Cyrillic alphabet
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Laveol
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Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/82.117.205.201|82.117.205.201]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]])
{{Refimprove|date=July 2007}}
{{Infobox WS |name=Cyrillic alphabet
|type=[[Alphabet]]
|time=[[early Cyrillic alphabet|Earliest variants]] exist circa 940
|languages=Many East and South [[Slavic languages]], and almost all languages in the former [[Soviet Union]] (see [[Languages using Cyrillic]])
|fam1=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam2=[[Greek alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Glagolitic alphabet]]
|fam4=[[Early Cyrillic alphabet]]
|sisters=[[Latin alphabet]]<br>[[Coptic alphabet]]<br>[[Armenian alphabet]]
|unicode= U+0400 to U+04FF <br>U+0500 to U+052F <br>U+2DE0 to U+2DFF <br>U+A640 to U+A69F
|iso15924=Cyrl <br>Cyrs (Old Church Slavonic variant)
|sample=Romanian-kirilitza-tatal-nostru.jpg
}}
The '''Cyrillic alphabet''' ({{pronEng|səˈrɪlɪk}}; also called ''azbuka'', from the old name of the first two letters) is actually a family of [[alphabets]], subsets of which are used by six [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] [[national language]]s ([[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]) as well as non-Slavic ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Uzbek Language|Uzbek]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]] and [[Tajik language|Tajik]] of the former [[Soviet Union]], and [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]). It is also used by many other languages of [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Caucasus]], [[Siberia]] and other languages in the past. Not all letters in the Cyrillic alphabet are used in every language that is written with it.
The alphabet has official status with many organisations. With the [[accession of Bulgaria to the European Union]] on [[1 January]] [[2007]], Cyrillic became the third official alphabet of the [[EU]].
== History ==
[[Image:Azbuka 1574 by Ivan Fyodorov.jpg|left|thumb|A page from Azbuka, the first [[Russia]]n textbook, printed by [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)|Ivan Fyodorov]] in 1574. This page features the Cyrillic alphabet.]]
{{main|Early Cyrillic alphabet}}
The layout of the [[early Cyrillic alphabet]] shares a common root with the [[ninth-century]] [[Glagolitic alphabet]]<ref>Encyclopedia Britannica, ''Glagolitic alphabet'', 2008, O.Ed., citation: "''it is probably closely related to the Cyrillic alphabet. Slavic tradition is generally inconsistent as to which script to attribute to the Eastern Orthodox “apostle to the Slavs,” St. Cyril (or Constantine). Although dissimilar to Cyrillic in letter form, Glagolitic had approximately the same number of letters as Cyrillic and identical sound values for the letters; this implies a common origin for the two systems''."</ref>, which was based on the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] uncial script and the [[Latin alphabet]]. The original mother letter-forms are closely related to [[uncial]] (''ustav'') [[cursive]] Greek. [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]] are usually credited with the Glagolitic alphabet's development.{{alphabet}}
Although it is widely accepted that the Glagolitic alphabet was invented by [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]], the origins of the early Cyrillic alphabet are still a source of much controversy. It has been attributed to Saint [[Clement of Ohrid]], disciple of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius and founder of [[Ohrid Literary School]] in southwestern [[Bulgaria]]. Recent studies have suggested that the Cyrillic alphabet was more likely developed at the [[Preslav Literary School]] in northeastern [[Bulgaria]].
Among the reasons for the replacement of the Glagolitic with the Cyrillic alphabet is the greater simplicity and ease of use of the latter and its closeness with the Bulgar and Greek alphabets, which were widely in use among the population of the [[Bulgarian Empire]].
There are also other theories regarding the origins of the Cyrillic alphabet, namely that the alphabet was created by Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius themselves, or that it preceded the Glagolitic alphabet, representing a "transitional" stage between Greek and Glagolitic cursive, but these have been disproved. Although Cyril is almost certainly not the author of the Cyrillic alphabet, his contributions to the Glagolitic and hence to the Cyrillic alphabet are still recognised, as the latter is named after him.
