nub xepher Ra)| sa ra (Antwf)| * nswbt (kau ra)| * nswbt (Aba hrw ipw apu Ma3t)| sa ra (Antuf)| supporter of Horus the messenger who loves truth * nswbt (Aba rnpt ipwt Ma3t)| sa ra (Antfa)| youth of the messenger of truth son of the sun Antefa * nswbt se nfr ra * nswbt wsr s n ra * nswbt neb nem Ra * nswbt sa ra (mntu htp)|Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 2007-1986 (Ruled Lower Egypt.) * nswbt (saRa mnt htp)|Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986-1956 (United Upper and Lower Egypt.) * nswbt (neb htp ra)| sa ra (mnt htp)|Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956-1944 * nswbt (neb t3w)| sa ra (mnt htp)| Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944-1937 * nswbt (neb xeru)| sa ra (mnt htp)| * nswbt (s ankh ka ra)| ===Unknown Position=== *[[Intef Qakare]] *[[Iyibkhenetre]] *[[Segersen]] ===[[Twelfth dynasty of Egypt|12th Dynasty 1991 1783]]=== (Dates from Baines and Ma'lek cartouches from Budge) * nswbt (shtp ab ra)| sa ra (amn m ht)|[[Amenemhat I]] (Sehetepibre) 1937-1908 (1991-1962) * nswbt (hpr ka ra)| sa ra (wsr srt sn)| [[Senusret I|Senuseret I]] (Kheperkare) 1917-1872 (1971-1926) * nswbt (nub kau ra)| sa ra (wsr srt sn)|[[Amenemhat II]] (Nubkaure) 1875-1840 (1929-1892) * nswbt ( )| ( )| [[Senusret II|Senuseret II]] (Khakheperre) 1842-1836 (1897-1878) * nswbt ( )| ( )| [[Senusret III|Senuseret III]] (Khakaure) 1836-1817 (1878-1841) * nswbt (ma3t mht3 n ra)|sa ra(amn m ht)| [[Amenemhat III]] (Nimaartre) 1817-1772 (1844-1797) * nswbt (ma3t mht3 n ra)|sa ra(amn m ht)| [[Amenemhat IV]] (Maakherure) 1772-1763 (1799-1783) * nswbt (sebek nfru ra)| [[Neferusobek]] (Sobekkare) 1763-1759 (1787-1783) =[[Second Intermediate Period of Egypt|Second Intermediate Period]]= ===[[Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt|13th Dynasty]]=== 21 kings for about 63 years then *[[Neferhotep I|Neferhotep]] 1696-1685 *[[Sihathor]] 1685-1685 *[[Sobekhotep IV]] 1685-1678 *[[Sobekhotep V]] 1678-1674 *[[Iaib]] 1674-1664 *[[Merneferre Ai]] 1664-1641 Then 6 more kings for about 20 years ===[[Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt|14th Dynasty]]=== About 76 minor kings of the Delta, contemporary with the second half of the 13th dynasty. ===[[Hyksos]] [[Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt|15th Dynasty]] [[1633 BC|1633]]-[[1525 BC|1525]]=== *[[Salitis]] *[[Bnon]] *[[Khyan|Apachnan]] (Khyan) *[[Iannas]] (Ianassi son of Khyan) *[[Apepi I|Apophis]] (Auserre Apepi) *Assis ===[[Sinai]] [[Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt|16th Dynasty]]=== 32 minor kings contemporary with the 15th and 17th dynasties. ===[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]] [[Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt|17th Dynasty 1606-1539]]=== About 15 kings in all, contemporary with the 15th dynasty, the last three being *[[Tao I the Elder|Tao I]] (Senakhtenre) *[[Tao II the Brave|Tao II]] (Sekenenre) *[[Kamose]] (Wadjkheperre) =[[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]]= ===[[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt|18th Dynasty]]=== {{Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaohs}} ===[[Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt|19th Dynasty]]=== {{Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs}} ===[[Twentieth dynasty of Egypt|20th Dynasty]]=== {{Twentieth Dynasty Pharaohs}} =[[Third Intermediate