David Petraeus
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copyedit, Replaced: [[lieutenant colonel]] → [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]]
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{{Infobox Military Person
|name= David Howell Petraeus
|born= {{birth date and age|1952|11|7}}
|died=
|placeofdeath=
|image= [[Image:David H. Petraeus 2008 portrait.jpg|250px]]
|caption=
|allegiance={{flag|United States of America}}
|branch=[[United States Army]]
|serviceyears= [[1974]]–present
|rank= [[General (United States)|General]]
|commands=A Company, 2nd Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized)<br/>3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment<br/>1st Brigade, [[82nd Airborne Division]]<br/>[[101st Airborne Division]] (Air Assault)<br/>[[MNSTC-I|Multi-National Security Transition Command Iraq]]<br/>[[U.S. Army Combined Arms Center]] and [[Fort Leavenworth]]<br/>[[Multinational Force Iraq|Multi-National Force - Iraq]]
|unit=
|battles= [[Operation Joint Forge]] (Bosnia)<br/>[[Operation Uphold Democracy]] (Haiti)<br/>[[Operation Desert Spring]] (Kuwait)<br/>[[Iraq War|Operation Iraqi Freedom]]<br/>*[[2003 invasion of Iraq]]
|awards= [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>[[Army Distinguished Service Medal]] (2)<br/>[[Defense Superior Service Medal]] (2)<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (4)<br/>[[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]]<br/>[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]]
|laterwork=
|portrayedby=
}}
[[General (United States)|General]] '''David Howell Petraeus''', [[United States Army|USA]] (born [[November 7]] [[1952]]) is the Commanding General, [[Multinational Force Iraq|Multi-National Force - Iraq]] (MNF-I). He was confirmed to that position by the Senate in a vote of 81–0 on [[January 26]] [[2007]], and he assumed command on February 10, 2007, replacing General [[George William Casey Jr.|George Casey]], who was subsequently confirmed as [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army]]. As Commander of MNF-I, Petraeus oversay all coalition forces in Iraq.<ref>{{cite news
|first=John
|last=Holusha
|title=[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/world/middleeast/23cnd-general.html General Calls Iraq Situation Dire]
|publisher=[[The New York Times]]
|date=[[January 23]] [[2007]]}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|first=Michael
|last=Gordon
|title=[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/world/middleeast/05military.html Bush to Name a New General to Oversee Iraq]
|work=The New York Times
|date=[[January 5]] [[2007]]}}
</ref> On [[23 April]] [[2008]], [[Robert Gates|Secretary of Defense Robert Gates]] announced that Petraeus has been nominated as the next Commander, [[United States Central Command|U.S. Central Command]].<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/04/23/petraeus/index.html Petraeus picked to lead Central Command - CNN.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on July 10, 2008.<ref>http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/senate-confirms-petraeus-for-new-role-2008-07-10.html</ref>
Petraeus was the General [[George Marshall|George C. Marshall]] Award winner as the top graduate of the [[U.S. Army Command and General Staff College]]—class of 1983.<ref>''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-petraeusbox9sep09,0,3096741.story?coll=la-headlines-nation Profile: Gen. David Petraeus]. Composed September 9, 2007. Retrieved November 4,2007</ref> He subsequently earned a [[Master of Public Administration|M.P.A.]] degree (1985) and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] degree (1987) in International Relations from the [[Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs]] at [[Princeton University]]. He later served as Assistant Professor of International Relations at the [[United States Military Academy|U.S. Military Academy]] and also completed a fellowship at [[Georgetown University]]. He has a [[Bachelor of Science|BS]] from the [[United States Military Academy|U.S. Military Academy]]—class of 1974—from which he graduated as a distinguished cadet (top 5% of his class).
A poll recently conducted by ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' and ''[[Prospect]]'' magazines selected Petraeus as one of the world's top 100 public intellectuals. <ref>[http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4314#bios. Retrieved 3 June 2008.</ref> And in 2007, ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' named Petraeus one of the 100 most [[Time 100|influential leaders and revolutionaries]] of the year as well as one of its four runners up for ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' Person of the Year.<ref>''[[Time magazine|Time]]''. [http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615513_1615454,00.html General David Petraeus] by [[John McCain]]. Retrieved 11/01/07.</ref><ref>''[[Time magazine|Time]]''. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695379,00.html General David Petraeus] by [[Joe Klein]]. Retrieved 04/06/08.</ref> He was also named the second most influential [[American conservative]] by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''<ref>''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/exclusions/uselection/nosplit/uscons1-20.xml The most influential US conservatives: 1-20]. Composed 03/11/2007. Retrieved 11/01/07.</ref> as well as ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Daily Telegraph's]]'' 2007 Man of the Year<ref>''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/12/30/nperson130.xml General Petraeus: man with a message of hope. Composed 12/31/07. Retrieved 04/06/08.</ref> and "America's most respected soldier" by ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bush geht - seine Außenpolitik bleibt|author=Peter Ross Range|language=German|publisher=[[Spiegel Online]]|date=2008-02-08|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,533781,00.html}}</ref> In 2005, Petraeus was selected as one of America's top leaders by ''[[US News and World Report]]''.<ref>[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/leaders/ and http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/051031/31petraeus.htm] ''[[US News and World Report]]''</ref> Some news reports have alleged an interest by Petraeus in running for the [[POTUS|United States presidency]]. Despite these accounts, Petraeus has categorically stated that he has no political ambitions.<ref>"[http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2956422.ece President Petraeus? Iraqi official recalls the day US general revealed ambition]," Patrick Cockburn, ''[[The Independent]]'', 13 September 2007 </ref><ref>"[http://www.motherjones.com/washington_dispatch/2007/09/Petraeus-for-President.html Like Ike: Petraeus for President?]", Daniel Schulman, ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'', September 10, 2007 </ref><ref>"[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/tim_hames/article3345681.ece McCain and Petraeus: the dream ticket]", Tim Hames, ''[[Times]] Online'', February 11, 2008</ref> <ref>"[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/06/weekinreview/06myers.html Generally Speaking?]," Steven Lee Myers, "[[The New York Times]]'', 6 April 2008</ref><ref>"[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22379099/ Petraeus says he's not interested in presidency]," ''[[Associated Press]]'' 23 December 2007</ref><ref>''[http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2007/09/petraeus-xxxxxx.html Petraeus to USA Today: Like Sherman, he's not a candidate]'', September 12, 2007</ref>
==Early years==
Petraeus was born in [[Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York]], the son of Miriam ([[married and maiden names|née]] Howell) and Sixtus Petraeus. His mother was American and his father was a sea captain who had emigrated to the United States from the [[Netherlands]] during the initial phase of [[World War II]].<ref>Atkinson, Rick; March 7, 2004; [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A36843-2004Mar6?language=printer Unexpected Challenges Tested Petraeus in Iraq]; ''[[Washington Post]]''; retrieved September 11, 2007.</ref> Sixtus settled in Cornwall on Hudson, where David Petraeus grew up and graduated from [[Cornwall Central High School]] in 1970. Residents called him '[[Peach]]es' in reference to his often-mispronounced last name<ref>[http://www.littleleague.org/media/DavidPatraeus_020807.asp Little League Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and the nickname stuck with him as a cadet.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/can-the-general-deliver/2007/09/07/1188783491450.html Can the general deliver? - In Depth - theage.com.au<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Petraeus then went on to the [[United States Military Academy|U.S. Military Academy]] in nearby [[West Point, New York|West Point]]. Petraeus was on the intercollegiate soccer and ski teams, was a cadet captain on the brigade staff, and was a "distinguished cadet" academically, graduating in the top 5% of the Class of 1974 (ranked 43rd overall). In the class yearbook, Petraeus was remembered as "always going for it in sports, academics, leadership, and even his social life."<ref name="early bio">Bruno, Greg; January 11, 2007; [http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070111/NEWS/701110319/-1/NEWS14 New Iraq commander is Cornwall's favorite son]; ''[[Times-Herald Record]]''; retrieved January 13, 2007.</ref>
Two months after graduation Petraeus married Holly Knowlton, a graduate from Dickinson College and daughter of retired Army General [[William A. Knowlton]] who was superintendent of the [[United States Military Academy|U.S. Military Academy]] (West Point) at the time. They have two grown children, Anne and Stephen.