The alphabet was disseminated along with the [[Old Church Slavonic]] [[liturgical language]], and the alphabet used for modern [[Church Slavonic language]] in [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic]] rites still resembles early Cyrillic. However, over the following ten centuries, the Cyrillic alphabet adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reforms and political decrees. Today, [[Languages using Cyrillic|dozens of languages]] in Eastern Europe and Asia are written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
As the Cyrillic alphabet spread throughout the East and South Slavic territories, it was adopted for writing local languages, such as [[Old East Slavic language|Old Ruthenian]]. Its adaptation to the characteristics of local languages led to the development of its many modern variants, below.
{| cellpadding=4 style="font-size:larger; text-align:center;" class="Unicode" summary="Letters of the Early Cyrillic alphabet"
|+ style="font-size:smaller;" | The Early Cyrillic alphabet
|-
| [[А]] || [[Б]] || [[В]] || [[Г]] || [[Д]] || [[Є]] || [[Ж]] || [[Ѕ]] || [[З]] || [[И]] || [[І]]
|-
| [[К]] || [[Л]] || [[М]] || [[Н]] || [[О]] || [[П]] || [[Ҁ]] || [[Р]] || [[С]] || [[Т]] || [[Ѹ]]
|-
| [[Ф]] || [[Х]] || [[Ѡ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Ѣ]]
|-
| [[Ю]] || [[ІА]] || [[Ѧ]] || [[Ѩ]] || [[Ѫ]] || [[Ѭ]] || [[Ѯ]] || [[Ѱ]] || [[Ѳ]] || [[Ѵ]] || [[Ѥ]]
|}
Capital and lowercase letters were not distinguished in old manuscripts.
[[Image:Meletius Smotrisky Cyrillic Alphabet.PNG|thumb|A page from the ''Church Slavonic Grammar'' of [[Meletius Smotrytsky]] (1619).]]
Yeri (Ы) was originally a [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] of Yer and I (ЪІ). [[Iotation]] was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter I: [[ІА]] (ancestor of modern ya, я), {{Unicode|Ѥ}}, Ю (ligature of I and ОУ), {{Unicode|Ѩ}}, {{Unicode|Ѭ}}. Many letters had variant forms and commonly-used ligatures, for example И=І=Ї, {{Unicode|Ѡ}}={{Unicode|Ѻ}}, ОУ={{Unicode|Ѹ}}, {{Unicode|ѠТ}}={{Unicode|Ѿ}}.
The letters also had numeric values, based not on the native Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from the letters' [[Greek numerals|Greek ancestors]].
{| cellpadding=4 style="text-align:center;" class="Unicode" summary="Letters of the Early Cyrillic alphabet"
|+ [[Cyrillic numerals]]
|-
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9
|-
| А || В || Г || Д || Є || Ѕ || З || И || Ѳ
|-
|colspan="9"|
|-
| 10|| 20|| 30|| 40|| 50|| 60|| 70|| 80|| 90
|-
| І || К || Л || М || Н || Ѯ || О || П || Ч
|-
|colspan="9"|
|-
|100||200||300||400||500||600||700||800||900
|-
| Р || С || Т || Ѹ || Ф || Х || Ѱ || Ѡ || Ц
|}
The early Cyrillic alphabet is difficult to represent on computers. Many of the letterforms differed from modern Cyrillic, varied a great deal in [[manuscript]]s, and changed over time. Few fonts include adequate [[glyph]]s to reproduce the alphabet. The current [[Unicode]] standard does not represent some significant letterform variations, and omits some characters, such as Cyrillic dotless I, iotified [[Yat]], abbreviated [[Yer]] (''Yerok''), and many [[Ligature (typography)|ligatures]].
The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on [[April 4]], [[2008]], greatly improves computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern [[Church Slavonic]] language.
== Letter-forms and typography ==
The development of Cyrillic [[typography]] passed directly from the [[medieval]] stage to the late [[Baroque]], without a [[Renaissance]] phase as in [[Western Europe]]. Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (still found on many [[icon]] inscriptions even today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow; strokes are often shared between adjacent letters.
