Copedent 1619231 200853282 2008-03-25T18:27:30Z Rjwilmsi 203434 [[WP:AWB/T|Typo fixing]] , typos fixed: approximatly → approximately using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] '''Copedent''' is a table used to describe the tuning and pedal arrangement on a [[pedal steel guitar]]. The term was coined by [[Tom Bradshaw (musician)|Tom Bradshaw]] in an early 1970's article in [[Guitar Player]] magazine. It is short for "'''C'''h'''O'''rd '''PED'''al arrangem'''ENT'''". According to Bradshaw, the term is pronounced "co-PEE-dent". A complete copedent includes string gauges, and whether a string is plain or wound. A complete copedent also indicates the degree to which a string is altered, using "+" to indicate a half-step raise, and "-" to indicate a half-step lower. A standard E9 single-neck pedal steel guitar's copedent is charted below. Pedal steel players who play [[country music]] most often use an E9th tuning. The particular copedent first listed below is commonly referred to as an "Emmons set-up." Another common copedent, the "Day set-up," is almost identical, except that the functions of Pedal 1 and Pedal 3 are reversed. Another common copedent utilizes the C6th tuning. Most steelers use one or both of these two copedents. It is important to note, however, that many steelers create their own unique copedents. <table width="75%" border="1"> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>String</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>Gauge </b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>Pitch</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P1</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P2</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P3</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>LKL</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>V</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>LKR</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>RKL</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>RKR</b></u></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>1</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.012p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++G#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>2</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.015p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>D#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-D/--C#</b></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>3</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.011p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+A</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>4</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.014p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-D#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>5</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.018p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>B</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-A#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>6</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.022p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+A</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>--F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>7</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.026w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>8</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.030w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-D#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>9</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.034w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>D</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-C#</b></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>10</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.038w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>B</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-A#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> </table> Most pedal steel guitarists play steel guitars with two necks. These instruments use the E9 copedent shown above on the neck farther away from the player. The neck nearer to the player is tuned to C6, and five more pedals change the pitches of the strings on this neck, as shown below. Steel guitarists use the C6 neck for playing in a [[jazz]] or [[Western Swing]] idiom. The tuning makes it easier to play the more complex chord voicings commonly associated with these kinds of music, and the heavier strings contribute a "thicker" or "fatter" tone. <table width="75%" border="1"> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>String</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>Gauge </b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>Pitch</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P1</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P2</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P3</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P4</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P5</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P6</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P7</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P8</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>LKL</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>V</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>LKR</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>RKL</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>RKR</b></u></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>1</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.012p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+G#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>2</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.014p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>3</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.017p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>C</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++D</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-B</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+C#</b></font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>4</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.020p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>A</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++B</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++B</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-Ab</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+Bb</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>5</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.024w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-F#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>6</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.030w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-Eb</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>7</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.036w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>C</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+C#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>8</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.042w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>A</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++B</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>9</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.054w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>F</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-E</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>10</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.070w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>C</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++D</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>---A</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> </table> Pedal steelers refer to Pedal 8 as the "boo-wah" or "doo-wah" pedal, because of the sound the low C string makes when it drops the minor third to A. In an effort to combine the advantages of each tuning into a single-neck instrument, Jeff Newman (now deceased) developed a 12-string "universal tuning" in the mid 1970s using the E9th as the basic tuning. At approximately the same time, Maurice Anderson developed a 12-string "universal tuning", but the basic tuning was a Bb6th. Both steelers publicized their efforts, with the E9th "universal tuning" being the most commom employed today by those preferring to use a "universal tuning." <table width="75%" border="1"> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>String</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>Gauge </b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>Pitch</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P1</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P2</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P3</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P4</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P5</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P6</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P7</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>P8</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>LKL</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>V</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>LKR</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>RKL</b></u></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u><b>RKR</b></u></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>1</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.013p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+G</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+G</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>2</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.015p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>D#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-D</b></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>3</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.011p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+A</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>4</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.014p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+E</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-Eb</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>5</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.018p</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>B</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-Bb</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>6</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.022w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+A</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++A#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++A#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>7</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.026w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>F#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-F</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+G</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>8</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.030w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>--D</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-Eb</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>9</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.038w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>B</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+C</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-Bb</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+++D</b></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>10</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.046w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>G#</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+A</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++A#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>11</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.056w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>E</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>+F</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>-D#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>12</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>.068w</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>B</b></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>++C#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>---G#</b></font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> <td> <div align="center"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">-</font></font></div> </td> </tr> </table> The universal copedent is the set-up with the most variations from player to player. == External links == * [http://www.gfimusicalproducts.com/ GFI Musical Products] who produced the table above. * [http://steelguitarforum.com Steel Guitar Forum]. ** [http://steelguitarforum.com/Forum5/HTML/005642.html Article 005642] on the origin, meaning, and pronunciation of ''codepent'', including arbitration by Tom Bradshaw himself. * Particular codepents: ** [http://terrydownsmusic.com/technotes/TD_E9B6.HTM 12 string copedent] used by [[Terry Downs]]. ** [http://www.mightyfinemusic.com/Jeff/Basic%20Copedent.htm Basic C6th 10 string copedent]. ** [http://www.mightyfinemusic.com/Jeff/copedant.htm C6th 11 string copedent] used by [[Jeff Lampert]]. ** [http://www.gfimusicalproducts.com/Tables/Copedant%20Tables.htm GFI copedents]: C9th 10 string 8 pedal, E6th 10 string 8 pedal, C9th 10 string 3 pedal, universal 12 string 7 pedal. * [http://b0b.com/tunings/index.html Steel Guitar Tunings] at [[Bobby Lee (musician)|Bobby Lee]]'s website. * [http://www.skobrien.com/ChordFinder/ChordFinder.asp Copedent calculator] for 10 string C6th or E9th setups. * [http://www.b0b.com/infoedu/WellTemperedC6th.html Discussion] of [[mean tone]] copedents by [[Bobby Lee (musician)|Bobby Lee]]. [[Category:Guitars]]