Demographics of New York City 1729017 225629614 2008-07-14T17:11:52Z 70.23.245.26 /* Chinese */ [[Image:New York City Dist Growth Per Capita 1900 to 2000.png|300px|thumb|right|Population growth (blue) and population loss (red) from 1990 to 2000. (Click on image to see full key and data.)]] The '''demographics of [[New York City]]''' depict a uniquely large and [[Multiculturalism|ethnically diverse]] [[metropolis]], the largest city in the [[United States]], with a population defined by a long history of international [[immigration]]. New York City is home to more than 8 million people, accounting for about 40% of the population of [[New York State]] and a similar percentage of the [[New York metropolitan area]], home to about 20 million. Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach 9.7 million by 2025.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} Throughout its history New York City has been a major point of entry for [[immigrants]]; the term "[[melting pot]]" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the [[Lower East Side]]. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36% of its population was foreign born.<ref name="languages in NYC">{{cite news|author=New York State Office of the State Comptroller|title=Queens: Economic Development and the State of the Borough Economy|date=06-2006|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt3-2007queens.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref><ref name="NYC immigration">{{cite news|title=The Newest New Yorkers: 2000|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2005|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny_briefing_booklet.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> ==Current demographics== {| id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 5em; width: 35%; font-size: 75%;" cellspacing="3" !colspan="3"|'''New York City Compared''' |- |'''[[United States Census, 2000|2000 Census]]'''||'''NY City'''||'''NY State'''||'''U.S.''' |- |Total population||8,213,839<ref name="census">{{cite web |publisher=[[New York Post]] |title=Big Apple Coming to Its Census |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/03202008/news/regionalnews/big_apple_coming_to_its_census_102755.htm |accessdate=2008-03-20}}</ref>||18,976,457||281,421,906 |- |Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000||+9.4%||+5.5%||+13.1% |- |Population density||26,403/mi²||402/mi²||80/mi² |- |Median household income (1999)||$38,293||$43,393||$41,994 |- |Bachelor's degree or higher||27%||27%||29% |- |Foreign born||36%||20%||11% |- |White||49%||68%||75% |- |White (non-Hispa)||37%||62%||67% |- |Black||26%||16%||12% |- |Hispanic (any race)||27%||15%||11% |- |Asian||10%||6%||4% |} New York is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 2005 population of 8,213,839 (up from 7.3 million in 1990).<ref name="census" /> New York's two key demographic features are its [[population density]] and [[cultural diversity]]. The city's population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_lang=en&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1R_US13S&-format=US-13|US-13S&-CONTEXT=gct United States -- Places and (in selected states) County Subdivisions with 50,000 or More Population; and for Puerto Rico], [[United States Census Bureau]] [[United States Census, 2000]]. Accessed [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²), highest of any county in the United States.<ref>[http://gislounge.com/features/aa041101c.shtml "Population Density"], Geographic Information Systems - GIS of Interest. Accessed [[May 17]], [[2007]]. "What I discovered is that out of the 3140 counties listed in the Census population data only 178 counties were calculated to have a population density over one person per acre. Not surprisingly, New York County (which contains Manhattan) had the highest population density with a calculated 104.218 persons per acre."</ref><ref name="census2000">{{cite web|title=Census 2000 Data for the State of New York|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/census2000/states/ny.html|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> New York City is exceptionally diverse. Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for [[Immigration|immigrants]]; the term "[[melting pot]]" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]]. 36% of the city's population is foreign-born.<ref name="NYC immigration" /> Among US cities, this proportion is higher only in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Miami, Florida|Miami]].<ref name="census2000" /> While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten nations constituting the largest sources of modern immigration to New York City are the [[Dominican Republic]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Jamaica]], [[Guyana]], [[Mexico]], [[Ecuador]], [[Haiti]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Colombia]], and [[Russia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000 |publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]] |date=2005 |url=http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny_table_5_4.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> About 170 languages are spoken in the city.