[[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]], Tsar of Russia, mandated the use of westernized letter forms in the early eighteenth century. Over time, these were largely adopted in the other languages that use the alphabet. Thus, unlike modern Greek fonts that retained their own set of design principles (such as the placement of [[serif]]s, the shapes of stroke ends, and stroke-thickness rules), modern Cyrillic fonts are much the same as modern Latin fonts of the same font family. The development of some Cyrillic computer typefaces from Latin ones has also contributed to the visual Latinization of Cyrillic type.
Cyrillic [[Capital letters|uppercase]] and [[Lower case|lowercase]] letter-forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. Upright Cyrillic lowercase letters are essentially [[small caps|small capitals]] (with the few exceptions: "а", "е", "p", "y" adopted Western lowercase shapes, lowercase "ф" is typically designed under the influence of "p", lowercase "Б" is "б", one of traditional hand-written forms), although a good-quality Cyrillic typeface will still include separate small caps glyphs.<ref>Bringhurst (2002) writes "in Cyrillic, the difference between normal lower case and small caps is more subtle than it is in the Latin or Greek alphabets,..." (p 32) and "in most Cyrillic faces, the lower case is close in color and shape to Latin small caps" (p 107).</ref>
[[Image:Cyrillic upright-cursive.png|frame|right|Comparison of some upright and hand-written letters (Ge, De, I, I kratkoye, Em, Te and Tse. Top row is set in Georgia font, bottom in Kisty CY)]]
Cyrillic fonts, as well as Latin ones, have [[Roman type|roman]] and [[Italic type|italic]] variants (practically all popular modern fonts include parallel sets of Latin and Cyrillic letters, where many glyphs, uppercase as well as lowercase, are simply shared by both). However, the native font terminology in Slavic languages (for example, in Russian) does not use the words "roman" and "italic" in this sense.<ref>Name ''ital'yanskiy shrift'' (Italian font) in Russian refers to a particular font family [http://citforum.univ.kiev.ua/open_source/fonts/theory/thumbs/ris320.jpg], whereas ''rimskiy shrift'' (roman font) is just a synonym for Latin font, Latin alphabet.</ref> Instead, the nomenclature follows German naming patterns:
* A roman-style font (Cyrillic, Latin, Greek...) is simply called ''pryamoy shrift'' ("upright font")—compare with ''Normalschrift'' ("regular font") in German
* An italic font is called ''kursiv'' (literally "cursive") or ''kursivniy shrift'' ("cursive font")—from the German word ''Kursive'', meaning italic typefaces and not actual cursive
* [[Cursive handwriting]] is ''rukopisniy shrift'' ("hand-written font") in Russian—in German: ''[[:de:Kurrentschrift|Kurrentschrift]]'' or ''Laufschrift'', both meaning literally ‘running font’
Similarly to the Latin fonts, italic and handwritten shapes of many Cyrillic letters (typically lowercase; uppercase only for hand-written or stylish types) are very different from their upright shapes. In certain cases, the correspondence between uppercase and lowercase glyphs does not coincide in Latin and Cyrillic fonts: for example, handwritten Cyrillic ''m'' is a possible lowercase counterpart of ''T'' instead of ''M''.
[[Image:Special Cyrillics.png|thumb|The standard Cyrillic letters compared to the ones used in Serbian and Macedonian, both in regular shape and italic/cursive]]
As in Latin typography, a sans-serif face may have a mechanically-sloped oblique font (''naklonniy shrift''—"sloped," or "slanted font") instead of italic.
A boldfaced font is called ''poluzhirniy shrift'' ("semi-bold font"), because there existed fully-boldfaced shapes which are out of use since the beginning of the twentieth century.
A bold italic combination (bold slanted) doesn't exist for all font families.