==Army career==
===Education and academia===
Petraeus graduated from [[West Point]] in 1974. He returned to the military academy in 1985, after earning the General [[George C. Marshall]] Award as the top graduate of the [[CGSC|U.S. Army Command and General Staff College]] Class of 1983 at [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]]. He subsequently earned a [[Master of Public Administration|M.P.A.]] in 1985 and a [[Ph.D.]] in [[international relations]] in 1987 from [[Princeton University]]’s [[Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs]], and served as an Assistant Professor of International Relations at the [[United States Military Academy|U.S. Military Academy]] from 1985 to 1987. His doctoral dissertation, "The American Military and the Lessons of [[Vietnam]]: A Study of Military Influence and the Use of Force in the Post-Vietnam Era," dealt with the influence of the [[Vietnam War]] on military thinking regarding the use of force.<ref>{{Citation
|last =Petraeus
|first =David H
|title =The American military and the lessons of Vietnam : a study of military influence and the use of force in the post-Vietnam era
|publication-place =[[Princeton, NJ]]
|publisher =[[Princeton University]]
|year =[[1987]]
|OCLC= 20673428
}}</ref> He also completed a military fellowship at [[Georgetown University|Georgetown's]] [[Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service|School of Foreign Service]] in 1994–1995, although he was called away early to serve in Haiti as the Chief of Operations for the UN force there in early 1995.
From late 2005 through February 2007,<ref>[http://www.ftleavenworthlamp.com/articles/2007/02/01/perspective/perspective1.txt External link] From the Commander—Farewell to Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth.</ref> Petraeus served as Commanding General of [[Fort Leavenworth]], Kansas, and the [[U.S. Army Combined Arms Center]] (CAC) located there. As commander of CAC, Petraeus was responsible for oversight of the [[Command and General Staff College]] and seventeen other schools, centers, and training programs as well as for developing the Army’s doctrinal manuals, training the Army’s officers, and supervising the Army’s center for the collection and dissemination of lessons learned. During his time at CAC, Petraeus and Marine [[James Mattis|Lt. Gen. James N. Mattis]] jointly oversaw the publication of [[U.S. Army Field Manuals|Field Manual]] 3-24, ''Counterinsurgency'', the body of which was written by an extraordinarily diverse group of military officers, academics, human rights advocates, and journalists who had been assembled by Petraeus and Mattis.<ref>[http://usacac.army.mil/cac/repository/materials/coin-fm3-24.pdf FM 3-24 text]</ref><ref> Nutt, Cullen; March 2, 2008; ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'' Section 2 page 1 and 4</ref> Additionally, at both Fort Leavenworth and throughout the military's schools and training programs, Petraeus integrated the study of counterinsurgency into lesson plans and training exercises. In recognition of the fact that soldiers in Iraq often performed duties far different than those they trained for, Petraeus also stressed the importance of teaching soldiers how to think as well as how to fight and the need to foster flexibility and adaptability in leaders.<ref> Ricks, Thomas ''[[Fiasco]]'' New York: Penguin Press, 2006, page 419.</ref><ref> Barnes, Julian E.; October 31, 2005; [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/051031/31petraeus.htm An Open Mind for a New Army]; ''[[US News and World Report]]'';retrieved 2 April 2008.</ref>
===Military Operations===
====1970s====
Upon his graduation from West Point in 1974, Petraeus was commissioned an infantry officer. After attending Ranger School, from which he graduated as the Distinguished Honor Graduate and was also awarded the other two prizes given to each class of graduating Rangers, Petraeus began his career with an assignment to a light infantry unit, the [[509th Infantry Regiment (United States)|509th Airborne Battalion Combat Team]] at [[Vicenza]], [[Italy]]. Ever since, light infantry has been at the core of his career, punctuated by assignments to [[Armoured warfare|mechanized units]], unit commands, staff assignments, and educational institutions. After leaving the 509th as a [[first lieutenant#United States|first lieutenant]], Petraeus began a brief association with mechanized units when he became assistant operations officer on the staff of the 2nd Brigade, [[24th Infantry Division (United States)|24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)]] at [[Fort Stewart]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. In 1979, he assumed command of a [[Company (military unit)|company]] in the same division: Company A, 2nd Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized), and then served as that battalion's operations officer, a major's position that he held as a junior captain. In 1988–1989, he also served as operations officer to the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized)'s [[1st Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized)]] and its 1st Brigade.
====1980s====
In 1981, Petraeus became [[aide-de-camp]] to the Commanding General of the [[24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)]].<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6952481 NPR news story]</ref> He spent the next few years furthering his military and civilian education, including spending 1982-83 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; 1983-85 at Princeton; and 1985-87 at West Point. After earning his Ph.D. and teaching at West Point, Petraeus continued up the rungs of the command ladder, serving as military assistant to Gen. [[John Galvin]], the [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|Supreme Allied Commander in Europe]]. From there, he moved to the [[3rd Infantry Division (United States)|3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized)]] and then to a post as aide and assistant executive officer to the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, Gen. [[Carl Vuono]], in Washington, D.C.
====1990s====
Upon promotion to [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]], Petraeus moved from the office of the Chief of Staff to [[Fort Campbell]], [[Kentucky]], where he commanded the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)'s 3rd Battalion, [[187th Infantry Regiment (United States)|187th Infantry Regiment]] from 1991–1993. As battalion commander of the [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/3-187in.htm Iron Rakkasans], he suffered one of the more dramatic incidents in his career when, in 1991, he was accidentally shot in the chest during a [[live-fire exercise]] when a soldier tripped and his rifle discharged. He was taken to [[Vanderbilt University Medical Center]], [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]], where he was operated on by future [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Bill Frist]]. The hospital released him early after he did fifty push ups without resting, just a few days after the accident.<ref>
{{cite news
|first=Rick
|last=Atkinson
|title=Iraq Will be Petraeus's Knot to Untie
|work=The Washington Post
|page=A15
|date=[[January 7]] [[2007]]}}
</ref><ref>Atkinson, Rick, ''In the Company of Soldiers: A Chronicle of Combat'' (New York City: Henry Holt & Co., 2004, ISBN 0-641-78803-7), p. 38.</ref>
During 1993–94, Petraeus continued his long association with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) as the division's Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3 (plans, operations and training) and installation Director of Plans, Training, and Mobilization (DPTM). In 1995, he was assigned to the [[United Nations]] Mission in [[Haiti]] Military Staff as its Chief Operations Officer during [[Operation Uphold Democracy]]. His next command, from 1995–97, was the 1st Brigade, [[82nd Airborne Division]], centered on the [[504th Infantry Regiment (United States)|504th Parachute Infantry Regiment]]. At that post, his brigade's training cycle at [[Fort Polk|Fort Polk's Joint Readiness Training Center]] for low-intensity warfare was chronicled by novelist and military enthusiast [[Tom Clancy]] in his book ''[[Airborne (book)|Airborne]]''. From 1997-99 Petraeus served in the Pentagon as Executive Assistant to the Director of the Joint Staff and then to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Gen. [[Henry Shelton]], who described Petraeus as "a high-energy individual who likes to lead from the front, in any field he is going into."<ref> Barnes, Julian [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/051031/31petraeus_2.htm An Open Mind for a New Army] May 31, 2005, accessed April 2, 2008</ref> In 1999, as a [[Brigadier General (United States)|brigadier general]], Petraeus returned to the 82nd, serving as the assistant division commander for operations and then, briefly, as acting commanding general. During his time with the 82nd, he deployed to [[Kuwait]] as part of [[Operation Desert Spring]], the continuous rotation of combat forces through Kuwait during the decade after the [[Gulf War]].