<ref name="languages in NYC" /> {{USCensusPop | 1790= 33131 | 1800= 60515 | 1810= 96373 | 1820= 123706 | 1830= 202589 | 1840= 312710 | 1850= 515547 | 1860= 813669 | 1870= 942292 | 1880= 1206299 | 1880n=* | 1890= 1515301 | 1900= 3437202 | 1900n=* | 1910= 4766883 | 1920= 5620048 | 1930= 6930446 | 1940= 7454995 | 1950= 7891957 | 1960= 7781984 | 1970= 7894862 | 1980= 7071639 | 1990= 7322564 | 2000= 8008288 | estimate=8143197 | estyear=2005 | estref=<ref name=CensusEst>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&geo_id=16000US3403940&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US34%7C16000US3403940&_street=&_county=new+york+city&_cityTown=new+york+city&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=Census Data for New York city, New York], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> | footnote= * gained territory<br/>Population 1790 - 1990<ref>Gibson, Campbell. [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States:1790 to 1990], [[United States Census Bureau]], June 1998. Accessed [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> }} As of the 2000 census, The New York metropolitan area is home to 3,372,512 Italians making them the largest white group in New York. The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest number of Jews outside [[Israel]]. There are more Jews within New York City limits than within [[Jerusalem]] city limits, making the New York City Jewish community the largest such community in the world. About 12% of New Yorkers claim to be Jewish or of Jewish descent.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jewish Community Study of New York |publisher=United Jewish Appeal-Federation of New York |date=2002 |url=http://www.ujafedny.org/atf/cf/%7BAD848866-09C4-482C-9277-51A5D9CD6246%7D/JCommStudyIntro.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> New York is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's [[Indian American|South Asians]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile:New York City's Indian American Population |publisher=Asian American Federation of New York |date=2004 |url=http://www.aafny.org/cic/briefs/indianamer.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref> and the largest [[African American]] community of any city in the country. The six largest ethnic groups as of the 2005 census estimates are: [[African American|African]], [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Ricans]], [[Italian American|Italians]], [[Caribbean|West Indians]], [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]].<ref name="acs_socio_05">{{cite web|title=NYC2005 &mdash; Results from the 2005 American Community Survey: Socioeconomic Characteristics by Race/Hispanic Origin and Ancestry Group|publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/acs_socio_05_nyc.pdf|format=PDF|date=2005|accessdate=2007-08-14}}</ref><ref name="nyc_popacs">[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/census/popacs.shtml Population Division American Community Survey &mdash; [[New York City Department of City Planning]]</ref> The Puerto Rican population of New York City is the [[Puerto Rican migration to New York|largest outside Puerto Rico]].<ref>Archive of the Mayor's Press Office, [http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/98a/pr256-98.html ''Mayor Giuliani Proclaims Puerto Rican Week in New York City''], Tuesday, June 9, 1998.</ref> [[Italian People|Italians]] emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early twentieth century, establishing several "[[Little Italy]]s." The [[Irish American|Irish]] also have a [[Irish Americans in New York City|notable presence]]. In fact, more people in [[New York City|New York]] claim Irish ancestry than in any other city in the world; including [[Dublin]]. New York City has a high degree of income disparity. In 2005 the median household income in the wealthiest census tract was reported to be $188,697, while in the poorest it was $9,320.<ref>{{cite news|author=Roberts, Sam |title=In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich |publisher=The New York Times |date=[[April 9]], [[2005]] |url=http://www.fiscalpolicy.org/SamRoberts4Sep05.htm |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The disparity is driven by wage growth in high income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest and fastest growing among the largest counties in the United States.<ref name=ManhattanLabor>{{cite web |title=Average Weekly Wage in Manhattan at $1,453 in Second Quarter 2006 |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor|date=[[February 20]], [[2007]] |url=http://www.bls.gov/ro2/fax/qcew9310.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-02-21}}</ref> The borough is also experiencing a "baby boom" among the wealthy that is unique among U.S. cities. Since 2000, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan has grown by more than 32%.