In Serbian and Macedonian, some italic and cursive letters are different from those used in other languages. These letter shapes are often used in upright fonts as well, especially for advertisements, road signs, inscriptions, posters and the like, less so in newspapers or books. The Cyrillic lowercase B, б, has a slightly different design both in the regular and italic/cursive shape, which is related to the lowercase Greek letter [[Delta (letter)|Delta]], δ.
The following table shows the differences between the upright and italic/cursive Cyrillic letters as used in Russian. Italic, and especially cursive glyphs that are bound to confuse beginners are highlighted (confusing either because of an entirely different look, or because of being a [[false friend]] with an entirely different Latin character).
{| border=0 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=1 style="padding:0 .5em .2em; border:1px solid #999; margin:1em 0;"
|+ align=bottom style="text-align:left; font-size:smaller; " | If your browser does not support Cyrillic text, see [[commons:Image:Cyrillic-italics-nonitalics.png|this graphical version]].
|- style="font-family:FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Arial,Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center; "
| а || б || в || г || д || е || ё || ж || з || и || й || к || л || м || н || о || п || р || с || т || у || ф || х || ц || ч || ш || щ || ъ || ы || ь || э || ю || я
|- style="font-family:FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Arial,Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center; "
| ''а'' || ''б'' || ''в'' ||{{highlight1}}| ''г'' ||{{highlight1}}| ''д'' || ''е'' || ''ё'' || ''ж'' || ''з'' ||{{highlight1}}| ''и'' ||{{highlight1}}| ''й'' || ''к'' || ''л'' || ''м'' || ''н'' || ''о'' ||{{highlight1}}| ''п'' || ''р'' || ''с'' ||{{highlight1}}| ''т'' || ''у'' || ''ф'' || ''х'' || ''ц'' || ''ч'' || ''ш'' || ''щ'' || ''ъ'' || ''ы'' || ''ь'' || ''э'' || ''ю'' || ''я''
|}
== As used in various languages ==
{{main|Cyrillic alphabet variants|Languages using Cyrillic|List of Cyrillic letters}}
[[Image:Cyrillic alphabet distribution map.png|thumb|right|350px|Distribution of the Cyrillic alphabet worldwide. The dark green shows the countries that use Cyrillic as the one main script; the lighter green those that use Cyrillic alongside another official script.]]
Sounds are indicated using the [[help:IPA|IPA]].
These are only approximate indicators.
While these languages by and large have [[Phonemic orthography|phonemic orthographies]], there are occasional exceptions-for example, Russian его (''yego'', 'him/his'), which is pronounced {{IPA|[jɪˈvo]}} instead of {{IPA|[jɪˈgo]}}.
Note that transliterated spellings of names may vary, especially ''y''/''j''/''i'', but also ''gh''/''g''/''h'' and ''zh''/''j''.
== Derived alphabets ==
The first alphabet partly derived from Cyrillic is [[Abur]], applied to the [[Komi language]]. Other writing systems derived from Cyrillic were applied to Caucasian languages and the [[Molodtsov alphabet]] for [[Komi language]].
== Relationship to other writing systems ==
=== Latin alphabets ===
A number of languages written in the Cyrillic alphabet have also been written in the [[Latin alphabet]], such as [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Moldovan language|Moldavian]]. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, official status shifted from Cyrillic to Latin. The transition is complete in most of Moldova and Azerbaijan, but Uzbekistan still uses both systems.
=== Romanization ===
There are various systems for [[romanization]] of Cyrillic text, including [[transliteration]] to convey Cyrillic spelling in [[Latin]] characters, and [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] to convey [[pronunciation]].
Standard Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration systems include:
*[[Scientific transliteration]], used in linguistics, is based on the Latin [[Croatian alphabet]].
*The [http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/ Working Group on Romanization Systems] of the [[United Nations]] recommends different systems for specific languages. These are the most commonly used around the world.
*[[ISO 9]]:1995, from the International Organization for Standardization.
*American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets ([[ALA-LC Romanization]]), used in North American libraries.
*[[BGN/PCGN romanization]] (1947), United States Board on Geographic Names & Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use).