====2000s====
[[Image:Petraeus and Lieutenant General William S. Wallace.jpg|right|thumb|Camp New Jersey, Kuwait (March 21, 2003)—Major General David H. Petraeus (right), commanding general, 101st Airborne Division, (Air Assault) looks on as Lieutenant General [[William S. Wallace]], V Corps commanding general speaks to soldiers.]] From the 82nd, he moved on to serve as Chief of Staff of [[XVIII Airborne Corps]] at [[Fort Bragg]] during 2000–2001. In 2000, Petraeus suffered his second major injury, when, during a civilian [[skydiving]] jump, his parachute collapsed at low altitude due to a hook turn, resulting in a hard landing that broke his pelvis. He was selected for promotion to [[Major General (United States)|Major General]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=2951
|title = General Officer Announcements
|accessdate = 2007-10-29
|date= 2001-06-19
|work = DefenseLink
}}</ref> During 2001–2002, as a brigadier general, Petraeus served a ten-month tour in [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] as part of [[Operation Joint Forge]]. In Bosnia, he was the [[NATO]] [[SFOR|Stabilization Force]] Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations as well as the Deputy Commander of the U.S. Joint Interagency Counter-Terrorism Task Force, a command created after the [[September 11 attacks]] to add a counterterrorism capability to the U.S. forces attached to the NATO command in Bosnia. In 2004, he was promoted to Lieutenant General.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=7342
|title = Army General Officer Announcement
|accessdate = 2007-10-29
|date= 2004-05-05
|work = DefenseLink
}}</ref> In 2007, he was promoted to General.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=10409
|title = General Officer Announcements
|accessdate = 2007-10-29
|date= 2007-01-17
|work = DefenseLink
}}</ref> On April 23, 2008, Secretary of Defense Gates announced that President Bush was nominating General Petraeus to command U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), headquartered in Tampa, FL. This nomination requires Senate confirmation.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/washington/23cnd-petraeus.html
|title = 2 Commanders Picked to Lead War Efforts Beyond 2008
|accessdate = 2008-04-25
|date=2008-04-24
|work = New York Times
}}</ref>
====Involvement in the Iraq War====
=====101st Airborne Division=====
In [[2003 in Iraq|2003]], Petraeus, then a Major General, saw combat for the first time when he commanded the 101st Airborne Division during [[V Corps (United States)|V Corps's]] drive to [[Baghdad]]. In a campaign chronicled in detail by [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author [[Rick Atkinson]] of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in the book ''In the Company of Soldiers'', Petraeus led his division through fierce fighting south of [[Baghdad]], in [[Karbala]], [[Al Hillah|Hilla]], and [[Najaf]]. Following the fall of [[Baghdad]], the division conducted the longest [[Military helicopters|heliborne assault]] on record in order to reach [[Ninawa Governorate|Ninawa Province]], where it would spend much of [[2003 in Iraq|2003]]. The 1st Brigade was responsible for the area [[Ninawa Governorate|south of Mosul]], the 2nd Brigade for the city itself, and the 3rd Brigade for the region stretching toward the [[Syria]]n border. An often-repeated story of Petraeus's time with the 101st is his asking of [[Embedded journalist|embedded]] ''[[Washington Post]]'' [[reporter]] [[Rick Atkinson]] to "Tell me how this ends,"<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E5DF1230F937A35757C0A9629C8B63&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FPeople%2FH%2FHussein%2C%20Qusay The Story of O - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> an anecdote he and other journalists have used to portray Petraeus as an early recognizer of the difficulties that would follow the fall of [[Baghdad]].<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article2439520.ece US general who acknowledges that the way ahead is not easy - Middle East, World - Independent.co.uk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/06/AR2007010601185.html?sub=AR Iraq Will Be Petraeus's Knot to Untie - washingtonpost.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/16/iraq/main2579098.shtml Iraq: Tell Me How This Ends, David Martin: It's Not Worth Arguing About Who Made Mistakes, Just How To End The War - CBS News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6952481 NPR: Petraeus Set for Another Shot at Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://article.nationalreview.com/print/?q=ODA4YTI0NmQ0ZGI4YzFjNWU5OTM1MzQyOTkzMjQ4M2M= Mark Hemingway on David Petraeus & Media on National Review Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/04/15/ING5GP49UK902.DTL CAN PETRAEUS LEAD U.S. TO VICTORY? / General may be military's best - and last - hope in Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[Image:Rabia border crossing.jpg|right|thumb|Maj. Gen. David H. Petraeus, commanding general of the 101st Airborne Division; Ghanim Al-Baso, interim mayor of Mosul and the Nineveh province; Turkey Hazaa'a, chief of the Mosul customs office; and Sheike Fenar Ahmad Sfwok, sheikh of the Al-Shammari tribe and government of Rabin sign an agreement to reopen the Rabia border crossing with Syria, May 13, 2003.]]
In [[Mosul]], a city of nearly two million people, Petraeus and the 101st employed classic counterinsurgency methods to build security and stability, including conducting targeted kinetic operations and using force judiciously, jump-starting the economy, building local security forces, staging elections for the city council within weeks of their arrival, overseeing a program of [[public works]], reinvigorating the political process, <ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/54322/page/4 IRAQ'S REPAIRMAN | Newsweek Iraq War |Newsweek.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.ksgcase.harvard.edu/casetitle.asp?caseNo=1834.0 CaseWeb: 1834.0 The Accidental Statesman: General Petraeus and the City of Mosul, Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[Ricks, Thomas. [[Fiasco]] (New York: Penguin Press, 2006) page 228-232.</ref> and launching 4,500 [[Reconstruction of Iraq|reconstruction projects]].<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/beyond/interviews/petraeus.html frontline: beyond Baghdad: interviews: maj. gen. david petraeus |PBS<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> This approach can be attributed to Petraeus, who had been steeped in nation-building during his previous tours in places like Bosnia and Haiti and thus approached nation-building as a central military mission and who was "prepared to act while the civilian authority in Baghdad was still getting organized," according to Michael Gordon of ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref> Gordon, Michael. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9503E2DB1038F937A3575AC0A9659C8B63 101st Scores Success in Northern Iraq] September 4, 2003.</ref> Some Iraqis gave Petraeus the nickname '[[King David]]',<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/06/wirq106.xml Biggest challenge for 'pied piper of N. Iraq' - Telegraph<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/54322/page/4 IRAQ'S REPAIRMAN | Newsweek Iraq War |Newsweek.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> which was later adopted by some of his colleagues.<ref>[http://www.military.com/forums/0,15240,126628,00.html Petraeus, Our Old New Man in Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6730560 NPR: Leader of the Fabled 101st to Command in Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003515887_petraeusprofile09.html The Seattle Times: Nation & World: New Iraq commander tough and driven<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ''[[Newsweek]]'' has stated that "It's widely accepted that no force worked harder to win Iraqi hearts and minds than the 101st Air Assault Division led by Petraeus."<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/54322/page/2 IRAQ'S REPAIRMAN | Newsweek Iraq War |Newsweek.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
One of the General's major [[public works]] was the restoration and re-opening of the [[University of Mosul]].<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805E0DA123BF931A15752C1A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print A REGION INFLAMED: OCCUPATION; Baathists, Once Reviled, Prove Difficult to Remove - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.assistnews.net/ansarticle.asp?URL=Stories/2007/s07090106.htm Welcome support from Petraeus, Crocker for the Assyrian Christians of Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_1_86/ai_n16346153/pg_5 Learning counterinsurgency: observations from soldiering in Iraq | Military Review |Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Petraeus strongly supported the use of commanders' discretionary funds for public works, telling [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] [[Civilian Administrator of Iraq|director]] [[L. Paul Bremer]] "Money is ammunition" during the director's first visit to [[Mosul]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200311/ai_n9312775 race to win the peace, The | Army |Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscav.com/uscavonpoint/Feature.aspx?id=169 U.S. Cavalry On Point<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Petraeus' often repeated<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/voices/200604/0418world0.html Washington Week: Student Voices (O)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110010448 The Wall Street Journal Online - Peggy Noonan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID={4E50B495-41D8-4F1E-BDFC-9B24EACA0917} FrontPage Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:6fAG_s1ZC4cJ:www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3771204/+%22money+is+ammunition%22+petraeus&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=23&gl=us</ref> [[catchphrase]]<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,,2160689,00.html America is braced for the general's verdict | Iraq |Guardian Unlimited<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> was later incorporated into official military briefings<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/04/international/worldspecial/04NORT.html 101st Airborne Scores Success in Reconstruction of Northern Iraq<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/CAC/milreview/English/JanFeb06/Petraeus1.pdf</ref> and was also eventually incorporated into the U.S. Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual drafted with Petraeus's oversight.<ref>[http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/841519.html Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency Operations from the U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In February 2004, the 101st was replaced in Mosul by a unit roughly one quarter its size - a [[Stryker]] brigade. The following summer, the Governor of Nineveh Province was assassinated and most of the Sunni Arab Provincial Council members walked out in the ensuing selection of the new governor, leaving Kurdish members in charge of a predominantly Sunni Arab province. Later that year, the local police commander defected to the Kurdish Minister of Interior in Irbil after repeated assassination attempts against him, attacks on his house, and the kidnapping of his sister. The largely [[Sunni]] [[Arab]] police collapsed under insurgent attacks launched at the same time Coalition Forces attacked Fallujah in November 2004.
