Cytoplasm
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224652604
2008-07-09T20:42:02Z
AlexiusHoratius
2306142
/* Constituents */ spacing
[[Image:biological cell.svg|thumb|right|300px|Schematic showing the cytoplasm, with major components of a typical animal cell. [[Organelle]]s:<br/>
(1) [[nucleolus]]<br/>
(2) [[cell nucleus|nucleus]]<br/>
(3) ribosomes (little dots)<br/>
(4) [[vesicle (biology)|vesicle]]<br/>
(5) rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]] (ER)<br/>
(6) [[Golgi apparatus]]<br/>
(7) [[Cytoskeleton]]<br/>
(8) smooth ER<br/>
(9) [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]]<br/>
(10) [[vacuole]]<br/>
(11) [[cytoplasm]]<br/>
(12) [[lysosome]]<br/>
(13) [[centriole]]s within [[centrosome]]]]
'''Cytoplasm''' is a gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that fills much of the volume of [[Cell (biology)|cell]]s. [[Eukaryotic]] cells contain [[organelle]]s, such as [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]] that are filled with liquid that is kept separate from the cytoplasm by [[cell membrane]]s.
==Constituents==
The cytoplasm has three major elements; the [[cytosol]], [[organelles]] and [[inclusions]]. The [[cytosol]] is the translucent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended. The cytoplasm holds organelles and protects them, such as the vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Cytosol makes up about 70% of the cell and is composed of water, salts and organic molecules.<ref>[http://sun.menloschool.org/~birchler/cells/animals/cytoplasm/ Cytoplasm Composition]</ref> The [[cytoskeleton]], various [[proteins]], [[ribosomes]] and [[enzymes]] that are necessary for the cell to catalyze reactions are also found throughout the cytosol. The inner, granular and more fluid portion of the cytoplasm is referred to as endoplasm.
The [[organelles]] are the metabolic machinery of the cell and are like little organs themselves. Some major organelles that are suspended in the [[cytosol]] are the [[mitochondria]], the [[endoplasmic reticulum]], the [[Golgi apparatus]], [[lysosomes]], and in plant cells [[chloroplasts]].
The [[inclusions]] are chemical substances that store nutrients, secretory products and pigment granules.<ref>[http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_cytoplasm.html Cytoplasm - Filling Fluid] - from Biology4Kids.com</ref>
==Function==
The cytoplasm is the site where most cellular activities are done. The functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of the cell. The cytosol has enzymes that take molecules and break them down , so that the individual organelles can use them as they need to. The cytosol also contains the cytoskeleton which gives the cell its shape and can help in the movement of the cell.<ref>[http://library.thinkquest.org/c004535/cytoplasm.html Cytoplasm]</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Cystic Cytoplasm]]
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* Alberts, Bruce et al. (2003). ''Essential Cell Biology,'' 2nd ed., Garland Science, 2003, ISBN 081533480X.
* Human Anatomy & Physiology, seventh edition By; Elain N Marieb and Latja Hoehn.
* Glencoe Science Biology The Dynamics of Life
==External links==
* [http://wiwi.essortment.com/cytoplasm_rkkg.htm What is cytoplasm?] - by Genevieve Thiers -2002
[[Category:Cell anatomy]]
[[ar:هيولى (خلية)]]
[[bn:সাইটোপ্লাজম]]
[[bs:Citoplazma]]
[[bg:Цитоплазма]]
[[ca:Citoplasma]]
[[cs:Cytoplazma]]
[[da:Cytoplasma]]
[[de:Zytoplasma]]
[[et:Tsütoplasma]]
[[el:Κυτόπλασμα]]
[[es:Citoplasma]]
[[eo:Citoplasmo]]
[[fr:Cytoplasme]]
[[ko:세포질]]
[[id:Sitoplasma]]
[[it:Citoplasma]]
[[he:ציטופלזמה]]
[[lv:Citoplazma]]
[[lb:Zytoplasma]]
[[lt:Citoplazma]]
[[hu:Citoplazma]]
[[mk:Цитоплазма]]
[[ms:Sitoplasma]]
[[nl:Cytoplasma]]
[[ja:細胞質]]
[[no:Cytoplasma]]
[[oc:Citoplasma]]
[[pl:Cytoplazma]]
[[pt:Citoplasma]]
[[ro:Citoplasmă]]
[[ru:Цитоплазма]]
[[sq:Citoplazma]]
[[simple:Cytoplasm]]
[[sk:Cytoplazma]]
[[sl:Citoplazma]]
[[sr:Цитоплазма]]
[[sh:Citoplazma]]
[[fi:Solulima]]
[[sv:Cytoplasma]]
[[vi:Tế bào chất]]
[[tr:Sitoplazma]]
[[uk:Цитоплазма]]
[[zh:細胞質]]