*[[GOST 16876-71|GOST 16876]], a now defunct Soviet transliteration standard. Replaced by GOST 7.79, which is [[ISO 9]] equivalent.
*[[Volapuk encoding]], an informal rendering of Cyrillic text over Latin-alphabet ASCII.
See also [[romanization of Belarusian]], [[romanization of Bulgarian|Bulgarian]], [[romanization of Kyrgyz|Kyrgyz]], [[romanization of Russian|Russian]], and [[romanization of Ukrainian|Ukrainian]].
=== Cyrillization ===
Representing other writing systems with Cyrillic letters is called [[Cyrillization]].
== Computer encoding ==
{{further|[[Cyrillic characters in Unicode]]}}
In [[Unicode]] 5.1, letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, including national and historical varieties, are represented by four blocks:
* Cyrillic 0400–04FF
* Cyrillic Supplement 0500–052F
* Cyrillic Extended-A 2DE0–2DFF
* Cyrillic Extended-B A640–A69F
The characters in the range U+0400 to U+045F are basically the characters from [[ISO 8859-5]] moved upward by 864 positions. The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. The characters in the range U+048A to U+052F are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script.
[[Unicode]] does not include accented Cyrillic letters, but they can be [[Combining diacritical mark|combined]] by adding U+0301 ("combining acute accent") after the accented vowel (e.g., ы́ э́ ю́ я́). Some languages, including modern [[Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic]], are still not fully supported.
Unicode 5.1, released on [[April 4]], [[2008]], introduces major changes to the Cyrillic blocks. Revisions to the existing Cyrillic blocks, and the addition of Cyrillic Extended A (2DE0...2DFF) and Cyrillic Extended B (A640...A69F), significantly improve support for the [[early Cyrillic alphabet]], [[Abkhaz]], [[Aleut]], [[Chuvash]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], and [[Mordvin]].<ref>http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3194.pdf</ref>
Punctuation for Cyrillic text is similar to that used in European Latin-alphabet languages.
Other [[character encoding]] systems for Cyrillic:
*[[CP866]] – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by [[Microsoft]] for use in [[MS-DOS]] also known as GOST-alternative
*[[ISO/IEC 8859-5]] – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by [[International Organization for Standardization]]
*[[KOI8-R]] – 8-bit native Russian character encoding
*[[KOI8-U]] – KOI8-R with addition of Ukrainian letters
*[[MIK Code page|MIK]] – 8-bit native Bulgarian character encoding for use in [[DOS]]
*[[Windows-1251]] – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by Microsoft for use in [[Microsoft Windows]]. Former standard encoding in some [[Linux]] distributions for Belarusian and Bulgarian, but currently displaced by [[UTF-8]].
*[[GOST-main]]
*[[GB 2312]] - Principally simplified Chinese encodings, but there are also basic 33 Russian Cyrillic letters (in upper- and lower-case).
*[[JIS encoding|JIS]] and [[Shift JIS]] - Principally Japanese encodings, but there are also basic 33 Russian Cyrillic letters (in upper- and lower-case).
=== Keyboard layouts ===
Each language has its own standard [[keyboard layout]], adopted from [[typewriter]]s. With the flexibility of computer input methods, there are also transliterating or [[homophonic]] keyboard layouts made for typists who are more familiar with other layouts, like the common English [[qwerty keyboard]]. When practical Cyrillic keyboard layouts or fonts are not available, computer users sometimes use transliteration or look-alike "[[volapuk encoding|volapuk]]" encoding to type languages which are normally written with the Cyrillic alphabet.
See [[Keyboard layout#Keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts|Keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts]].
== References ==
*[[Robert Bringhurst|Bringhurst, Robert]] (2002). ''[[The Elements of Typographic Style]]'' (version 2.5), pp. 262–264. Vancouver, Hartley & Marks. ISBN 0-88179-133-4.
*Nezirović, M. (1992). ''Jevrejsko-španjolska književnost''. Sarajevo: Svjetlost. [cited in Šmid, 2002]
*Šmid, Katja (2002). "{{PDFlink|[http://hispanismo.cervantes.es/documentos/smidX.pdf Los problemas del estudio de la lengua sefardí]|603 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]}}", in ''Verba Hispanica'', vol X. Liubliana: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Liubliana. ISSN 0353-9660.
