Dachau
9030
221875930
2008-06-26T14:03:24Z
193.132.242.1
/* Middle Ages */
{{otheruses4|the Bavarian town|the Nazi concentration camp|Dachau concentration camp|other uses|Dachau (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox German Location
|type = Stadt
|image_photo = Dachau1.jpg
|Wappen = Dachau.jpg
|lat_deg = 48 |lat_min = 15 |lat_sec = 37
|lon_deg = 11 |lon_min = 26 |lon_sec = 3
|Lageplan = Dachau - Lage im Landkreis.png
|Bundesland = Bayern
|Regierungsbezirk = Oberbayern
|Landkreis = Dachau
|Höhe = 482
|Fläche = 34.85
|Einwohner = 40570
|Stand = 2007-03-31
|PLZ = 85221
|PLZ-alt = 8060
|Vorwahl = 08131
|Kfz = DAH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 74 115
|Straße = Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 2–6
|Website = [http://www.dachau.de/ www.dachau.de]
|Bürgermeister = [[Peter Bürgel]]
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei = [[Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern|CSU]]
}}
[[Image:StadtpfarrkircheStJakob.JPG|thumb|right|'''Dachau''': Church of St Jakob]]
'''Dachau''' is a [[Town#Germany|town]] in [[Bavaria]], in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a ''[[Große Kreisstadt]]''—of the [[Regierungsbezirk|administrative region]] of [[Upper Bavaria]], about 20 km north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 40,000 inhabitants. The town contains a historic town centre with an 18th century castle.
Dachau was founded in the 8th century. It was home to many artists during the late 19th and early 20th century; for instance, [[Ludwig Thoma]] was born here.
==History==
===Prehistoric times and Early Middle Ages===
There are signs of settlement as far back as the [[Stone Age]]. The earliest known reference to ''Dahauua''<ref>Dahauua: possibly meaning "clayey wetland"</ref> dates back to 805 AD: on [[August 15]], on ''the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary'', during [[Charlemagne]]'s reign, the lady Erchana of the [[Aribons]] bequeathed all her landed property in "Dahauua", consisting of 5 ''Colonenhöfe'' and some serfs, to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Diocese of Freising]] upon her death. The deed on which this is recorded represents the earliest known reference to Dachau. 2005 was the 1200th anniversary of this occasion.
===Middle Ages===
From the 12th century, Dachau was a summer residence for several Bavarian princes.
Between 1240 and 1270, Dachau was granted market privileges, first by [[Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria|Duke Otto II]], and then by his son, [[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|Duke Ludwig II der Strenge]].
===16th century===
Between 1546 and 1577, the [[Wittelsbach]]s built [[Dachau Palace]] in the [[Renaissance]] style. From June 1715 to Autumn 1717, [[Joseph Effner]] converted the Palace to a more modern style.
===Second World War===
In 1933, the [[Dachau concentration camp]] was built by the [[Nazis]].. It became the prototype for all other [[Concentration camp|camps]]. During its operation, 190,591 prisoners died or were exterminated.
==Geography==
===Geographical location===
Dachau is located just 20 km to the north-west of [[Munich]]. It is situated by the river [[Amper]], with a boundary demarcated by lateral [[moraine]]s formed during the last [[Wisconsin glaciation|ice age]] and the Amper [[glacial valley]]. It is also close to a large marshy area called [[Dachauer Moos]].
===Neighbouring municipalities===
Adjacent municipalities are Bergkirchen to the West, Schwabhausen and Hebertshausen to the north and [[Karlsfeld]] to the south. To the east, Dachau is bordered by the municipality of [[Oberschleißheim]], which is part of the [[Munich (district)|rural district of Munich]].
===Parts of the town===
[[Image:DachauAutumn20021025.JPG|thumbnail|right|225px|Dachau in autumn 2002]]
Dachau consists of three central divisions:
* '''The old town''': Altstadt, Mitterndorf, Udlding, Etzenhausen, Unterer Markt
* '''Dachau East''': Oberaugustenfeld, Unteraugustenfeld, Polln, Obergrashof, parts of Prittlbach
* '''Dachau South''': Himmelreich, Holzgarten, parts of Gröbenried
The areas Pellheim, Pullhausen, Assenhausen, Lohfeld and Viehhausen were incorporated into Dachau in 1972.
<!-- === Climate === -->
==Sights==
* [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau Concentration Camp memorial Site]]: Dachau is best known for its proximity to the relatively well-preserved site of the infamous Dachau concentration camp, the first large-scale [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] in Germany, converted from an old gunpowder factory by the Nazi regime in 1933.
* Dachau Palace: A medieval castle which became the favourite residence of the Bavarian dukes in the 16th century. It was renovated into an enormous four-wing complex. Only one wing exists today.
* Palace garden: a landscape garden.
* Church of St. Jakob (St. James)
* Old town
* Town hall
* Dachauer Moos: a wetland area.
* Church of St. Nicolas, Mitterndorf (1496)
{{wide image|Dachau2.jpg|2522px|Dachau South}}
==Twin towns==
*{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Klagenfurt]], [[Austria]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}} Comune di [[Fondi]], [[Italy]]
==People==
Famous people who lived, worked or were born in Dachau:
* [[Roman Herzog]]
* Ludwig Thoma
* [[Adolf Hölzel]]
* [[Christian Morgenstern]]
* [[Carl Spitzweg]]
* [[Ernst Toller]]
* Joseph Effner
* [[Lovis Corinth]]
* [[Jesse Martin]]
* [[Sigmund Rascher]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{German|Dachau|[[2006-11-24]]}}
==Literature==
* Hans-Günther Richardi: ''Dachauer Zeitgeschichtsführer''. Stadt Dachau, Dachau 1998 {{De icon }}
== External links ==
* Town Web site [http://www.dachau.info/cont/index.php?LANG=EN http://www.dachau.info/cont/index.php?LANG=EN] {{En icon}}
* {{dmoz|World/Deutsch/Regional/Europa/Deutschland/Bayern/Landkreise/Dachau/Städte_und_Gemeinden/Dachau/|Dachau}}
{{Commonscat|Dachau}}
{{Cities and towns in Dachau (district)}}
[[Category:Dachau district]]
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[[ru:Дахау (город)]]
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