Period]]= ==[[Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt|Tanite 21st Dynasty]]== *[[Smendes I]] (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 1069-1043 *[[Amenemnisu]] (Neferkare-hekawaset) 1043-1039 *[[Psusennes I]] (Akheperre-setepenamun) 1039-991 *[[Amenemope (pharaoh)|Amenemope]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 993-984 *[[Osorkon the Elder]] (Akheperre-setepenre) 984-978 *[[Siamun]] (Netjerkheperre-setepenre) 978-959 *[[Psusennes II|Har-Psusennes II]] (Tjekheperre-setepenre) 959-945 ==[[Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt|Theban 21st Dynasty]]== *[[Herihor]] 1080-1074 *[[Piankh]] 1074-1070 *[[Pinedjem I]] 1070-1032 *[[Masaherta|Masaharta]] 1054-1046 *[[Djedkhonsuefankh|Djedkonsefankh]] 1046-1045 *[[Menkheperre]] 1045-992 *[[Smendes II]] 992-990 *[[Pinedjem II]] 990-969 *[[Psusennes III]] 969-945 ==[[Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt|22nd Dynasty]]== *[[Shoshenq I]] (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 945-924 *[[Osorkon I]] (Sekhemkheperre-setepenre) 924-889 *[[Shoshenq II]] (Heqakheperre-setepenre) 889-887 *[[Takelot I]] (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 887-873 *[[Osorkon II]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 873-838 *[[Harsiese]] (Hedjkheperre-setepenamun) 860-850 *[[Shoshenq III]] (Usermaatre-setepenre/amun) 838-799 *[[Shoshenq IV]] (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 799-786 *[[Pami]] (Usermaatre-setepenre/amun) 786-779 *[[Shoshenq V]] (Akheperre) 779-740 *[[Osorkon IV]] (Akheperre-setepenamun) 740-720 ==[[Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt|23rd Dynasty]]== *[[Pedubastis I|Pedubast]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 818-793 *[[Iuput I]] 804-803 *[[Shoshenq VI]] (Usermaatre-meryamun) 793-787 *[[Osorkon III]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 787-759 *[[Takelot III]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 764-757 *[[Rudamun]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 757-754 *[[Iuput II]] (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 754-720 *[[Shoshenq VII]] (Wasneterre-setepenre) 720-715 ==[[Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt|24th Dynasty]]== {{Twenty-fourth Dynasty Pharaohs}} ==[[Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt|25th Dynasty]]== {{Twenty-fifth Dynasty Pharaohs}} ==[[Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt|Early Kings of Sais]] == *[[Ameris]] 715-695 *[[Tefnakht I]] 695-688 *[[Nekauba]] 688-672 *[[Necho I]] (Menkheperre) [[672 BC|672]] - [[664 BC|664]] = [[Late Period of Ancient Egypt|Late Period]] = ==[[Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt|26th Dynasty]] == *[[Psammetichus I]] (Wahibre) [[664 BC|664]] - [[610 BC|610]] *[[Necho II]] (Wehemibre) [[610 BC|610]] - [[595 BC|595]] *[[Psammetichus II]] (Neferibre) [[59 BC|595]] - [[589 BC|589]] *[[Apries]] (Haaibre) [[589 BC|589]] - [[570 BC|570]] *[[Amasis II]] (Khnemibre) [[570 BC|570]] - [[526 BC|526]] *[[Psammetichus III]] (Ankhkaenre) [[526 BC|526]] - [[525 BC|525]] [[Category:Egypt-related lists]] [[Category:Egyptology]] [[Category:Chronology]] [[Category:National timelines|Egypt]] [[Category:Timelines]] [[de:Liste der Pharaonen]] [[fr:Pharaons par ordre chronologique]] [[lb:Lëscht vun de Pharaonen]] [[nl:Koningen van Egypte]] [[pl:Egipt faraonów (tablica chronologiczna)]] [[ru:Список фараонов]]