{{reflist}}
== See also ==
{{commons}}
{{wiktionary}}
*[[.рф]]
*[[Languages using Cyrillic]]
*[[List of Cyrillic letters]]
*[[Faux Cyrillic]], real or fake Cyrillic letters used to give Latin-alphabet text a Soviet or Russian feel
*[[Russian Manual Alphabet]] (the [[fingerspelling|fingerspelled]] Cyrillic alphabet)
*[[Cyrillic Alphabet Day]]
*[[Vladislav the Grammarian]]
== External links ==
*[http://www.peoples.org.ru/eng_index.html Minority Languages of Russia on the Net], a list of resources.
*[http://www.jewishgen.org/jri-pl/translit.htm Information on Cyrillic transliteration] and the handwritten script form of Cyrillic.
*[http://www.terena.nl/library/multiling/euroml/mlcs5-cyr.txt A Survey of the Use of Modern Cyrillic Script], including the complete required repertoire of graphic characters, by J. W. van Wingen.
*[http://www.tipometar.org/ Tipometar: Serbian Cyrillic typography and typefaces]
*[http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html The Cyrillic Charset Soup], Roman Czyborra’s overview and history of Cyrillic charsets.
*{{PDFlink|[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf Unicode Code Charts "Cyrillic"]|174 KB}}
*{{PDFlink|[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0500.pdf Unicode Code Charts "Cyrillic Supplement"]|69.8 KB}}
*[http://transliteration.eki.ee/ Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts], a collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pedersen. Includes PDF reference charts for many languages' transliteration systems.
* [http://www.rusklaviatura.com Rusklaviatura: Real-time Cyrillic Converter]
{| border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 valign=top class=Unicode style="border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #999;text-align:center;clear:both"
|-
! colspan=11 style="font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;" | Letters of the Cyrillic alphabet
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| width=7% | [[A (Cyrillic)|<big>А</big><br><small>A</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Be (Cyrillic)|<big>Б</big><br><small>Be</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Ve (Cyrillic)|<big>В</big><br><small>Ve</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Ge (Cyrillic)|<big>Г</big><br><small>Ge</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Ge with upturn|<big>Ґ</big><br><small>Ge upturn</small>]]
| width=7% | [[De (Cyrillic)|<big>Д</big><br><small>De</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Dje|<big>Ђ</big><br><small>Dje</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Gje|<big>Ѓ</big><br><small>Gje</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Ye (Cyrillic)|<big>Е</big><br><small>Ye</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Yo (Cyrillic)|<big>Ё</big><br><small>Yo</small>]]
