Dachau 9030 221875930 2008-06-26T14:03:24Z 193.132.242.1 /* Middle Ages */ {{otheruses4|the Bavarian town|the Nazi concentration camp|Dachau concentration camp|other uses|Dachau (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox German Location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Dachau1.jpg |Wappen = Dachau.jpg |lat_deg = 48 |lat_min = 15 |lat_sec = 37 |lon_deg = 11 |lon_min = 26 |lon_sec = 3 |Lageplan = Dachau - Lage im Landkreis.png |Bundesland = Bayern |Regierungsbezirk = Oberbayern |Landkreis = Dachau |Höhe = 482 |Fläche = 34.85 |Einwohner = 40570 |Stand = 2007-03-31 |PLZ = 85221 |PLZ-alt = 8060 |Vorwahl = 08131 |Kfz = DAH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 74 115 |Straße = Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 2–6 |Website = [http://www.dachau.de/ www.dachau.de] |Bürgermeister = [[Peter Bürgel]] |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister |Partei = [[Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern|CSU]] }} [[Image:StadtpfarrkircheStJakob.JPG|thumb|right|'''Dachau''': Church of St Jakob]] '''Dachau''' is a [[Town#Germany|town]] in [[Bavaria]], in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a ''[[Große Kreisstadt]]''—of the [[Regierungsbezirk|administrative region]] of [[Upper Bavaria]], about 20 km north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 40,000 inhabitants. The town contains a historic town centre with an 18th century castle. Dachau was founded in the 8th century. It was home to many artists during the late 19th and early 20th century; for instance, [[Ludwig Thoma]] was born here. ==History== ===Prehistoric times and Early Middle Ages=== There are signs of settlement as far back as the [[Stone Age]]. The earliest known reference to ''Dahauua''<ref>Dahauua: possibly meaning "clayey wetland"</ref> dates back to 805 AD: on [[August 15]], on ''the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary'', during [[Charlemagne]]'s reign, the lady Erchana of the [[Aribons]] bequeathed all her landed property in "Dahauua", consisting of 5 ''Colonenhöfe'' and some serfs, to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Diocese of Freising]] upon her death. The deed on which this is recorded represents the earliest known reference to Dachau. 2005 was the 1200th anniversary of this occasion. ===Middle Ages=== From the 12th century, Dachau was a summer residence for several Bavarian princes. Between 1240 and 1270, Dachau was granted market privileges, first by [[Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria|Duke Otto II]], and then by his son, [[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|Duke Ludwig II der Strenge]]. ===16th century=== Between 1546 and 1577, the [[Wittelsbach]]s built [[Dachau Palace]] in the [[Renaissance]] style. From June 1715 to Autumn 1717, [[Joseph Effner]] converted the Palace to a more modern style. ===Second World War=== In 1933, the [[Dachau concentration camp]] was built by the [[Nazis]].. It became the prototype for all other [[Concentration camp|camps]]. During its operation, 190,591 prisoners died or were exterminated. ==Geography== ===Geographical location=== Dachau is located just 20 km to the north-west of [[Munich]]. It is situated by the river [[Amper]], with a boundary demarcated by lateral [[moraine]]s formed during the last [[Wisconsin glaciation|ice age]] and the Amper [[glacial valley]]. It is also close to a large marshy area called [[Dachauer Moos]]. ===Neighbouring municipalities=== Adjacent municipalities are Bergkirchen to the West, Schwabhausen and Hebertshausen to the north and [[Karlsfeld]] to the south. To the east, Dachau is bordered by the municipality of [[Oberschleißheim]], which is part of the [[Munich (district)|rural district of Munich]]. ===Parts of the town=== [[Image:DachauAutumn20021025.JPG|thumbnail|right|225px|Dachau in autumn 2002]] Dachau consists of three central divisions: * '''The old town''': Altstadt, Mitterndorf, Udlding, Etzenhausen, Unterer Markt * '''Dachau East''': Oberaugustenfeld, Unteraugustenfeld, Polln, Obergrashof, parts of Prittlbach * '''Dachau South''': Himmelreich, Holzgarten, parts of Gröbenried The areas Pellheim, Pullhausen, Assenhausen, Lohfeld and Viehhausen were incorporated into Dachau in 1972. <!-- === Climate === --> ==Sights== * [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau Concentration Camp memorial Site]]: Dachau is best known for its proximity to the relatively well-preserved site of the infamous Dachau concentration camp, the first large-scale [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] in Germany, converted from an old gunpowder factory by the Nazi regime in 1933. * Dachau Palace: A medieval castle which became the favourite residence of the Bavarian dukes in the 16th century. It was renovated into an enormous four-wing complex. Only one wing exists today. * Palace garden: a landscape garden. * Church of St. Jakob (St. James) * Old town * Town hall * Dachauer Moos: a wetland area. * Church of St. Nicolas, Mitterndorf (1496) {{wide image|Dachau2.jpg|2522px|Dachau South}} ==Twin towns== *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Klagenfurt]], [[Austria]] *{{flagicon|Italy}} Comune di [[Fondi]], [[Italy]] ==People== Famous people who lived, worked or were born in Dachau: * [[Roman Herzog]] * Ludwig Thoma * [[Adolf Hölzel]] * [[Christian Morgenstern]] * [[Carl Spitzweg]] * [[Ernst Toller]] * Joseph Effner * [[Lovis Corinth]] * [[Jesse Martin]] * [[Sigmund Rascher]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{German|Dachau|[[2006-11-24]]}} ==Literature== * Hans-Günther Richardi: ''Dachauer Zeitgeschichtsführer''. Stadt Dachau, Dachau 1998 {{De icon }} == External links == * Town Web site [http://www.dachau.info/cont/index.php?LANG=EN http://www.dachau.info/cont/index.php?LANG=EN] {{En icon}} * {{dmoz|World/Deutsch/Regional/Europa/Deutschland/Bayern/Landkreise/Dachau/Städte_und_Gemeinden/Dachau/|Dachau}} {{Commonscat|Dachau}} {{Cities and towns in Dachau (district)}} [[Category:Dachau district]] [[bar:Dåchau]] [[ca:Dachau]] [[cs:Dachau]] [[de:Dachau]] [[et:Dachau]] [[es:Dachau (Baviera)]] [[eo:Dachau]] [[fr:Dachau]] [[fy:Dachau]] [[hsb:Dachau]] [[hr:Dachau]] [[id:Dachau]] [[it:Dachau]] [[he:דכאו (עיר)]] [[nl:Dachau (stad)]] [[ja:ダッハウ]] [[no:Dachau]] [[pl:Dachau]] [[pt:Dachau]] [[ro:Dachau]] [[ru:Дахау (город)]] [[simple:Dachau]] [[sl:Dachau]] [[fi:Dachau]] [[sv:Dachau]] [[vo:Dachau]]