Deme 543955 214470594 2008-05-23T18:35:58Z Neelix 1169106 Broadened other use link {{otheruses}} [[Image:AGMA Pinakia.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Pinax|Pinakia]], identification tablets (name, father's name, deme) used for tasks like [[jury]] selection, Museum at the [[Ancient Agora of Athens]]]]In [[Ancient Greece]], a '''''deme''''' ('''δῆμος''') was a subdivision of [[Attica]], the region of [[Greece]] surrounding [[Athens]]. Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier, but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of [[Cleisthenes]] in [[508 BC]]. In those reforms, enrollment in the citizen-lists of a deme became the requirement for citizenship; prior to that time, citizenship had been based on membership in a [[phratry]], or family group. At this same time, demes were established in the city of Athens itself, where they had not previously existed; in all, at the end of Cleisthenes' reforms, Attica was divided into 139 demes. The establishment of demes as the fundamental units of the state weakened the [[genos|gene]], or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries.<ref>J.V. Fine, ''The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History''</ref> A deme functioned to some degree as a [[polis]] in miniature, and indeed some demes, such as [[Eleusis]] and [[Acharnae]], were in fact significant towns. Each deme had a ''demarchos'' who supervised its affairs; various other civil, religious, and military functionaries existed in various demes. Demes held their own religious festivals and collected and spent revenue.<ref>David Whitehead, "Deme" from the ''Oxford Classical Dictionary'', Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth ed.</ref> Demes were combined with other demes from the same area to make [[trittys|trittyes]], larger population groups, which in turn were combined to form the ten tribes, or [[phyle]]s of Athens. Each tribe contained one trittys from each of three regions, the city, the coast, and the inland area. ==List of Athenian demes according to tribes/phylai== ===Erechthides=== :[[Upper Agryle]] :[[Lower Agryle]] :[[Anagyrous]] :[[Euonymon]] :[[Themakos]] :[[Kedoi]] :[[Kephisia]] :[[Upper Lamptrai]] :[[Lower Lamptrai]] :[[Pambotadai]] :[[Upper Pergase]] :[[Lower Pergase]] :[[Phegous]] ===Aegides=== :[[Upper Ankyle]] :[[Lower Ankyle]] :[[Araphen]] :[[Halai Araphenides]] :[[Bate (deme)|Bate]] :[[Gargettos]] :[[Diomeia]] :[[Hestiaia]] :[[Erikeia]] :[[Erchia]] :[[Ikarion]] :[[Ionidai]] :[[Kollytos]] :[[Colonus|Kolonus]] :[[Kydantidai]] :[[Myrrhinoutta]] :[[Otryne]] :[[Plotheia]] :[[Teithras]] :[[Phegaia]] :[[Philaidai]] ===Pandionides=== :[[Angele]] :[[Konthyle]] :[[Kydathenaion]] :[[Kytheros]] :[[Myrrhinous]] :[[Oa]] :[[Prasiai]] :[[Probalinthos]] :[[Upper Paiania]] :[[Lower Paiania]] :[[Steiria]] ===Leontides=== :[[Aithalidai]] :[[Halimous]] :[[Deiradiotai]] :[[Hecale]] :[[Eupyridai]] :[[Kettos]] :[[Kolonai]] :[[Kropidai]] :[[Leukonion]] :[[Oion Kerameikon]] :[[Paionidai]] :[[Pelekes]] :[[Upper Potamos]] :[[Lower Potamos]] :[[Potamioi-Deiradiotai]] :[[Skambonidai]] :[[Sounion]] :[[Hybadai]] :[[Phrearrhioi]] :[[Cholleidai]] ===Acamantides=== :[[Hagnous]] :[[Eiresidai]] :[[Eitea]] :[[Hermos]] :[[Iphistiadai]] :[[Thorikos]] :[[Kerameis]] :[[Kephale]] :[[Kikynna]] :[[Kyrteidai]] :[[Poros]] :[[Prospalta]] :[[Sphettos]] :[[Cholargos]] ===Oenides=== :[[Acharnai]] :[[Boutadai]] :[[Epikephisia]] :[[Thria]] :[[Hippotomadai]] :[[Kothokidai]] :[[Lakiadai]] :[[Lousia]] :[[Oe]] :[[Perithoidai]] :[[Ptelea]] :[[Tyrmeidai]] :[[Phyle]] ===Cecropides=== :[[Athmonon]] :[[Aixone]] :[[Halai]] :[[Daidalidai]] :[[Epieikidai]] :[[Melite]] :[[Xypete]] :[[Pithos]] :[[Sypalettos]] :[[Trinemeia]] :[[Phlya]] ===Hippothoontides=== :[[Azenia]] :[[Hamaxanteia]] :[[Anakaia]] :[[Auridai]] :[[Acherdous]] :[[Dekeleia]] :[[Elaious]] :[[Eleusis]] :[[Eroiadai]] :[[Thymaitadai]] :[[Keiriadai]] :[[Koile]] :[[Kopros]] :[[Korydallos]] :[[Oenoe (Attica)|Oenoe]] (of the west) :[[Oion Dekeleikon]] :[[Peiraeus]] ===Æantides=== :[[Aphidna]] :[[Marathon]] :[[Oenoe (Attica)|Oenoe]] (of the east) :[[Rhamnous]] :[[Trikorynthos]] :[[Phaleron]] ===Antiochides=== :[[Aigilia]] :[[Alopeke]] :[[Amphitrope]] :[[Anaphlystos]] :[[Atene]] :[[Besa]] :[[Eitea]] :[[Eroidai]] :[[Ergadeis]] :[[Thorai]] :[[Kolonai]] :[[Krioa]] :[[Leukopyra]] :[[Pallene]] :[[Semachidai]] :[[Phyrrhinesioi]] == Later usage == The term ''deme'' (''dēmos'') survived into the Hellenistic and Roman eras. By the time of the [[Byzantine Empire]], the term was used to refer to one of the four [[chariot racing]] factions, the Reds, the Blues, the Greens and the Whites. In modern Greece, the term ''dēmos'' is used to denote the [[Municipalities of Greece|municipalities]]. == References == *Fine, John V.A. ''The Ancient Greeks: A critical history'' (Harvard University Press, 1983) ISBN 0-674-03314-0 *Hornblower, Simon, and Anthony Spawforth ed., ''The Oxford Classical Dictionary'' (Oxford University Press, 2003) ISBN 0-19-866172-X *Suzanne, Bernard (1998). ''plato-dialogues.org'', [http://plato-dialogues.org/tools/attica.htm#demoi "Attic Tribes and Demes"]. Accessed August 1, 2006 == Footnotes == {{reflist}} {{Types of administrative country subdivision|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Ancient Greece]] [[Category:History of Athens]] [[es:Demo (Grecia)]] [[fr:Dème (Athènes antique)]] [[it:Demo (Atene)]] [[nl:Deme (bestuur)]] [[no:Deme]] [[pl:Deme]] [[ru:Демы]]