Crawford Long 347774 226009911 2008-07-16T12:44:07Z Demophon 1837101 {{Infobox Scientist |name = {{PAGENAME}} |box_width = |image =CrawfordLong.jpg |image_size =250px |caption = {{PAGENAME}} |birth_date = [[November 1]], [[1815]] |birth_place = [[Danielsville, Georgia|Danielsville]] |death_date = [[June 16]], [[1878]] |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[United States]] |ethnicity = |field = [[medicine]] |work_institutions = |alma_mater = [[University of Pennsylvania]] |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[anesthesia]] induced by [[diethyl ether|ether]] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} '''Crawford Williamson Long''' ([[November 1]], [[1815]] – [[June 16]], [[1878]]) was an American [[physician]] and [[pharmacist]]. He was born in [[Danielsville, Georgia|Danielsville]], [[Madison County, Georgia|Madison County]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. He received his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] degree at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1839. He performed the first [[surgical operation]] in general [[anesthesia]] induced by [[diethyl ether|ether]]. Although [[William T.G. Morton]] is well-known for performing his historic anesthesia on October 16, 1846 in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], C.W. Long is now known to be the first to have used an ether-based anesthesia. [[William T.G. Morton]] is now sometimes credited as performing the first "public" demonstration of [[diethyl ether|ether]] as a surgical anesthetic, however this is also erroneous as Dr. Long publicly demonstrated the use of [[diethyl ether|ether]] as a surgical anesthetic on numerous occasions before 1846. In 1854, Long requested [[William Crosby Dawson]], U.S. Senator, to present his claims to the attention of Congress [http://books.google.com/books?id=Rg8ZD0XhkRMC&pg=PA135&dq=%22william+c.+dawson%22#PPA135,M1]. After observing the same effects with ether that were already described by [[Humphry Davy]] in 1800 with nitrous oxide, C.W. Long used ether the first time on March 30, [[1842]] to remove a [[tumor]] from the neck of his patient, Mr. James M. Venable. Long subsequently removed a second tumor from Venable and used ether anesthesia in amputations and childbirth. The results of these trials were published several years later (in 1848), in [[The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal]]. An original copy of his publication is held in the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]]. He was a member of the [[Demosthenian Literary Society]] while a student at the [[University of Georgia]] and shared a room with [[Alexander Stephens]], [[Vice President]] of the [[Confederate States of America]] during the [[American Civil War]]. Long was a cousin of the famous western legend [[Doc Holliday]]. He died in [[Athens, Georgia]]. [[Long County, Georgia]] and [[Emory University]]'s [[Crawford Long Hospital]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]] are named in his honor. The Crawford W. Long Museum in downtown [[Jefferson, Georgia]], has been in operation since 1957. A statue of Crawford Long currently stands in the crypt of the [[United States Capitol]] as one of the two designated to represent the state of Georgia. ==References== *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=Crawford |first=W M |authorlink= |year=[[1984]]|month=Feb. |title=More on the ether operation |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=310 |issue=8 |pages=534 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 6363934 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |year=[[1965]]|month=Nov. |title=Crawford W. Long (1815-1878) discoverer of ether for anesthesia |journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]] |volume=194 |issue=9 |pages=1008-9 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 5321288 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=Das |first=Sakti |authorlink= |coauthors=Nation Earl F |year=[[2004]]|month=Sep. |title=Hugh Hampton Young, the anesthesiologist |journal=[[Urology]] |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=628-30 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 15351622 |doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.057 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=Keys |first=T E |authorlink= |year=|month= |title=Historical vignettes. Dr. Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1878) |journal=[[Anesth. Analg.]] |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=865 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 4564633 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} ==External links== *[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7311270 Find-A-Grave Profile for Crawford Williamson Long] {{DEFAULTSORT:Long, Crawford}} [[Category:American physicians]] [[Category:Anesthesiologists]] [[Category:University of Georgia alumni]] [[Category:History of Atlanta, Georgia]] [[Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:1815 births]] [[Category:1878 deaths]] {{US-med-bio-stub}} [[cs:Crawford Long]] [[de:Crawford Williamson Long]] [[fr:Crawford Long]] [[it:Crawford Long]] [[pt:Crawford Long]] [[sl:Crawford Long]] [[sv:Crawford Long]]