Cromoglicate
1309012
224230476
2008-07-07T22:19:16Z
72.231.188.163
/* Mechanism of action */
{{drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 5-(3-(6-carboxy-8-oxo-5,8-dihydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)<br>-2-hydroxypropoxy)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid
| image = Cromoglicate.png
| CAS_number = 16110-51-3
| ATC_prefix = R03
| ATC_suffix = BC01
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R01|AC01}} {{ATC|A07|EB01}}
| PubChem = 27686
| DrugBank = APRD00336
| C=23 | H=16 | O=11
| molecular_weight = 468.367 g/mol
| bioavailability = 1%
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life = 1.3 hours
| excretion =
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
| legal_CA =
| legal_UK = <!-- see expanded description below -->
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
| legal_status = inhaler POM, eye OTC<small>([[United Kingdom|UK]])</small>
| routes_of_administration = topical: oral, nasal spray, inhaled, eye drops
}}
'''Cromoglicate''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|INN]]) (also referred to as '''cromolyn''' ([[USAN]]) or '''cromoglycate''' (former [[British Approved Name|BAN]])) is traditionally described as a [[mast cell stabilizer]], and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt '''sodium cromoglicate''' or '''cromolyn sodium'''. This drug prevents the release of [[inflammation|inflammatory]] chemicals such as [[histamine]] from [[mast cell]]s.
==Uses==
It is available as a nasal spray (Rynacrom(UK), Nasalcrom, Prevalin (Netherlands)) to treat [[allergic rhinitis]], as an inhaler (Intal) for preventive management of [[asthma]], as [[eye drop]]s (Opticrom and Optrex Allergy (UK), Crolom) for [[allergic conjunctivitis]], or in an oral form (Gastrocrom) to treat [[mastocytosis]], [[dermatographic urticaria]] and [[ulcerative colitis]]<!-- see DrugBank link above-->.
Sodium cromoglicate has also been shown to reduce symptoms of food allergies, including some cases of chronic migraines.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
==Mechanism of action==
"Cromolyn works because it prevents the release of mediators that would normally attract inflammatory cells and because it stabilizes the inflammatory cells."<ref>Werner's Pathophysiology page 224</ref>
The underlying [[mechanism of action]] is not fully understood; for while cromoglicate stabilizes mast cells, this mechanism is probably not why it works in asthma.<ref name="rang">H. P. Rang et al, ''Pharmacology'', Fifth Edition. (2003) ISBN 0 443 07145 4</ref> Pharmaceutical companies have produced 20 related compounds that are equally or more potent at stabilising mast cells and none of them have shown any anti-asthmatic effect.<ref name="rang"/> It is more likely that these work by inhibiting the response of sensory C fibres to the irritant [[capsaicin]], inhibiting local axon reflexes involved in asthma, and may inhibit the release of preformed T cell cytokines and mediators involved in asthma. (see review by Garland, 1991)
==Allergic reactions==
Allegic reactions may include severe rash internally and externally.
It is known to somewhat inhibit [[chloride channels]] (37% +/- 7%) <ref>{{cite journal
| quotes =
| first = S
| last = Heinke
| coauthors = Szucs G, Norris A, Droogmans G, Nilius B
| year = 1995
| month = August
| title = Inhibition of volume-activated chloride currents in endothelial cells by chromones
| journal = Br J Pharmacol.
| volume = 115(8)
| pages = 1393–8
| pmid = 8564197
}}</ref> and thus ''may'' inhibit the:
* exaggerated neuronal reflexes triggered by stimulation of irritant receptors on sensory nerve endings (e.g. exercise-induced asthma)
* release of preformed [[cytokines]] from several type of inflammatory cells ([[T cell]]s, [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]]) in allergen-induced asthma
Note: Another chemical (NPPB (5-nitro-2(3-phenyl) propylamino-benzoic acid)) was shown, in the same study, to be a more effective chloride channel blocker.
Finally it may act by inhibiting calcium influx.<!-- see DrugBank link above-->
Cromoglicate is classified as a [[chromone]].
==References==
<references/>
{{Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents}}
{{Nasal preparations}}
{{Asthma and copd rx}}
[[Category:Mast cell stabilizers]]
{{pharma-stub}}
[[de:Cromoglicinsäure]]
[[it:Sodio cromoglicato]]
[[pl:Kromoglikan dwusodowy]]
[[pt:Cromoglicato]]