There are differing explanations for the apparent collapse of the police force in Mosul. ''[[The Guardian]]'' quoted an anonymous US diplomat saying "Mosul basically collapsed after he [Petraeus] left".<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,,2166212,00.html The Teflon general with a liking for the limelight | Iraq |Guardian Unlimited<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Former diplomat [[Peter Galbraith]], a paid adviser to the Kurdish Regional Government<ref>[http://www.theotheriraq.com/bio_peter.html Ambassador Peter Galbraith, Adivser to the Kurdistan Regional Government]</ref>, criticized Petraeus's command of the 101st, saying his achievements have been exaggerated and his reputation is inflated.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,,2027289,00.html A warrior and a scholar - America's last best hope for salvation in Iraq | Iraq |Guardian Unlimited<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He wrote for ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'' that "Petraeus ignored warnings from America's [[Kurds in Iraq|Kurdish]] allies that he was appointing the wrong people to key positions in Mosul's local government and police."<ref>[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/19950#fn1 The Surge - The New York Review of Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> On the other hand, in the book ''Fiasco'', ''[[Washington Post]]'' reporter Tom Ricks wrote that "Mosul was quiet while he (Petraeus) was there, and likely would have remained so had his successor had as many troops as he had--and as much understanding of counterinsurgency techniques." Ricks went on to note that "the population-oriented approach Petraeus took in Mosul in 2003 would be the one the entire U.S. Army in Iraq was trying to adopt in 2006."<ref> [[Fiasco]] by Thomas Ricks (New York: Penguin Press, 2006) page 232</ref> ''[[Time]]'' columnist [[Joe Klein]] largely agreed with Ricks, writing that the [[Stryker]] brigade that replaced the 101st "didn't do any of the local governance that Petraeus had done." Moving away from counterinsurgency principles, "they were occupiers, not builders."<ref> Klein, Joe. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1576838,00.html "When Bad Missions Happen to Good Generals"] ''[[Time]]'' January 22, 2007; accessed April 16, 2008</ref> ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter Michael Gordon and retired General Bernard Trainor echoed Ricks and Klein, including in their book ''Cobra II'' a quote that Petraeus "did it right and won over Mosul."<ref> Gordon, Michael and Bernard Trainor. ''Cobra II'' New York: Panetheon Books, 2006, pages 455-456.</ref>
=====Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq=====
[[Image:Petraeus ISF Leaders.jpg|right|thumb|Iraqi Armed Forces Chief Gen. Babakir (left) and U.S. Army Lt. Gen. David Petraeus (center) speak with the commander of the Iraqi 2nd Division at Al Kidni in Mosul, Iraq.]]
In June 2004, less than six months after the 101st returned to the U.S., Petraeus was promoted to lieutenant general and became the first commander of the [[Multi-National Security Transition Command Iraq]]. This newly-created command had responsibility for training, equipping, and mentoring Iraq's growing Army, Police, and other security forces as well as developing Iraq's security institutions and building associated infrastructure, such as training bases, police stations, and border forts. During Petraeus's fifteen months at the helm of MNSTC-I, he stood up a three-star command virtually from scratch and in the midst of serious fighting in places like Fallujah, Mosul, and Najaf. By the end of his command, some 100,000 Iraqi Security Forces had been trained; Iraqi Army and Police were being employed in combat; countless reconstruction projects had been executed; and hundreds of thousands of weapons, body armor, and other equipment had been distributed in what was described as the "largest military procurement and distribution effort since World War II," at a cost of over $11 billion.<ref>Ajami, Faoud. The Foreigner's Gift (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006) pages 295-298.</ref>
In [[September 2004]], Petraeus wrote an article for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in which he described the tangible progress being made in building Iraq's security forces from the ground up while also noting the many challenges associated with doing so. "Although there have been reverses -- not to mention horrific terrorist attacks," Petraeus wrote, "there has been progress in the effort to enable Iraqis to shoulder more of the load for their own security, something they are keen to do." <ref>"[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A49283-2004Sep25.html Battling for Iraq]", [[Washington Post]]''</ref> Some of the challenges involved in building security forces had to do with accomplishing this task in the midst of a tough insurgency -- or, as Petraeus wrote, "making the mission akin to repairing an aircraft while in flight -- and while being shot at." Other challenges included allegations of corruption as well as efforts to improve Iraq's supply accountability procedures. For example, according to former [[Interim Iraq Governing Council]] member [[Ali A. Allawi]] in ''The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace'', "under the very noses of the security transition command, officials both inside and outside the ministry of defense were planning to [[political corruption|embezzle]] most, if not all, of the procurement budget of the army."<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=ptqgNq8xnOAC&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=petraeus+%22multi+national%22+security+transition+command+iraq&source=web&ots=hGPHhUbu3v&sig=b5y0mABAYwOeFaEQKLM4K_IFbV4</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' stated in [[August 2007]] that [[the Pentagon]] had lost track of approximately 30% of weapons supplied to the Iraqi security forces. The [[General Accounting Office]] said that the weapons distribution was haphazard, rushed, and did not follow established procedures-- particularly from [[2004 in Iraq|2004]] to [[2005 in Iraq|2005]], when security training was led by Petraeus and Iraq's security forces began to see combat in places like Najaf and Samarra.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/05/AR2007080501299.html "Weapons Given to Iraq Are Missing" on August 7, 2007]</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,,2142774,00.html 190,000 US weapons feared missing in Iraq | Iraq |Guardian Unlimited<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Over a hundred thousand [[AK-47]] [[assault rifles]] and [[pistols]] were delivered to Iraqi forces without full documentation, and some of the missing weapons may have been abducted by [[Iraqi insurgency|Iraqi insurgents]].<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20226447/site/newsweek/page/0/ "Iraq's Arms Bazaar"] in ''[[Newsweek]]''</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20070814/ai_n19468493 "U.S. shoots self in foot with lost weapons in Iraq"] in ''[[The Oakland Tribune]]''</ref> Thousands of [[body armour]] pieces have also been lost.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6932710.stm "US 'loses track' of Iraq weapons"]</ref> ''[[The Independent]]'' has stated that the military believed "the situation on the ground was so urgent, and the agency responsible for recording the transfers of arms so short staffed, that field commanders had little choice in the matter."<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2841342.ece Pentagon admits 190,000 weapons missing in Iraq - Americas, World - Independent.co.uk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Pentagon conducted its own investigation, and accountability was subsequently regained for many of the weapons.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/05/AR2007080501299_pf.html Weapons Given to Iraq Are Missing - washingtonpost.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Following his second tour in Iraq, Petraeus authored a widely-read article in ''Military Review'', listing fourteen observations he had made during two tours in Iraq, including: do not do too much with your own hands, money is ammunition, increasing the number of stakeholders is critical to success, success in a counterinsurgency requires more than just military operations, ultimate success depends on local leaders, there is no substitute for flexible and adaptable leaders, and, finally, a leader's most important task is to set the right tone.<ref>[http://usacac.army.mil/CAC/milreview/English/JanFeb06/Petraeus1.pdf "Learning Counterinsurgency: Observations from Soldiering in Iraq"] in ''[[Military Review]]''</ref>
=====Multi-National Force - Iraq (Spring 2007)=====
[[Image:GEN Petraeus Walking Through Market 11 March 2007 in Baghdad.jpg|right|thumb|The commanding general of the 9th Iraqi Army Division, right, speaks with a journalist from the Al-Arabiyah news channel, left, as they walk with General David Petraeus, center, through the Al Shurja market in the Rusafa area of East Baghdad, March 11, 2007.]]