<ref>{{cite news|title=In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way |author=Roberts, Sam |publisher=The New York Times |date=[[2007-03-27]] |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/nyregion/23kid.html|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> Home ownership in New York City is about 33%, much lower than the national average of 69%, which includes non-city dwelling populations. <ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/homeownership/ Homeownership]</ref> Rental vacancy is usually between 3% and 4.5%, well below the 5% threshold defined to be a housing emergency, justifying the continuation of [[Rent control in New York|rent control and rent stabilization]]. About 33% of rental units fall under rent stabilization, according to which increases are adjudicated periodically by city agencies. Rent control covers only a very small number of rental units. <ref>[http://www.helium.com/tm/329063/normally-quite-optimistic-person How to find a cheap apartment in New York City] </ref><ref> [http://www.nyc.gov/html/hpd/html/pr/vacancy.shtml Housing Vacancy Survey]</ref>. Some critics point to New York City's strict zoning and other regulations as partial causes for the housing shortage, but during the city's decline in population from the 1960s through the 1980s, a large number of apartment buildings suffered suspected arson fires or were abandoned by their owners. Once the population trend was reversed, with rising prospects for rentals and sales, new construction has resumed, but generally for higher income brackets. {{-}} ===Population=== {| id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 5em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3" |colspan="3"|'''New York City compared''' |- |'''[[United States Census, 2000|2000 Census Data]]'''||'''New York'''||'''[[Los Angeles, California|LA]]'''||'''[[Chicago]]'''||'''[[New York|New York State]]'''||'''[[United States]]''' |- |Total population||8,085,742||3,694,820||2,896,121||18,976,457||281,421,906 |- |Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000||+9.4%||+6%||+4%||+5.5%||+13.1% |- |Population density||26,402.9/mi²||7,876.8/mi²||12,750.3/mi²||402/mi²||80/mi² |- |Median household income (1999)||$38,293||$36,687||$38,625||$43,393||$41,994 |- |Per capita income (1999)||$22,402||$20,671||$20,175||$23,389||$21,587 |- |Bachelor's degree or higher||27%||26%||26%||27%||24% |- |Foreign born||36%||41%||22%||20%||11% |- |White||35%||30%||31%||62%||69% |- |Black||27%||12%||37%||15%||12% |- |Hispanic (any race)||27%||46%||26%||16%||13% |} New York is the largest city in the United States, with the city proper's population more than double the next largest city, [[Los Angeles]] (or roughly equivalent to the combined populations of Los Angeles, [[Chicago]], and [[Houston]], America's second, third, and fourth most populous cities respectively). The city has a population more than that of 39 U.S. states. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population] The estimated 2005 population of New York City is 8,213,839 (up from 7.3 million in 1990).<ref name="census" /> This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. Over the last decade the city has been growing rapidly. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach between 9.4 and 9.7 million by 2030.<ref>{{cite news|title=New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=12-2006|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/projections_report.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-27}} See also {{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-02-19|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/nyregion/19population.html?ex=1298005200&en=c586d38abbd16541&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> In 2000 the life expectancy of New Yorkers surpassed that of the United States national average. Life expectancy for females born in 2000 in New York City is 80.2 years and for males is 74.5 years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Summary of Vital Statistics|author=New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene|date=2003-04-21|url=http://home2.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2001sum.pdf|accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref> New York's two key demographic features are its density and diversity. The city has an extremely high [[population density]] of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), about 10,000 more people per square mile than the next densest large American city, [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]].<ref>For cities with more than 200,000 residents.{{cite web|title=G.I.S. Lounge U.S. Population Density, 2000 Census|url=http://gislounge.com/features/aa041101c.shtml|publiser=GiS Lounge|accessdate=2006-01-29}}</ref> Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²).<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|title=Census 2000 Data for the State of New York|author=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/census2000/states/ny.html|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> The city has a long tradition of attracting international immigration and Americans seeking careers in certain sectors. As of 2006, New York City has ranked number one for seven consecutive years as the city most U.S. residents would most like to live in or near.