Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
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{{Infobox_Scientist
|name = Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
|image = Replace this image male.svg
|image_width =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1897|6|19}}
|birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
|residence =
|nationality =
|death_date = {{death date and age|1967|10|9|1897|6|19}}
|death_place =
|field = [[physical chemistry]]
|work_institution = [[University of Oxford]]
|alma_mater = [[Oxford University]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =
|prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] [[Image:Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg|20px]]
|religion =
|footnotes =
}}'''Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood''' [[Order of Merit|OM]] [[Royal Society|FRS]] ([[June 19]], [[1897]] – [[October 9]], [[1967]]) was an [[England|English]] [[physical chemist]].
Born in [[London]], his parents were Norman Macmillan Hinshelwood, a chartered accountant, and Ethe Frances née Smith. He was educated first in [[Canada]], returning in 1905 on the death of his father to a small flat in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] where he lived for the rest of his life. He then studied at [[Westminster City School]] and [[Balliol College]], [[Oxford University]].
During the [[World War I|First World War]], Hinshelwood was a [[chemist]] in an [[explosives]] factory. He was a [[tutor]] at [[Trinity College, Oxford|Trinity College]] from 1921 to 1937 and was Dr Lee’s Professor of [[Chemistry]] at the [[University of Oxford]] from 1937. He served on several Advisory Councils on scientific matters to the [[British Government]]. He was elected Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in 1929, serving as President from 1955 to 1960. He was [[knighted]] in 1948 and appointed to the [[Order of Merit]] in 1960.
His early studies of molecular [[chemical kinetics|kinetics]] led to the publication of ''Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry'' and ''The Kinetics of Chemical Change'' in [[1926]]. With [[Harold Warris Thompson]] he studied the explosive reaction of [[Hydrogen]] and [[Oxygen]] and described the phenomenon of [[chain reaction]]. His subsequent work on chemical changes in the bacterial cell proved to be of great importance in later research work on [[antibiotics]] and therapeutic agents, and his book, ''The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell'' was published in [[1946]], followed by ''Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells'' in [[1966]]. In 1951 he published ''The Structure of Physical Chemistry''. It was republished as an Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences by Oxford University Press in 2005.
With [[Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov|Nikolay Semenov]] of the USSR, Hinshelwood was jointly awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1956 for his researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.
Sir Cyril was President of the [[Chemical Society]] and of the [[Faraday Society]], and gained many awards and honorary degrees.
Sir Cyril never married. He was fluent in many languages and his main hobbies were painting, collecting [[China (pottery)|Chinese pottery]], and foreign literature. He died, at home, on [[9 October]], [[1967]].
==See also==
* [[E. J. Bowen]], a contemporary [[Oxford University|Oxford]] chemist
==References==
*{{cite journal
| title = Obituary: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, KT., O.M., M.A., D.SC., F.R.S., 1897–1967
| author = C. F. Cullis
| journal = Journal Chemical Society
| volume =
| issue =
| pages = X001–X002
| year = 1967
| url =
| doi = 10.1039/JR945000X001}}
*{{cite journal
| title = Cyril Norman Hinshelwood. 1897-1967
| author = Harold Thompson
| journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
| volume = 19
| issue =
| pages = 374–431
| year = 1973
| url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4606%28197312%2919%3C374%3ACNH1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O
| doi =10.1098/rsbm.1973.0015 }}
*{{cite journal
| title = The wartime work of Hinshelwood and his colleagues
| author = J. S. Rowlinson
| journal = Science
| volume = 58
| issue = 2
| pages = 161–175
| year = 2004
| url =
| doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2004.0050}}
==External links==
* Hinshelwood's [http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1956/hinshelwood-bio.html Nobel Foundation biography]
* Hinshelwood's Nobel Lecture [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1956/hinshelwood-lecture.html Chemical Kinetics in the Past Few Decades]
* [http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Browse2.tcl&dsqItem=CH&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqKey=RefNo Hinshelwood Archives at the Royal Society]
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{Royal Society presidents 1900s}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hinshelwood, Cyril}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:People from London]]
[[Category:Physical chemists]]
[[Category:English chemists]]
[[Category:English physicists]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]
[[Category:English Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:British academics]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]]
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