[[Image:20070614-A-4584J-9099.jpg|right|thumb|General Petraeus discusses issues with an Iraqi Army
commander while on a subsequent foot tour of the Rusafa area of Baghdad, June 14, 2007.]]
[[Image:20070614-A-4584J-9166.jpg|right|thumb|U.S. Army Gen. David H. Petraeus jokes with an Iraqi man over a
cup of chai at a small cafe near the Al Saray book market June 14, 2007. The market area was hit by a car bomb a few months earlier.]]
In January 2007, as part of his overhauled Iraq strategy, President [[George W. Bush]] announced that Petraeus would succeed Gen. [[George William Casey Jr.|George Casey]] as commanding general of MNF-I to lead all U.S. troops in Iraq. On [[January 23]], the [[Senate Armed Services Committee]] held Petraeus's nomination hearing, during which he testified on his ideas for Iraq, particularly the strategy underpinning the "[[Iraq War troop surge of 2007|surge]]" of forces. During his opening statement, Petraeus stated that "security of the population, especially in Baghdad, and in partnership with the Iraqi Security Forces, will be the focus of the military effort." He went on to state that security will require establishing a persistent presence, especially in Iraq's most threatened neighborhoods. He also noted the critical importance of helping Iraq increase its governmental capacity, develop employment programs, and improve daily life for its citizens.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/world/middleeast/24petraeustextcnd.html "General Petraeus's Opening Statement"] published January 23, 2007, accessed April 17, 2008.</ref>
Throughout Petraeus's tenure in Iraq, [[Multi-National Force-Iraq]] has endeavored to work with the [[Iraq|Government of Iraq]] to carry out this strategy that focuses on securing the population. Doing so has required establishing -- and maintaining -- this persistent presence by living among the population, separating reconcilable Iraqis from irreconcilable enemies, relentlessly pursuing the enemy, taking back sanctuaries and then holding areas that have been cleared, and continuing to develop Iraq's security forces and to support local security forces, often called Sons of Iraq, and to integrate them into the Iraqi Army and Police and other employment programs.<ref>Klein, Joe. [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1638128,00.html "Operation Last Chance"] ''[[Time]]''June 28, 2007, accessed April 16, 2008.</ref><ref>Peters, Ralph. [http://www.nypost.com/seven/08222007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/iraqs_re_liberation.htm "Iraq's Reliberation"] ''[[New York Post]]'' August 22, 2007; accessed April 16, 2008.</ref><ref>Robinson, Linda. [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070520/28petraeus.htm "Petraeus Tries to Make Headway in Iraq] ''[[US News and World Report]]'' May 28, 2007; accessed April 16, 2008.</ref>
The strategy underpinning the "surge" of forces, as well as the ideas Petraeus included in FM 3-24, have been referred to by some journalists and politicians as the "Petraeus Doctrine," although the surge itself was proposed a few months before Petraeus took command. Despite the misgivings of most Democratic and a few Republican senators over the proposed implementation of the "Petraeus Doctrine" in Iraq, specifically regarding the troop surge, Petraeus was unanimously confirmed as a four-star general and MNF-I commander on [[January 27]].<ref>Baker, Peter. "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/06/AR2007020601918.html General Is Front Man For Bush's Iraq Plan]", ''The Washington Post'', February 7, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2007.</ref><ref>Sennott, Charles M. "[http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2007/01/28/the_petraeus_doctrine/?page=3 The Petraeus doctrine]", ''The Boston Globe'', January 28, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2007.</ref>
Before leaving for Iraq, Petraeus recruited a number of highly educated military officers, nicknamed "Petraeus guys" or "designated thinkers," to advise him as commander, including Col. Mike Meese, head of the Social Sciences Department at West Point and Col. [[H.R. McMaster]], famous for his leadership at the [[Battle of 73 Easting]] in the Gulf War and in the pacification of [[Tal Afar]] more recently, as well as for his doctoral dissertation on Vietnam-era civil-military relations entitled [[Dereliction of Duty (1998 book)|''Dereliction of Duty'']]. While most of Petraeus's closest advisers are American military officers, he also hired Lt. Col. [[David Kilcullen]] of the [[Australian Army]], who was working for the [[US State Department]].<ref>Ricks, Thomas E. "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16979340/ Petraeus selects team of warrior-intellectuals]", ''MSNBC'', [[February 5]] [[2007]]. Retrieved [[February 7]] [[2007]].</ref>
Since taking command of MNF-I on [[February 10]] [[2007]], Petraeus has inspected U.S. and Iraqi units all over Iraq, visiting outposts in greater [[Baghdad]], [[Tikrit]], [[Baqubah|Baquba]], [[Ramadi]], [[Mosul]], [[Kirkuk]], [[Bayji]], [[Samarra]], [[Basrah]] and as far west as al-Hit and Al Qaim. In April 2007, Petraeus made his first visit to Washington as MNF-I Commander, reporting to President Bush and Congress on the progress of the "surge" and the overall situation in Iraq. During this visit he met privately with members of Congress and reportedly argued against setting a timetable for U.S. troop withdrawal from Iraq.<ref name="CNN Senate Iraq">{{cite news |title=Senate passes Iraq withdrawal bill; veto threat looms|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/04/26/congress.iraq/index.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=[[2007-04-26]]|accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref>
By late May 2007, Congress did not impose any timetables in war funding legislation for troop withdrawal.<ref>[http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_3575.shtml Congress surrenders to Bush, ''FinalCall'']</ref> The enacted legislation did mandate that Petraeus and U.S. Ambassador to Iraq, [[Ryan Crocker]], deliver a report to Congress by September 15, 2007, detailing their assessment of the military, economic and political situation of Iraq.