| width=7% | [[Ukrainian Ye|<big>Є</big><br><small>Ye</small>]]
|- valign=top
| [[Zhe (Cyrillic)|<big>Ж</big><br><small>Zhe</small>]]
| [[Ze (Cyrillic)|<big>З</big><br><small>Ze</small>]]
| [[Dze|<big>Ѕ</big><br><small>Dze</small>]]
| [[I (Cyrillic)|<big>И</big><br><small>I</small>]]
| [[Decimal I|<big>І</big><br><small>Dotted I</small>]]
| [[Yi (Cyrillic)|<big>Ї</big><br><small>Yi</small>]]
| [[Short I|<big>Й</big><br><small>Short I</small>]]
| [[Je (Cyrillic)|<big>Ј</big><br><small>Je</small>]]
| [[Ka (Cyrillic)|<big>К</big><br><small>Ka</small>]]
| [[El (Cyrillic)|<big>Л</big><br><small>El</small>]]
| [[Lje|<big>Љ</big><br><small>Lje</small>]]
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| [[Em (Cyrillic)|<big>М</big><br><small>Em</small>]]
| [[En (Cyrillic)|<big>Н</big><br><small>En</small>]]
| [[Nje|<big>Њ</big><br><small>Nje</small>]]
| [[O (Cyrillic)|<big>О</big><br><small>O</small>]]
| [[Pe (Cyrillic)|<big>П</big><br><small>Pe</small>]]
| [[Er (Cyrillic)|<big>Р</big><br><small>Er</small>]]
| [[Es (Cyrillic)|<big>С</big><br><small>Es</small>]]
| [[Te (Cyrillic)|<big>Т</big><br><small>Te</small>]]
| [[Tshe|<big>Ћ</big><br><small>Tshe</small>]]
| [[Kje|<big>Ќ</big><br><small>Kje</small>]]
| [[U (Cyrillic)|<big>У</big><br><small>U</small>]]
|- valign=top
| [[U short|<big>Ў</big><br><small>Short U</small>]]
| [[Ef (Cyrillic)|<big>Ф</big><br><small>Ef</small>]]
| [[Kha (Cyrillic)|<big>Х</big><br><small>Kha</small>]]
| [[Tse (Cyrillic)|<big>Ц</big><br><small>Tse</small>]]
| [[Che (Cyrillic)|<big>Ч</big><br><small>Che</small>]]
| [[Dzhe|<big>Џ</big><br><small>Dzhe</small>]]
| [[Sha|<big>Ш</big><br><small>Sha</small>]]
| [[Shcha|<big>Щ</big><br><small>Shcha</small>]]
| [[Yer|<big>Ъ</big><br><small>Hard sign (Yer)</small>]]
| [[Yery|<big>Ы</big><br><small>Yery</small>]]
| [[Soft sign|<big>Ь</big><br><small>Soft sign (Yeri)</small>]]
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
|
|
|
|
| [[E (Cyrillic)|<big>Э</big><br><small>E</small>]]
| [[Yu (Cyrillic)|<big>Ю</big><br><small>Yu</small>]]
| [[Ya (Cyrillic)|<big>Я</big><br><small>Ya</small>]]
|
|
|
|
|-valign=top
| colspan=11 style="font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;" | Cyrillic Non-Slavic Letters
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| [[Palochka|<big>Ӏ</big><br><small>Palochka</small>]]
| [[Schwa (Cyrillic)|<big>Ә</big><br><small>Cyrillic Schwa</small>]]
| [[Ghayn|<big>Ғ</big><br><small>Ayn</small>]]
| [[Dhe (Cyrillic)|<big>Ҙ</big><br><small>Dhe</small>]]
| [[Bashkir Qa|<big>Ҡ</big><br><small>Bashkir Qa</small>]]
| [[Qaf (Cyrillic)|<big>Қ</big><br><small>Qaf</small>]]
| [[Ng (Cyrillic)|<big>Ң</big><br><small>Ng</small>]]
| [[Oe (Cyrillic)|<big>Ө</big><br><small>Barred O</small>]]
| [[Ue (Cyrillic)|<big>Ү</big><br><small>Straight U</small>]]
| [[Kazakh Short U|<big>Ұ</big><br><small>Straight U<br/>with stroke</small>]]