<ref>{{cite news|title=California and New York City Most Popular Places People would choose to Live|author=Harris Interactive|date=2005-09-11|url=http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=697|accessdate=2007-03-02}}</ref> ===Immigration=== Throughout its history New York City has been a principal entry point for [[immigration to the United States]]. The city experienced major [[immigration]] from Europe in the 19th century and another major wave in the early 20th century. Since the passage of the [[Immigration and Nationality Act]] of 1965, and particularly since the 1980s, New York City has seen renewed rates of high immigration. Newer immigrants are from Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. 36% of the city's population is foreign-born.<ref name="NYC immigration" /> Among American cities, this proportion is higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.<ref name="census2000" /> While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest countries of origin are the [[Dominican Republic]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Jamaica]], [[Guyana]], [[Mexico]], [[Ecuador]], [[Haiti]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Colombia]], and [[Russia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2005|url=http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny_table_5_4.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> About 170 languages are spoken in the city.<ref name="languages in NYC" /> Between 1990 and 2000 the city admitted 1,224,524 immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|title=2000 Census|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2000|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/mpsf3sb4.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-24}}</ref> ===Ethnic composition=== New York City is a [[minority-majority]] city, or one in which people self-identified as nonwhite dominate demographically. In 2005 44% of the population was identified as [[White American|white]]. 25.3% of the population was black or [[African American]], 11.6% was [[Asian American|Asian]] and 0.4% were [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|American Indian]]. Another 17% belonged to other racial categories and 1.6% of New Yorkers identified themselves as belonging to more than one race.<ref>{{cite web|title=2005 American Community Survey: New York City|author=United States Census Bureau|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=16000US3651000&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US36%7C16000US3651000&_street=&_county=New+York+City&_cityTown=New+York+City&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=}}</ref> The city has several demographically unique characteristics. The borough of [[Queens]] is the only large county in the United States where the median income among black households, about $52,000 a year, has surpassed that of whites.<ref>{{cite news|title=Black Incomes Surpass Whites in Queens|last=Roberts|first=Sam|publisher=The New York Times|date=2006-01-10|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/nyregion/01census.html?ref=nyregion|accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref> It is also the nation's most ethnically diverse county.<ref name="queensdiverse">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/04/nyregion/04fourth.html|first=Michelle|last=O'Donnell|title=In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th...|publisher=New York Times|date=[[2006-07-04]]|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest [[American Jews|Jewish community]] outside [[Israel]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Jewish Community Study of New York|author=United Jewish Appeal-Federation of New York|date=2002|url=http://www.ujafedny.org/atf/cf/%7BAD848866-09C4-482C-9277-51A5D9CD6246%7D/JCommStudyIntro.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> It is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's [[Indian-American|South Asians]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Census Profile:New York City's Indian American Population|author=Asian American Federation of New York|date=2004|url=http://www.aafny.org/cic/briefs/indianamer.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref> and the largest [[African American]] community of any city in the country. New York City, with about 800,000 Puerto Rican residents, has the largest Puerto Rican population outside of Puerto Rico. Another historically significant ethnic group are [[Italian people|Italians]], who emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early twentieth century, New York City is home to the largest Italian population in the US. The [[Irish Americans in New York City|Irish]] also have a notable presence. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+align=top|% Foreign born by borough 1970-2000 |- |align=left|'''Borough''' !<br>1970 !<br>1980 !<br>1990 !<br>2000 |- |align=left|Brooklyn||17.5||23.8||29.2||37.8 |- |align=left|Queens||21.0||28.6||36.2||46.1 |- |align=left|Manhattan||20.0||24.4||25.8||29.4 |- |align=left|Bronx||15.6||18.4||22.8||29.0 |- |align=left|Staten Island||9.0||9.8||11.8||16.4 |- |align=left|'''Total'''||18.2||23.6||28.4||35.9 |- |+align=bottom|Source: NYC.gov<ref>{{cite news|title=The Newest New Yorkers: 2000 |author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2005|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny_table_5_3.