In June 2007, Petraeus stated in an interview that there were “astonishing signs of normalcy” in Baghdad, and this comment drew criticism from Senate majority leader [[Harry Reid]]. In the same interview, however, Petraeus stated that "many problems remain" and he noted the need to help the Iraqis "stitch back together the fabric of society that was torn during the height of sectarian violence" in late 2006.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/news/20070614/a_iraqsurge14.art.htm Petraeus says security crackdown working, ''USA Today'']</ref><ref>[http://www.capitolhillblue.com/cont/node/2717 Reid Blasts Generals on Iraq (June 15, 2007),''Capital Hill Blue'']</ref> Petraeus also warned that he expected that the situation in Iraq will require the continued deployment of the elevated troop level of more than 150,000 beyond September 2007; he also has stated that U.S. involvement in Iraq could last years afterward.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/17/AR2007061700830.html Iraq 'Challenges' to Last for Years (June 18, 2007), ''Washington Post'']</ref> These statements are representative of the fact that throughout their time in Iraq, Petraeus and Crocker have remained circumspect and refused to classify themselves as optimists or pessimists, noting, instead, that they are realists and that the reality in Iraq is very hard. They have also repeatedly emphasized the importance of forthright reports and an unvarnished approach.<ref>Burns, John F. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/14/world/middleeast/14petraeus.html "For Top General in Iraq, Role is a Mixed Blessing"] ''[[The New York Times]]'' August 18, 2007, accessed April 16, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7155628.stm "Petraeus lauds Iraq violence fall"] ''[[BBCNews]]'' December 21, 2007; accessed April 16, 2008.</ref>
=====Multi-National Force - Iraq (Summer and Fall 2007)=====
[[Image:David H. Petraeus press briefing 2007.jpg|right|thumb|General Petraeus briefs reporters at [[the Pentagon]] [[April 26]] [[2007]], on his view of the current military situation in [[Iraq War|Iraq]].]]
[[Image:PetraeusNYTad.jpg|thumb|A [[MoveOn.org ad controversy|controversial]] full-page political [[advertisement]] by [[Moveon.org]] in the [[September 10]] [[2007]] edition of ''[[The New York Times]]'']]
In [[July 2007]], the [[White House]] submitted to Congress the [[Initial Benchmark Assessment Report|interim report on Iraq]], which stated that coalition forces had made satisfactory progress on 6 of 18 benchmarks set by Congress. On [[September 7]] [[2007]], in a letter addressed to the troops he was commanding, Petraeus wrote that much military progress had been made, but that the national level political progress that was hoped for had not been achieved.<ref>http://www.mnf-iraq.com/images/stories/CGs_Corner/070907_cg_mess.pdf</ref> Petraeus' [[Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq|final report]] on Iraq was delivered to Congress on [[September 10]] [[2007]].
On [[August 15]] [[2007]], ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'' stated that, according to [[Journalism sourcing|unnamed administration officials]], the report "would actually be written by the [[George W. Bush Administration|White House]], with inputs from officials throughout the government."<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pullback15aug15,0,4840766.story?page=1&coll=la-home-center%2F "Top General May Propose Pullbacks." ''Los Angeles Times.'' 15 Aug 2007.] retrieved 16 Aug 2007. (see page 2)</ref> However, Petraeus declared in his testimony to Congress that "I wrote this testimony myself." He further elaborated that his testimony to Congress "has not been cleared by, nor shared with, anyone in the Pentagon, the White House, or Congress."<ref>[http://www.consortiumnews.com/2007/091007a.html Consortiumnews.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/Petraeus-Testimony20070910.pdf "Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq." 10 Sept 2007.] retrieved 10 Sept 2007.</ref>
In his September Congressional testimony, Petraeus stated that "As a bottom line up front, the military objectives of the surge are, in large measure, being met." He cited numerous factors for this progress, to include the fact that Coalition and Iraqi Forces had dealt significant blows to Al-Qaeda Iraq and had disrupted Shia militias, that ethno-sectarian violence had been reduced, and that the tribal rejection of Al-Qaeda had spread from Anbar Province to numerous other locations across Iraq. Based on this progress and additional progress expected to be achieved, Petraeus recommended drawing down the surge forces from Iraq and gradually transitioning increased responsibilities to Iraqi Forces, as their capabilities and conditions on the ground permitted.<ref>[http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/world/20070911_POLICY/Petraeus_Testimony.pdf "Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq"] September 10-11, 2007</ref>
[[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]] [[Harry Reid]] of [[Nevada]] argued Petraeus' "plan is just more of the same" and "is neither a drawdown or a change in mission that we need." Democratic [[United States House|Representative]] [[Robert Wexler]] of [[Florida]] accused Petraeus of "[[cherry-picking]] statistics" and "massaging information".<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/11/washington/11policy.html Petraeus Warns Against Quick Pullback in Iraq - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Chairman of the [[House Foreign Affairs Committee]] [[Tom Lantos]] of [[California]] called the General and [[U.S. Ambassador to Iraq]] [[Ryan Crocker]] "Two of our nation's most capable [[public servants]]" and said Democrats feel "esteem for their [[professionalism]]." He also said that "We can no longer take their assertions on Iraq at [[face value]]"; concluding, "We need to get out of Iraq, for that country's sake as well as our own."<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/democratic-response-presidents-address/story.aspx?guid=%7BD8CCFF12-73A1-48D6-AEFB-860F4D3A2BBA%7D Democratic response to president's address - MarketWatch<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[United States Republican presidential candidates, 2008|Presidential candidate]] [[Duncan Hunter]] called the report "a candid, independent assessment given with integrity".<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/11/washington/11policy.html Petraeus Warns Against Quick Pullback in Iraq] News Graphic</ref> Republican Senator [[Jon Kyl]] of [[Arizona]] stated that "I commend General Petraeus for his honest and forthright assessment of the situation in Iraq."<ref>[http://kyl.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=282218 Senator Jon Kyl Press Office<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Opposition to the Iraq War#Opposition in the United States|Anti-war]] Republican Senator [[Chuck Hagel]] of [[Nebraska]] criticized the report while praising Petraeus, saying "It's not your fault, general... It's not [[Ambassador to Iraq|Ambassador]] [[Ryan Crocker|Crocker]]'s fault. It's this administration's fault."<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14350283 NPR: Political Junkie: The Impact of the Iraq Reports<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A ''[[USA Today]]''/[[Gallup poll]] taken after Petraeus' report to Congress showed virtually no change in public opinion toward the war.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-09-18-poll-iraq_N.htm Poll: Public not swayed by Petraeus - USATODAY.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A [[Pew Research Center]] survey found that most Americans who have heard about the report approve of Petraeus' recommendations.<ref>[http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=355 Summary of Findings: Petraeus' Proposals Favored, But No Lift in War Support<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
On [[September 20]], the Senate passed an amendment by Republican [[John Cornyn III]] of [[Texas]] designed to "strongly condemn personal attacks on the honor and integrity of General Petraeus". Cornyn drafted the amendment in response to a [[MoveOn.org ad controversy|controversial full-page ad]] by the liberal group [[Moveon.org]] in the [[September 10]] [[2007]] edition of ''[[The New York Times]]''. All forty-nine Republican Senators and twenty-two Democratic Senators voted in support.<ref>[http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00344 U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The House passed a similar resolution by a 341-79 vote on September 26.<ref>[http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5icjoZfw9cxthDHzemr2CBJn0hSQg]{{Dead link|date=March 2008}}</ref>
In December 2007, ''[[The Washington Post]]'''s [http://blog.washingtonpost.com/fact-checker/ "Fact Checker"] stated that "While some of Petraeus's statistics are open to challenge, his claims about a general reduction in violence have been borne out over subsequent months. It now looks as if Petraeus was broadly right on this issue at least".<ref>[http://blog.washingtonpost.com/fact-checker/2007/12/most_revealing_bloopers_hillar_1.html Most Revealing Fibs: Hillary Clinton - Fact Checker<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Based on the conditions on the ground, in October 2007, Petraeus and [[U.S. Ambassador to Iraq]] [[Ryan Crocker]] revised their campaign plan for Iraq. In recognition of the progress made against Al Qaeda Iraq, one of the major points will be "shifting the U.S. military effort to focus more on countering [[Private militias in Iraq|Shiite militias]]".<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/iraq/2003968504_iraqplan23.html Iraq | Finding a way forward in Iraq |Seattle Times Newspaper<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
=====Multi-National Force - Iraq (Spring 2008)=====
[[Image:Petraeus Soccer February 2008.jpg|right|thumb|General Petraeus stops at a soccer field to meet coaches and players while on a foot patrol through a Baghdad neighborhood Feb. 12, 2008.]]
