Cosmos
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{{dablink|For other senses of this word, see [[cosmos (disambiguation)]].}}
[[Image:Ptolemaicsystem-small.png|thumb|The Ancient and Medieval cosmos as depicted in [[Peter Apian]]'s ''Cosmographia'' (Antwerp, 1539).]]
In its most general sense, a '''cosmos''' is an orderly or harmonious system. It originates from a [[Greek language|Greek]] term κόσμος meaning "order, orderly arrangement, ornaments," and is the antithetical concept of [[chaos]]. Today the word is generally used as a synonym of the word "[[Universe]]" (considered in its orderly aspect). The words [[cosmetics]] and [[cosmetology]] originate from the same root.
== Philosophy ==
[[Image:Hubble ultra deep field.jpg|thumb|The largest extent of the Universe so far, captured by Nasa]]
[[Pythagoras]] is said to have been the first philosopher to apply the term ''cosmos'' to the Universe, perhaps from application to the starry firmament.
[[Russian cosmism]] is a cosmocentric [[philosophy|philosophical]] and [[culture|cultural]] movement that emerged in [[Russia]] in the early 20th century.
== Theology ==
In [[theology]], the term can be used to denote the [[Creation (theology)|created]] Universe, not including the [[Creationism|creator]]. The [[Septuagint]] uses both ''kosmos'' and ''[[oikumene]]'' for the inhabited world. In Christian theology, the word was also used synonymously with ''[[aeon|aion]]'' to refer to "worldly life" or "this world" as opposed to the afterlife.
The ''cosmos'' as originated by Pythagoras is parallel to the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] term ''[[aša]]'', the concept of a divine order, or divinely ordered creation.
== Cosmology ==
{{main|Cosmology}}
[[Image:Universum.jpg|thumb|Universum – C. Flammarion, Holzschnitt, Paris 1888, Kolorit: Heikenwaelder Hugo, Wien 1998]]
Cosmology is the study of the cosmos in several of the above meanings, depending on context. All cosmologies have in common an attempt to understand the implicit order within the whole of being. In this way, most religions and philosophical systems have a cosmology.
[[Image:WMAP 2003.png|thumb|left|Image of distribution of the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]] 700,000 years after the [[Big Bang]], generally assumed to have occurred about 13,700,000,000 years ago.]]
In [[physical cosmology]], the term ''cosmos'' is often used in a technical way, referring to a particular [[space-time]] continuum within the (postulated) [[multiverse]]. Our particular cosmos is generally capitalized as the ''Cosmos''.
==New Age philosophy==
The philosopher [[Ken Wilber]] uses the term ''kosmos'' to refer to all of [[Manifestation|manifest]] existence, including various realms of [[higher consciousness|consciousness]]. The term ''kosmos'' so used distinguishes a [[nondual]] Universe (which, in his view, includes both [[noetic]] and [[nature|physical]] aspects) from the strictly physical Universe that is the concern of the traditional sciences.
==See also==
*[[Russian cosmism|Cosmism]]
*[[Cosmogram]]
*[[Cosmology]]
*[[Cosmography]]
*[[Macrocosm and microcosm]]
*[[Cosmos: A Personal Voyage|Cosmos]] ([[Carl Sagan]]'s [[television]] [[Documentary film|documentary]] series)
==External links==
* [http://www.shekpvar.net/~dna/Publications/Cosmos/cosmos.html Cosmos - an Illustrated Dimensional Journey from microcosmos to macrocosmos] - from Digital Nature Agency
*[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhiana.cgi?id=dv3-16 Macrocosm and Microcosm], in ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas''
*[http://www.eocosmos.org/ Encyclopedia of Cosmos]
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