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref> |- |} ===Households=== The 2000 census counted 3,021,588 households with a median income of $38,293. 30% of households had children under the age of 18, and 37% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together. 19% had a single female householder, and 39% were non-families. 32% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% were single residents 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 persons, and the average family size was 3.32. The age range was as follows: 24% were under the age of 18, 10% between 18 and 24, 33% between 25 to 44, 21% between 45 to 64, and 12% were 65 or older. The median age in New York City in 2000 was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86 males. The borough of [[Manhattan]] is experiencing a "baby boom" that is unique among U.S. cities. Since 2000, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan grew by more than 32%.<ref>{{cite news|title=In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way|first=Sam|last=Roberts|publisher=The New York Times|date=2007-03-27|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/nyregion/23kid.html|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The increase is driven mostly by affluent white families with median household incomes over $300,000. ===Income=== [[Image:New York City Per Capita Income in 1999 By Borough.png|230px|thumb|right|1999 per capita income was not uniform across the boroughs. Family income was much higher in each borough.]] Overall, the distribution of household income in New York City is characterized by tremendous disparities. This phenomenon is especially true of Manhattan, which in 2005 was home to the wealthiest U.S. census, tract with a household income of $188,697, as well as the poorest, where household income was $9,320.<ref>{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich|publisher=The New York Times|date=2005-04-09|url=http://www.fiscalpolicy.org/SamRoberts4Sep05.htm|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The disparity is driven in part by wage growth in high income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest among the largest counties in the United States.<ref name=ManhattanLabor>{{cite news|title=Average Weekly Wage in Manhattan at $1,453 in Second Quarter 2006|author=Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor|date=2007-02-20|url=http://www.bls.gov/ro2/fax/qcew9310.pdf|accessdate=2007-02-21}}</ref> Wages in Manhattan were the fastest growing among the nation's 10 largest counties.<ref name=ManhattanLabor /> Among young adults in New York who work full time, women now earn more money than men—in 2005 approximately $5,000 more. <ref>{{cite web|title=Women are Winners|publisher=The New York Times|date=2007-07-20|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/07/20/podcast-women-are-winners/#more-394}}</ref> Nationally, women’s wages still lag behind men. New York City's borough of Manhattan is the richest county in the United States. In particular, [[ZIP code]] 10021 on Manhattan's [[Upper East Side]], with over 100,000 inhabitants and a per capita income of over $90,000, has one of the largest concentrations of extreme wealth in the United States. The so-called outer boroughs, especially Queens and Staten Island, have large middle class populations. New York City's per capita income in 2000 was $22,402; men and women had a median income of $37,435 and $32,949 respectively. 21.2% of the population and 18.5% of families had incomes below the federal poverty line; 30.0% of this group were under the age of 18 and 17.8% were 65 and older. The New Yorker who is listed as the richest individual, oil magnate [[David H. Koch]], was worth an estimated $17 billion in October 2007.<ref name="richest New Yorkers">{{cite news|title=Mind the Income Gap|author=New York Magazine|date=2006-11-06|url=http://nymag.com/guides/money/2006/23488/|accessdate=2006-11-08}}</ref> The poorest New Yorkers, 1.5 million people with incomes below the poverty line, are collectively worth less than Mr. Koch's net worth. Of [[List of billionaires (2006)|Forbes Magazine's 400 richest Americans]], 72 live in New York City, and they are each worth at least $1 billion.<ref name="richest New Yorkers" /> New York City's present mayor, Michael Bloomberg, is himself one of the nation's richest men. After Moscow, New York City has the highest amount of billionaires. New York City's [[unemployment]] rate in October 2006 was 4.1%, lower than the nationwide rate of 4.4%.<ref>{{cite news|title=City’s Unemployment Rate Falls to Its Lowest Level in 30 Years|author=The New York Times|date=2006-11-17|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/17/nyregion/17jobs.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|accessdate=2006-11-17}}</ref> ===Religions=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+align=top|Religious groups in New York City |- |align=left|'''Borough''' !Population<br>2000 census !