On February 18, 2008, ''[[USA Today]]'' stated that "the U.S. effort has shown more success" and that, after the number of troops reached its peak in fall 2007, "U.S. deaths were at their lowest levels since the 2003 invasion, civilian casualties were down, and street life was resuming in Baghdad."<ref name="USA">[http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-02-17-Iraqcongress_N.htm "Progress in Iraq reshapes debate over war"]. [[USA Today]]. Published February 18, 2008.</ref> In light of the significant reduction in violence and as the surge brigades began to redeploy without replacement, Petraeus characterized the progress as tenuous, fragile, and reversible and repeatedly reminded all involved that much work remains to be done.<ref>Robinson, Linda. [http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/iraq/2008/01/17/a-generals-assessment.html "Why David Petraeus Wants to Go Slowly on Troop Drawdowns" ''[[US News and World Report]]'' January 17, 2008, accessed April 16, 2008.</ref><ref>Duffy, Michael. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1708843,00.html "The Surge At Year One"] ''[[Time]]'' 31 January 2008, accessed 16 April 2008.</ref> During an early February trip to Iraq, Defense Secretary [[Robert Gates]] endorsed the idea of a period of consolidation and evaluation upon completion of the withdrawal of surge brigades from Iraq.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23105474/ "Gates: US may slow Iraq drawdown"] February 11, 2008; accessed April 16, 2008</ref>
Petraeus and Crocker continued these themes at their two full days of testimony before Congress on April 8th and 9th. During his opening statement, Petraeus stated that "there has been significant but uneven security progress in Iraq," while also noting that "the situation in certain areas is still unsatisfactory and that innumerable challenges remain" and that "the progress made since last spring is fragile and reversible." He also recommended a continuation of the drawdown of surge forces as well as a 45-day period of consolidation and evaluation after the final surge brigade has redeployed in late July.<ref>[http://www.defenselink.mil/pdf/General_Petraeus_Testimony_to_Congress.pdf "Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq"] April 8-9, 2008; accessed April 16, 2008</ref> Analysts for ''[[USA Today]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that the hearings "lacked the suspense of last September's debate," but they did include sharp questioning as well as both skepticism and praise from various Congressional leaders.<ref>Myers, Stephen Lee and Thom Shanker. [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/09/washington/09petraeus.html "Petraeus Urges Halt in Weighing Troop New Cut in Force"] ''[[The New York Times]]'' April 9, 2008; accessed April 16, 2008</ref><ref> Michaels, Jim and David Jackson [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2008-04-08-petraeus-iraq_N.htm "Petraeus' Testimony Met with Praise, Skepticism"] ''[[USA Today]]'' April 9, 2008; accessed April 16, 2008</ref>
In late May 2008, the [[Senate Armed Services Committee]] held nomination hearings for Petraeus and [[Raymond T. Odierno|Lieutenant General Ray Odierno]] to lead [[CENTCOM|United States Central Command]] and [[Multinational Force Iraq|Multi-National Force-Iraq]], respectively. During the hearings, Committee Chairman [[Carl Levin]] praised these two men, stating that "we owe Gen. Petraeus and Gen. Odierno a debt of gratitude for the commitment, determination and strength that they brought to their areas of responsibility. And regardless of how long the administration may choose to remain engaged in the strife in that country, our troops are better off with the leadership these two distinguished soldiers provide." <ref>Flaherty, Anne. [http://www.salon.com/wires/ap/2008/05/22/D90QNMHO5_petraeus_confirmation/index.html] "A Top Senate Democrat Signals Support for Petraeus" May 22, 2008; accessed June 3, 2008</ref> During his opening statement, [[Petraeus]] discussed four principles that would guide his efforts if confirmed as [[CENTCOM]] Commander: seeking to strengthen international partnerships; taking a "whole of government" approach; pursuing comprehensive efforts and solutions; and, finally, both supporting efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan and ensuring readiness for possible contingency operations in the future. Petraeus also noted that during the week before his testimony, the number of security incidents in Iraq was the lowest in over four years.<ref>[http://www.centcom.mil/en/posture-the-force/33.html] "US Central Command Opening Statement" 22 May 2008; accessed 3 June 2008</ref> Since Petraeus's return to Baghdad, and despite the continued drawdown of surge forces as well as recent Iraqi-led operations in places like Basrah, Mosul, and Baghdad, the number of security incidents in Iraq have remained at their lowest level in over four years.<ref>[http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20093&Itemid=131] Operational Update by MG Kevin Bergner, spokesman for Multi-National Force-Iraq, and MajGen Qassim Atta, spokesman for Operation Fardh Al Qanoon, Baghdad, Iraq, 4 June 2008; accessed 4 June 2008</ref>
==Decorations and badges==
{| width="100%"
|valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor = "#ccccff" align=center
| colspan=2 |'''U.S. military decorations'''
|-
|[[Image:Defense Distinguished Service ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|Distinguished Service Medal]] (with [[Oak Leaf Cluster]])
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Defense Superior Service Medal]] (with Oak Leaf Cluster)
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|ribbon=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Legion of Merit]] (with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters)
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|other_device=v|ribbon=Bronze Star ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] (with “V” Device)
|-
|[[Image:Defense Meritorious Service ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|ribbon=Meritorious Service ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)|Meritorious Service Medal]] (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters)
|-
|[[Image:Joint Service Commendation ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|ribbon=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Army Commendation Medal]] (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters)
|-
|[[Image:Us jointservachiev rib.svg|60px]]
|[[Joint Service Achievement Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Army Achievement Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Army Achievement Medal]]
|- bgcolor = "#ccccff" align=center
| colspan=2 |'''U.S. unit awards'''
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|ribbon=Joint Meritorious Unit Award ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Joint Meritorious Unit Award]] (with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters)
|-
|[[Image:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Meritorious Unit Commendation|Army Meritorious Unit Commendation]]
|-
|[[Image:Army Superior Unit Award ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Army Superior Unit Award]]
|- bgcolor = "#ccccff" align=center
| colspan=2 |'''U.S. non-military decorations'''
|-
|[[Image:DoS SHA.JPG|60px]]
|[[Awards of the United States Department of State|State Department]] Superior Honor Award <!-- this award is a "U.S. Non-military decoration" and therefore is worn before U.S. campaign awards (in photographs, the State Superior Honor Award is the purple-colored awarded preceding (to the left) of the National Defense Service Medal -->
|- bgcolor = "#ccccff" align=center
| colspan=2 |'''U.S. service (campaign) medals and service and training ribbons'''
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[National Defense Service Medal]] (with 2 [[Service star|Service Stars]])
|-
|[[Image:AFEMRib.svg|60px]]
|[[Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Iraq Campaign ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Iraq Campaign Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Global War on Terrorism Service ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Armed Forces Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Armed Forces Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Humanitarian Service ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Humanitarian Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Image:Army Service Ribbon.svg|60px]]
|[[Army Service Ribbon]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Army Overseas Service Ribbon.svg|width=60}}
|[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Army|Army Overseas Service Ribbon]] (with [[award numeral]] "2")
|}
|valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor = "#ccccff" align=center
| colspan=2 |'''U.S. badges, patches and tabs'''
|-
| align=center | [[Image:Combat Action Badge.svg|80px]]
|[[Combat Action Badge]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:Expert Infantry Badge.svg|110px]]
|[[Expert Infantryman Badge]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:Master parachutist badge.jpg|80px]]
|[[Parachutist Badge (United States)]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:AirAssault.gif|80px]]
|[[Air Assault Badge]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:Joint Chiefs of Staff seal.svg|80px]]
|[[Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:GeneralStaffID.gif|80px]]
|[[Army Staff Identification Badge]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:United States Army Ranger Tab (embroided).gif|80px]]
|[[Ranger Tab]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:Multi-National Force-Iraq ShoulderSIeeveInsignia.jpg|80px]]
|[[Multinational Force Iraq|Multi-National Force - Iraq Patch]] worn as his Current Unit of Assignment (left arm) [[Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (US Army)]]
|-
| align=center | [[Image:US 101st Airborne Division patch.svg|80px]]
|[[101st Airborne Division (United States)|101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Patch]]
worn as his [[Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (US Army)]]-Former War Time Service (SSI-FWTS).