| [[Shha (Cyrillic)|<big>Һ</big><br><small>He</small>]]
|-valign=top
| colspan=11 style="font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;" | Cyrillic Archaic Letters
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| [[A iotified|<big>ІА</big><br><small>A iotified</small>]]
| [[E iotified|<big>Ѥ</big><br><small>E iotified</small>]]
| [[Yus|<big>Ѧ</big><br><small>Yus small</small>]]
| [[Yus|<big>Ѫ</big><br><small>Yus big</small>]]
| [[Yus|<big>Ѩ</big><br><small>Yus small iotified</small>]]
| [[Yus|<big>Ѭ</big><br><small>Yus big iotified</small>]]
| [[Ksi (Cyrillic)|<big>Ѯ</big><br><small>Ksi</small>]]
| [[Psi (Cyrillic)|<big>Ѱ</big><br><small>Psi</small>]]
| [[Fita|<big>Ѳ</big><br><small>Fita</small>]]
| [[Izhitsa|<big>Ѵ</big><br><small>Izhitsa</small>]]
| [[Izhitsa okovy|<big>Ѷ</big><br><small>Izhitsa okovy</small>]]
|-valign=top
|
|
|
| [[Koppa (Cyrillic)|<big>Ҁ</big><br><small>Koppa</small>]]
| [[Uk (Cyrillic)|<big>Ѹ</big><br><small>Uk</small>]]
| [[Omega (Cyrillic)|<big>Ѡ</big><br><small>Omega</small>]]
| [[Ot (Cyrillic)|<big>Ѿ</big><br><small>Ot</small>]]
| [[Yat|<big>Ѣ</big><br><small>Yat</small>]]
|
|
|
|}
{{writing systems}}
[[Category:Cyrillic alphabet| ]]
[[af:Cyrilliese alfabet]]
[[als:Kyrillisches Alphabet]]
[[ar:أبجدية سريلية]]
[[ast:Alfabetu cirílicu]]
[[az:Kiril əlifbası]]
[[be:Кірыліца]]
[[be-x-old:Кірыліца]]
[[bs:Ćirilica]]
[[br:Lizherenneg kirillek]]
[[bg:Кирилица]]
[[ca:Alfabet ciríl·lic]]
[[cv:Кириллица]]
[[cs:Cyrilice]]
[[cy:Yr wyddor Gyrilig]]
[[da:Kyrilliske alfabet]]
[[de:Kyrillisches Alphabet]]
[[et:Kirillitsa]]
[[el:Κυριλλικό αλφάβητο]]
[[es:Alfabeto cirílico]]
[[eo:Cirila alfabeto]]
[[eu:Alfabeto ziriliko]]
[[fa:سیریلیک]]
[[fr:Alphabet cyrillique]]
[[fur:Alfabet cirilic]]
[[ga:Aibítir Choireallach]]
[[gd:Aibidil Cirillach]]
[[gl:Alfabeto cirílico]]
[[zh-classical:西里爾字母]]
[[ko:키릴 문자]]
[[hsb:Kyriliski alfabet]]
[[hr:Ćirilica]]
[[io:Kirila alfabeto]]
[[id:Aksara Sirilik]]
[[is:Kýrillískt stafróf]]
[[it:Alfabeto cirillico]]
[[he:אלפבית קירילי]]
[[ka:კირილიცა]]
[[sw:Kikyrili]]
[[ht:Alfabèt sirilik]]
[[la:Abecedarium Cyrillicum]]
[[lv:Kirilica]]
[[lt:Kirilica]]
[[hu:Cirill ábécé]]
[[mk:Кирилица]]
[[ms:Huruf Cyril]]
[[mn:Кирилл цагаан толгой]]
[[nl:Cyrillisch alfabet]]
[[ja:キリル文字]]
[[no:Det kyrilliske alfabetet]]
[[nn:Det kyrilliske alfabetet]]
[[nrm:A b c Cyrillique]]
[[uz:Kirill Alifbosi]]
[[nds:Kyrillisch Alphabet]]
[[pl:Cyrylica]]
[[pt:Alfabeto cirílico]]
[[ro:Alfabetul chirilic]]
[[ru:Кириллица]]
[[se:Kyrilalaš alfabehtat]]
[[sq:Alfabeti cirilik]]
[[simple:Cyrillic alphabet]]
[[sk:Cyrilika]]
[[cu:Словѣ́ньска а́ꙁъбоукꙑ]]
[[sl:Cirilica]]
[[sr:Ћирилица]]
[[sh:Ćirilica]]
[[fi:Kyrillinen kirjaimisto]]
[[sv:Kyrilliska alfabetet]]
[[tl:Alpabetong Siriliko]]
[[kab:Ssirilik]]
[[tt:Kirill älifbası]]
[[th:อักษรซีริลลิก]]
[[tg:Алифбои кирилликӣ]]
[[tr:Kiril Abecesi]]
[[uk:Кирилиця]]
[[zh:西里尔字母]]