%<br>Catholic !% not<br>affiliated !%<br>Jewish !%<br>Protestant !Estimated %<br>Not Counted,<br>Mostly Black<br>Protestant |- |align=left|Brooklyn||2,465,326||37||4||15||8||33 |- |align=left|Queens||2,229,379||29||37||11||5||15 |- |align=left|Manhattan||1,593,200||35||14||20||9||19 |- |align=left|Bronx||1,357,589||43||16||6||5||29 |- |align=left|Staten Island||464,573||57||15||7||5||14 |- |align=left|'''Total'''||8,110,067||37||18||13||6||23 |- |+align=bottom|Source: ARDA<ref>[http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/selectCounty.asp?state=36&county=25001 The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), Year 2000 Report] Churches were asked for their membership numbers.</ref> |- |} ==Population projections== New York has had the highest population among American cities since the first census in 1790. Growth forecasts project New York will maintain this position. The Department of City Planning estimates the city's residents will swell from 8.1 million in 2004 to nearly 9.7 million in 2025. Similar estimates are made by Urbanomics, a consultant to the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council, an intergovernmental planning group. Their study projects that by 2025, the [[Bronx]] will be home to 1.8 million people and [[Brooklyn]] to 3.6 million. This would mean both boroughs would surpass their mid twentieth century population peaks. [[Queens]] will have 2.8 million people, the study says, and Staten Island nearly 600,000; records for both boroughs. [[Manhattan]], with 1.8 million, will still be short of the more than two million people who lived there early in the twentieth century, many in densely packed tenements. The Urbanomics projections estimate a continuing decline of [[White American|non-Hispanic whites]], although births will again outnumber deaths among non-Hispanic whites after 2010; the number of [[African American|black]] residents will also begin to decline in 2015. [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanics]] and [[Asian American|Asians]] will drive overall population growth until 2025; New York's population is then expected to expand more slowly, to nearly 9.5 million in 2030. That would represent a 16% increase from 2004. According to Urbanomics, between 2025 and 2030 among Asians the total of births over deaths will more than double. The projections also expect the net migration to New York — people arriving versus leaving — will more than triple. New York's economic makeup is also projected to change, becoming generally wealthier; 36% of households are expected to earn more than $100,000 in 2025 compared with 14% now after adjusting for inflation.<ref>{{cite news|title=New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=12-2006|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/projections_report.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-27}} See also {{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-02-19|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/nyregion/19population.html?ex=1298005200&en=c586d38abbd16541&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> ==Historic population figures== [[Image:New York City Demographics 06 500px Julius Schorzman.png|300px|thumb|right|New York City's population with each borough's, in millions. '''<font color="333333">New York City</font>''', '''<font color="CC0000">The Bronx</font>''', '''<font color="008000">Brooklyn</font>''', '''<font color="000099">Manhattan</font>''', '''<font color="FF6600">Queens</font>''', '''<font color="800080">Staten Island</font>''']] [[Image:New York City Demographics 02 500px Julius Schorzman.png|300px|thumb|right|Each borough's historical population growth, decade over decade. '''<font color="CC0000">The Bronx</font>''', '''<font color="008000">Brooklyn</font>''', '''<font color="000099">Manhattan</font>''', '''<font color="FF6600">Queens</font>''', '''<font color="800080">Staten Island</font>''']] {| id="toc" !colspan="7"|Historical Population of New York City pre-Greater New York City'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990|author=University of Virginia|date=2000-02-11|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html}} See also {{cite web|title=Historical Census Browser|author=University of Virginia|url=http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/histcensus}}</ref> |- |style="width:45px" align="center"|'''Year'''||style="width:75px" align="center"|'''Manhattan'''||style="width:75px;" align="center"|'''Brooklyn'''||style="width:75px;" align="center"|'''Queens'''<small>*</small>||style="width:75px;" align="center"|'''Bronx'''<small>**</small>||style="width:75px;" align="center"|'''Staten Is.'''