|}
|}
====Non-U.S. service medals and ribbons====
*[[United Nations Medal|United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) Medal]]<ref>http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/medals/unmih.htm United Nations Mission in Haiti</ref>
*[[NATO Medal#NATO Meritorious Service Medal|NATO Meritorious Service Medal]]
*[[Image:NATO Yugoslavia ribbon.PNG|60px]] [[NATO Medal]] for [[Yugoslavia]]
====Foreign military decorations====
*[[Image:Ruban de la Médaille commémorative française.PNG|60px|Ribbon of the French commemorative Medal]] [[Médaille commémorative française|Médaille Commémorative Française]] (France)
*Gold Award of the Iraqi Order of the Date Palm (Iraq)
====Foreign badges, patches and tabs====
*British Parachutist Badge
*French Parachutist Badge
*German Parachutist Badge
==Bibliography==
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|publisher =[[Princeton University]]
|year =[[1987]]
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*{{Citation
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|editor-first =George K.
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|year=[[1987]]
|title=Korea, the Never-Again Club, and Indochina
|periodical=[[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]]
|publication-place=[[Carlisle, PA]]
|publisher=[[U.S. Army War College]]
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|pages=59–70
|issn=0031-1723
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|year=[[1989]]
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|year=[[1997]]
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*(2004) "Lessons of the Iraq War and Its Aftermath" (summary of remarks)
*(2006) "Learning Counterinsurgency: Observations from Soldiering in Iraq," ''Military Review''
*(2007) The US Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual (introduction)
*(2007) "Beyond the Cloister," ''The American Interest Magazine''
==See also==
*[[MoveOn.org ad controversy]]
*[[Iraq War|Operation Iraqi Freedom]]
*[[Initial Benchmark Assessment Report]]
*[[Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq]]
*[[Multinational Force Iraq|Multi-National Force - Iraq]]
*[[Iraq War troop surge of 2007]]
==Notes and references==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{Commons|David H. Petraeus}}
{{Wikisource_author|David H. Petraeus}}
*[http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=16 Official Army biography]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8757649066985328357&q=tvshow%3ACharlie_Rose Charlie Rose TV program: ''An hour with General David Petraeus''] Google Video of program taped [[2007-04-26]]
*[http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/p/david_h_petraeus/index.html Profile by] ''[[The New York Times]]''
*[http://www.wws.princeton.edu/qzalumni/testimonials/petraeus.html Graduate Alumni profile] Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
*[http://www.anarmyatdawn.com/companyofsoldiers/ "In Company of Soldiers" (March 15, 2004) by Rick Atkinson]
*[http://www.iraqfoundation.org/news/2003/isept/4_airborne.html "101st Airborne Scores Success in Reconstruction of Northern Iraq" (September 4, 2003) by Michael R. Gordon, The New York Times]
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E5DF1230F937A35757C0A9629C8B63 "The Story of O" (April 4, 2004) written by Christopher Dickey, The New York Times]
*[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/051031/31petraeus.htm "An Open Mind For A New Army" (October 31, 2005) by Julian E. Barnes,U.S. News & World Report]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/world/middleeast/05military.html "Bush To Name A New General To Oversee Iraq" (January 5, 2006) by Michael R. Gordon, The New York Times]
*[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2006/10/26/news/16382.shtml "Our Man in Iraq" (October 26, 2006) by Wesley Morgan, The Daily Princetonian]
*[http://usacac.army.mil/CAC/Repository/Materials/COIN-FM3-24.pdf "FM 3-24 New Army/Marine Counterinsurgency Manual, (December, 2006), Forward written by LTG David Petraeus]
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6730560 "Leader of the Fabled 101st to Command in Iraq" (January 5, 2007) by Tom Bowman, NPR]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/06/AR2007010601185_pf.html "Iraq Will be Petraeus' Knot to Untie" (January 6, 2007) by Rick Atkinson, The Washington Post]
*[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2007/01/10/news/17054.shtml "Petraeus Takes Reins in Iraq" (January 10, 2007) by Wesley Morgan, The Daily Princetonian]
*[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2007/01/12/news/17068.shtml "Petraeus Faces Tough Road in Iraq (January 12, 2007) by Wesley Morgan, The Daily Princetonian]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/12/AR2007011201955_pf.html "Petraeus on Vietnam's Legacy" (January 14, 2007) by Rachel Dry, The Washington Post]—excerpts Petraeus' doctoral dissertation, "The American Military and the Lessons of Vietnam."
*[http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/01/26/iraq.general.ap/index.html "Senate confirms new top general for Iraq" (January 26, 2007) Associated Press, CNN]
*[http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/opinion/orl-alvarez2807jan28,0,3172287.story?coll=orl-opinion-headlines "David and Goliath, and Petraeus" (January 28, 2007) by Steven Alvarez, The Orlando Sentinel]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6285156.stm "US Iraq chief warns of long war" (July 9, 2007) BBC News]
*[http://www.newsweek.com/id/123475/page/1 "Scions of the Surge" (March 24, 2008) Newsweek]
{{start box}}
{{s-mil}}
{{incumbent succession box
|title = Commander of [[Multinational Force Iraq|Multinational Forces In Iraq]]
|before = [[George W. Casey, Jr.]]
|start = 2007}}
{{end box}}
<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME = Petraeus, David Howell
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[United States|American]] [[General (United States)|General]]
|DATE OF BIRTH = [[November 7]] [[1952]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Orange County, New York]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|DATE OF DEATH =
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Petraeus, David}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Dutch Americans]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orange County, New York]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bronze Star medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Expert Infantryman Badge]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranger tab]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Counter-insurgency theorists]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Cornwall, New York]]
[[bn:ডেভিড পেট্রিয়াস]]
[[da:David Petraeus]]
[[de:David H. Petraeus]]
[[es:David Petraeus]]
[[fa:دیوید پتریوس]]
[[fr:David Petraeus]]
[[id:David Petraeus]]
[[it:David Petraeus]]
[[la:David Howell Petraeus]]
[[no:David Howell Petraeus]]
[[pl:David Petraeus]]
[[ru:Петрэус, Дэвид]]
[[fi:David Petraeus]]
[[sv:David Petraeus]]
[[tr:David Petraeus]]