Datu 1368091 224502451 2008-07-09T03:37:51Z CIreland 416811 moved [[Datu on treads]] to [[Datu]] over redirect: revert '''Datu''' or '''datto''' is the title for ancient tribal chieftains and monarchs in pre-Hispanic [[Philippines]]. Together with [[Sultan|sultan]] and [[Raja|raja]], they are also titles of royalty and currently used in [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], [[Philippines]] and [[Indonesia]]. These titles are the equivalent of European [[Duke|dukes]] and [[Marquess|marquesses]]. The word ''datu'' was derived from two [[Malay language|Malay]] words: ''dato' '' or ''datok'', which are royal titles of the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]]. The myth of the arrival of ten [[Borneo|Bornean]] datus is celebrated in the [[Binirayan festival]] in the island of [[Panay Island|Panay]], which in ancient times was known as the island of "Aninipay". ==Datu in [[Filipino Muslim]] society== The [[Moro people|Moro]]s, a term inherited from the [[Spaniard]]s, are the main Muslim [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines|ethnic group in the Philippines]]. In the traditional structure of Filipino Muslim societies, [[sultans]] were the highest authority followed by the datus, with their rule being sanctioned by the [[Qur'an]]. Datus were measured by the number of their followers. In return for tribute and labor, the datu provided aid in emergencies and advocacy in disputes with other communities, through the ''agamat''. A datu is basic to the smooth functioning of the Filipino Muslim society. He was a powerful authority figure who may have as many as four wives but in modern times usually has only one. In the old days, they led raids on other villages. They may demand revenge (''maratabat'') for the death of a follower or upon injury to his honor. Datus continued to act as the community leaders in [[Muslim]] societies in [[Mindanao]] and administered the [[Sharia]] (Islamic law) through the ''agama''. The support of the datu was essential for government programs in Muslim communities. == Datu during the Spanish Regime == Upon the Christianization of the Philippines, the datus of the pre-conquest kingdoms retained their right to rule under the Spanish Crown. [[King Philip II]], in a law signed [[11 June]] [[1594]],<ref>“It is not right that the Indian chiefs of Filipinas be in a worse condition after conversion; rather they should have such treatment that would gain their affection and keep them loyal, so that with the spiritual blessings that God has communicated to them by calling them to His true knowledge, the temporal blessings may be added, and they may live contentedly and comfortably. Therefore, we order the governors of those islands to show them good treatment and entrust them, in our name, with the government of the Indians, of whom they were formerly lords. In all else the governors shall see that the chiefs are benefited justly, and the Indians shall pay them something as a recognition, as they did during the period of their paganism, provided it be without prejudice to the tributes that are to be paid us, or prejudicial to that which pertains to their encomenderos.” Felipe II, ''Ley de Junio 11, 1594'' in ''Recapilación de leyes'', lib. vi, tit. VII, ley xvi. Also cf. [[Emma Helen Blair]] and James Alexander Robertson, ''The Philippine Islands (1493-1898)'', Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XVI, pp. 155-156.</ref> commanded that these local nobles be given the same respect and privileges that they had before their conversion. They later formed part of the exclusive and elite ruling body, called the [[Principalía]], in municipalities of Spanish Philippines. ==Datu in Filipino Martial Arts== The title of "Datu" has been used by some in the [[Filipino martial arts]] community. Most notably, it was bestowed upon 6 practitioners of [[Modern Arnis]] by [[Remy Presas]], the founder of the system, as a "leadership" signifier. It has been the source of some controversy. ==Recorded List of Datus in the Philippines== '''Datus of Pre-Hispanic [[Mindanao]]''' ;[[Cebu]] *[[Datu Daya]] - Ancient ruler of [[Daanbantayan, Cebu]] ;[[Panay]] *Datu Dinagandan - First ruler of [[Aklan]], circa 1200 *[[Kalantiao]] - Ruler