Crawford Long
347774
226009911
2008-07-16T12:44:07Z
Demophon
1837101
{{Infobox Scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|box_width =
|image =CrawfordLong.jpg
|image_size =250px
|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|birth_date = [[November 1]], [[1815]]
|birth_place = [[Danielsville, Georgia|Danielsville]]
|death_date = [[June 16]], [[1878]]
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[United States]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[medicine]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[anesthesia]] induced by [[diethyl ether|ether]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
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'''Crawford Williamson Long''' ([[November 1]], [[1815]] – [[June 16]], [[1878]]) was an American [[physician]] and [[pharmacist]].
He was born in [[Danielsville, Georgia|Danielsville]], [[Madison County, Georgia|Madison County]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. He received his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] degree at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1839. He performed the first [[surgical operation]] in general [[anesthesia]] induced by [[diethyl ether|ether]].
Although [[William T.G. Morton]] is well-known for performing his historic anesthesia on October 16, 1846 in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], C.W. Long is now known to be the first to have used an ether-based anesthesia. [[William T.G. Morton]] is now sometimes credited as performing the first "public" demonstration of [[diethyl ether|ether]] as a surgical anesthetic, however this is also erroneous as Dr. Long publicly demonstrated the use of [[diethyl ether|ether]] as a surgical anesthetic on numerous occasions before 1846. In 1854, Long requested [[William Crosby Dawson]], U.S. Senator, to present his claims to the attention of Congress [http://books.google.com/books?id=Rg8ZD0XhkRMC&pg=PA135&dq=%22william+c.+dawson%22#PPA135,M1].
After observing the same effects with ether that were already described by [[Humphry Davy]] in 1800 with nitrous oxide, C.W. Long used ether the first time on March 30, [[1842]] to remove a [[tumor]] from the neck of his patient, Mr. James M. Venable. Long subsequently removed a second tumor from Venable and used ether anesthesia in amputations and childbirth. The results of these trials were published several years later (in 1848), in [[The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal]]. An original copy of his publication is held in the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]].
He was a member of the [[Demosthenian Literary Society]] while a student at the [[University of Georgia]] and shared a room with [[Alexander Stephens]], [[Vice President]] of the [[Confederate States of America]] during the [[American Civil War]]. Long was a cousin of the famous western legend [[Doc Holliday]]. He died in [[Athens, Georgia]].
[[Long County, Georgia]] and [[Emory University]]'s [[Crawford Long Hospital]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]] are named in his honor. The Crawford W. Long Museum in downtown [[Jefferson, Georgia]], has been in operation since 1957.
A statue of Crawford Long currently stands in the crypt of the [[United States Capitol]] as one of the two designated to represent the state of Georgia.
==References==
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Crawford
|first=W M
|authorlink=
|year=[[1984]]|month=Feb.
|title=More on the ether operation
|journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]]
|volume=310
|issue=8
|pages=534
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 6363934
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|year=[[1965]]|month=Nov.
|title=Crawford W. Long (1815-1878) discoverer of ether for anesthesia
|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]]
|volume=194
|issue=9
|pages=1008-9
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 5321288
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Das
|first=Sakti
|authorlink=
|coauthors=Nation Earl F
|year=[[2004]]|month=Sep.
|title=Hugh Hampton Young, the anesthesiologist
|journal=[[Urology]]
|volume=64
|issue=3
|pages=628-30
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 15351622
|doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.057
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Keys
|first=T E
|authorlink=
|year=|month=
|title=Historical vignettes. Dr. Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1878)
|journal=[[Anesth. Analg.]]
|volume=51
|issue=6
|pages=865
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4564633
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
==External links==
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7311270 Find-A-Grave Profile for Crawford Williamson Long]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Long, Crawford}}
[[Category:American physicians]]
[[Category:Anesthesiologists]]
[[Category:University of Georgia alumni]]
[[Category:History of Atlanta, Georgia]]
[[Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
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