Cumberland 209325 215900002 2008-05-30T05:09:45Z Lightmouse 4469495 Units/dates/other using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] {{otheruses}} {{infobox historic subdivision| |Name= Cumberland |HQ= Carlisle |Status= [[Administrative county]] (1889-1974)<br>[[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]] (until 1974) |Origin= [[Historic counties of England|Historic]] |Start= In antiquity |End= |Replace= [[Cumbria]] |CodeName= [[Chapman code]] |Code= CUL |Government= Cumberland County Council (1889-1974) |Divisions= Wards (ancient) |PopulationFirst= 265,746<ref name=vision_pop>Vision of Britain - [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10134810&c_id=10001043&add=N Cumberland population] ([http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_rate_page.jsp?u_id=10134810&c_id=10001043&data_theme=T_POP&id=0 density] and [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_A&u_id=10134810&c_id=10001043&add=Y area])</ref> |PopulationFirstYear= 1911 |PopulationLast= 294,303<ref name=vision_pop/> |PopulationLastYear= 1961 |AreaFirst= {{convert|969490|acre|km2}}<ref name=census_1831>1831 Census cited in [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/table_page.jsp?tab_id=GB1831ABS_M%5B1%5D&u_id=10001043&show=DB&min_c=1&max_c=5 Vision of Britain] - Ancient county data</ref> |AreaFirstYear= 1831 |AreaSecond= {{convert|973086|acre|km2}}<ref name=vision_pop/> |AreaSecondYear= 1911 |AreaLast= {{convert|973146|acre|km2}}<ref name=vision_pop/> |AreaLastYear= 1961 |DensityFirst= 0.27/acre |DensityLast= 0.3/acre |DensityFirstYear= 1911 |DensityLastYear= 1961 |Arms= [[Image:arms-cumberland.jpg|150px|Arms of the former Cumberland County Council|{{deletable image-caption|1=Wednesday, 5 March 2008}}]]<br>''Arms of Cumberland County Council'' |Civic= |Map= [[Image:EnglandCumberlandTrad.png]]<br>''Ancient extent of Cumberland'' |DivisionsMap= }} '''Cumberland''' is one of the 39 [[historic counties of England]]. It formed an [[Administrative counties of England|administrative county]] from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1915) and now forms part of [[Cumbria]]. ==Early history== At the time of the [[Domesday Book]] in 1086 most of the county was part of [[Scotland]] although some villages in the far south west were included in the [[Yorkshire]] section with the [[Furness]] region. The historic county boundaries formed by the 12th Century were with [[Northumberland]] and [[County Durham]] to the east, [[Westmorland]] to the south, the [[Furness]] part of [[Lancashire]] to the south-west, [[Dumfriesshire]] in [[Scotland]] to the north and [[Roxburghshire]] in Scotland to the north-east. [[Ullswater]] formed part of the border with Westmorland. The highest point of the county is [[Scafell Pike]] at 978 m (3,208 ft); it is the highest [[mountain]] in England. [[Carlisle]] is the historic [[county town]] of the county. ===Division into wards=== The county was divided into five [[ward (politics)|ward]]s, rather than the [[hundred (division)|hundred]]s found in most English counties. The wards were: *[[Allerdale above Derwent]] *[[Allerdale below Derwent]] *[[Cumberland (ward)|Cumberland]] *[[Eskdale (ward)|Eskdale]] *[[Leath]] ==Modern history== In 1889, under the [[Local Government Act 1888]], a county council was created for Cumberland, taking over administrative functions from the [[Quarter Sessions]]. The [[Local Government Act 1894]] further divided the county into urban districts and rural districts. Carlisle was created a [[county borough]] in 1915 and no longer formed part of the area under the control of the county council, or [[administrative county]]. In 1974, under the [[Local Government Act 1972]], the administrative county and county borough were abolished and their former area was combined with [[Westmorland]] and parts of [[Lancashire]] and the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]] to form the new county of [[Cumbria]]. The area from Cumberland went on to form the districts of [[City of Carlisle|Carlisle]], [[Allerdale]], [[Copeland, Cumbria|Copeland]] and part of [[Eden, Cumbria|Eden]]. The distribution of population in 1971 was as follows: <ref>1971 Census; Small Area Statistics</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !District||Population |- |[[County Borough of Carlisle]] || 71,580 |- |[[Cockermouth Urban District]] || 6,366 |- |[[Keswick Urban District]] || 5,184 |- |[[Maryport Urban District]] || 11,612 |- |[[Penrith Urban District]] || 11,308 |- |[[Whitehaven Urban District]] || 26,721 |- |[[Municipal Borough of Workington]] || 28,431 |- |[[Alston with Garrigill Rural District]] || 1,917 |- |[[Border Rural District]] || 29,267 |- |[[Cockermouth Rural District]] || 21,520 |- |[[Ennerdale Rural District]] || 30,983 |- |[[Millom Rural District]] || 14,088 |- |[[Penrith Rural District]] || 11,380 |- |[[Wigton Rural District]] || 21,830 |} ==Legacy== [[Image:Gray1824.cumberland.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Map of Cumberland, 1824]] The name continues in use as a geographical and cultural term, and survives in [[Cumberland sausages]], [[Cumberland County Cricket Club]] and various organisations and companies, such as the local newspapers ''The Cumberland News'', and ''The West Cumberland Times and Star'', and the ''[[Cumberland Building Society]]''. In June 1994, during the [[1990s UK local government reform]], the Local Government Commission published draft recommendations, suggesting as one option a North Cumbria [[unitary authority]] (also including [[Appleby-in-Westmorland|Appleby]], the historic county town of Westmorland). It also suggested that Cumberland could be reinstated as an independent [[ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county]]. The final recommendations, published in October 1994, did not include such recommendations, apparently due to lack of expression of support for the proposal to the commission. As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity [[Plantlife]] chose the [[Parnassia palustris|Grass-of-Parnassus]] as the [[county flower]]. Parnassus flowers had been associated with the county since 1951, when they were included in the [[coat of arms]] granted to the Cumberland County Council. They subsequently featured in the arms granted to Cumbria County Council and [[Copeland, Cumbria|Copeland Borough Council]], in both cases to represent Cumberland. ==Bibliography== * ''Cumberland [[Heritage]]'' by [[Molly Lefebure]] (Chapters include Camden, Briathwaite, Millbeck, Fellwalkers, [[Carlisle]] Canal, Armboth, [[John Peel]] (Farmer) and The [[Blencathra]]), with endpaper maps of old Cumberland. <ref> Detail taken from a copy of ''Cumberland [[Heritage]]'' published by Victor Gollancz [[London]] in 1970 with an ISBN of 0 575 00376 6 </ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/CUL/Gaz1868.html CUMBERLAND, England - History and Description, 1868] {{England counties}} [[Category:Cumberland| ]] [[Category:Historic counties of England]] [[Category:History of Cumbria]] [[Category:Former administrative counties]] [[de:Cumberland (England)]] [[es:Cumberland]] [[eo:Cumberland]] [[fr:Cumberland (comté)]] [[it:Cumberland (Inghilterra)]] [[pl:Cumberland (Anglia)]] [[ro:Cumberland]] [[ru:Камберленд (графство)]] [[sk:Cumberland (Anglicko)]] [[sv:Cumberland]]