of Aklan in 1399 *Datu Paiburong - Ruler of [[Iloilo]] *Datu Padojinog - Ruled in the Visayas Region with his wife Ribongsapaw. More than seven hundred forty six years ago, around 1240, ten brave and noble rulers were believed to have landed in our shores. They came from the kingdom of Bornay (now Borneo), escaping the wrath of a wicked ruler Rajah Makatunao. They boarded on big ships, called ''balanghays'', and set out to sea to find a place where they can live in peace and harmony. One moonless night on April 15, 1240, together with their families, warriors, slaves and counselors, they faced the unknown in quest of the Promised Land. Datu Padojinog was one of the said Datus. *Datus in the Maragtas epic **[[Irong-irong]] **[[Kalantiaw]] III /Rajah [[Bendahara]] Kalantiaw - Formulated the [[Code of Kalantiaw]] in 1433 (legendary, see related article). **Datu Puti - One of the 10 Bornean Datus to arrive in Iloilo before the Spanish colonial period. (legendary but may be based on facts, see related article) '''Datus during Spanish colonization''' *[[Rajah]] Colambu - Chief in 1521 of Limasawa, brother of Rajah Siagu of [[Butuan City|Butuan]]. He met Ferdinand Magellan and guided him to Cebu on April 7, 1521. *Rajah Humabon - Ruler of [[Cebu]] who became an ally of Ferdinand Magellan. Enemy and relative of Lapu-Lapu. In [[1521]], he and his wife were baptized and renamed themselves Carlos and Juana after the [[Spain|Spanish]] royalty, King Carlos and Queen Juana. *[[Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat|Sultan Kudarat]] - [[Sultanate of Maguindanao|Sultan of Maguindanao]]. *[[Rajah Lakandula]] - Ruler of [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]], one of the last rulers of [[Manila|Maynilad]]. *[[Lapu-Lapu]] - Ruler of [[Mactan Island]]. He defeated [[Ferdinand Magellan]] in [[April 27]], [[1521]]. He is the [[Philippines]]' first national hero. *[[Datu Sikatuna]] {also Ka Tun-as} - Ruler of [[Bohol]] in [[1565]]. He made a blood compact with the [[conquistador]] [[Miguel López de Legaspi]]. His statue was erected in [[Bohol]] where the blood compact took place. *'''Datu Pagbuaya''' - Overlord of Ka Tun-as and Gala of Bohol. He was join ruler with brother Datu Dalisdisan of a settlement along the shorelines between [[Mansasa]], [[Tagbilaran]] and [[Dauis]] which was abandoned years before [[Legaspi]]'s arrival due to Portuguese and Ternatean attacks. He founded [[Dapitan]] in the northern shore of [[Mindanao]]. *'''Datu Dalisdisan''' - He was join ruler with brother Datu Pagbuaya of a settlement along the shorelines between [[Mansasa]], [[Tagbilaran]] and [[Dauis]]. His death during one of the Portuguese and Ternatean raids caused the abandonment of the settlement. *'''Mano-ok''' - Christian name Pedro Manuel Manooc; son of Datu Pagbuaya; subdued the Higaonon tribe in Iligan; established one of the first Christian settlement in the country. *[[Rajah Suliman]] (also Rajah Sulayman) - One of the last rulers of Maynilad. He defeated [[Martin de Goiti]], a soldier commissioned by Legaspi to Maynilad. *[[Rajah Tupas]] - Last Datu of Cebu, conquered by [[Miguel López de Legaspi|Legazpi]]. '''Other Datus''' *[[List of Sultans of Sulu|Datus of Sulu]] *Datu [http://www.geocities.com/macabulosfamily/index.htm Macabulos] - Ruled with elders the town of Lubao, Pampanga around 1571. *Datu Pax S. Mangudadato - Modern datu and Governor of [[Sultan Kudarat]] (2001-2004) *Rajah Siagu - Chief of the [[Manobo]] tribe in 1521. *[[Urduja]] - Pre-Hispanic female ruler in [[Pangasinan]]. (Legendary see related article) *Sultan Hajji Datu Amir bin Muhammad Baraguir, 25th Sultan of Maguindanao ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==See also== * [[President of the Philippines]] * [[Royal Governor of the Philippines]] * [[Malay titles]] * [[Sultanate of Sulu]] * [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]] * [[Sultan]] * [[Raja]] * [[Filipino muslim]] * [[Principalía]] * [[Timawa]] * [[Alipin]] {{Head offices of state and government of the Philippines}} [[Category:Lists of office-holders]] [[Category:Filipino Datus, Rajas and Sultans|*]] [[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]] [[Category:Titles]] [[de:Datu]] [[ms:Datu]]