||style="width:75px" align="center"|'''Total''' |- align="right" ||1790||33,131||4,549||6,159||1,781||3,827||49,447 |- align="right" |1800||60,515||5,740||6,642||1,755||4,563||79,215 |- align="right" |1810||96,373||8,303||7,444||2,267||5,347||119,734 |- align="right" |1820||123,706||11,187||8,246||2,782||6,135||152,056 |- align="right" |1830||202,589||20,535||9,049||3,023||7,082||242,278 |- align="right" |1840||312,710||47,613||14,480||5,346||10,965||391,114 |- align="right" |1850||515,547||138,882||18,593||8,032||15,061||696,115 |- align="right" |1860||813,669||279,122||32,903||23,593||25,492||1,174,779 |- align="right" |1870||942,292||419,921||45,468||37,393||33,029||1,478,103 |- align="right" |1880||1,164,673||599,495||56,559||51,980||38,991||1,911,698 |- align="right" |1890||1,441,216||838,547||87,050||88,908||51,693||2,507,414 |- align="right" |1900***||1,850,093||1,166,582||152,999||200,507||67,021||3,437,202 |- align="right" |1910||2,331,542||1,634,351||284,041||430,980||85,969||4,766,883 |- align="right" |1920||2,284,103||2,018,356||469,042||732,016||116,531||5,620,048 |- align="right" |1930||1,867,312||2,560,401||1,079,129||1,265,258||158,346||6,930,446 |- align="right" |1940||1,889,924||2,698,285||1,297,634||1,394,711||174,441||7,454,995 |- align="right" |1950||1,960,101||2,738,175||1,550,849||1,451,277||191,555||7,891,957 |- align="right" |1960||1,698,281||2,627,319||1,809,578||1,424,815||221,991||7,781,984 |- align="right" |1970||1,539,233||2,602,012||1,986,473||1,471,701||295,443||7,894,862 |- align="right" |1980||1,428,285||2,230,936||1,891,325||1,168,972||352,121||7,071,639 |- align="right" |1990||1,487,536||2,300,664||1,951,598||1,203,789||378,977||7,322,564 |- align="right" |2000||1,537,195||2,465,326||2,229,379||1,332,650||443,728||8,008,278 |- align="center" |colspan="7"| <small>* Queens County excluding modern day [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]].<br>** Bronx County excluding modern day [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]].<br>*** First census after the consolidation of the [[Borough (New York City)|five boroughs]].</small>. |} ==Major ethnic and national groups== ===African Americans and foreign-born black people=== [[Image:Apollo Theater.jpg|thumb|230px|125th Street in [[Harlem]], an African American cultural center.]] According to the 2000 Census, New York City has the largest population of self-defined black residents of any U.S. city, with over 2 million within the city's boundaries. Several of the city's neighborhoods are historical birthplaces of urban black culture in America, among them the Brooklyn neighborhood of [[Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn|Bedford–Stuyvesant]] and Manhattan's [[Harlem]] and various sections of Eastern Queens and The Bronx. New York City has the largest population of black immigrants (at 686,814) and descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean (especially from [[Jamaica]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Barbados]], [[Guyana]], [[Bahamas]], [[Grenada]], and [[Haiti]]), and of sub-Saharan Africans. In a news item of [[April 3]], [[2006]], however, the ''New York Times'' noted that for the first time since the [[U.S. Civil War]], the recorded African American population was declining, because of emigration to other regions, a declining African American birthrate in New York, and decreased immigration of blacks from the Caribbean and Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=New York City Losing Blacks, Census Shows|author=The New York Times|date=2006-04-03|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html? There is not evidence that the Black population is declining especially if you include those who are 1)Black in combination with other races; 2)Black Hispanic; 3)the large numbers of Black New Yorkers who are institutionalized for one reason or another(American Community Survey(US Census) does not include them in its yearly counts. For some reason, the New York Planning Commission carves the first two categories out of the US Census 2000 figures then compares the remaining figure with the 1990 figures. The US Census has found that the average age of categories 1 and 2 are between 12 and 18 years old. Follow-up surveys by the US Census Bureau and the Pew Hispanic Survey are the sources for these items. Native Born and Foreign-born Blacks have had and continue to have considerable interaction with each other including cross-cultural exchanges,sharing neighborhoods, political coalitions, and intermarriages. Theres=F30F12FB38540C708CDDAD0894DE404482|accessdate=2006-04-04}}</ref> In 2005, the median income among black households in [[Queens]] was almost $52,000 a year, surpassing that of whites. No other county in the country with a population over 65,000 can make that claim.<ref>{{cite news|title=Black Incomes Surpass Whites in Queens|author=The New York Times|date=2006-10-01|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/nyregion/01census.html?ref=nyregion|accessdate=2006-10-01}}</ref> ===Chinese=== :''See also: [[Chinese American]]s, [[Chinatown, Manhattan]] and [[Flushing, Queens]]'' Like other such districts in American cities, the Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan is an ethnic enclave with a large population of Chinese Americans and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] immigrants. By the 1980s, it had surpassed [[Chinatown, San Francisco, California|San Francisco's Chinatown]] to become the largest enclave of Chinese residents in the Western hemisphere, but in the last few years it too has been outgrown by the lesser-known but larger New York City Chinatown community in nearby [[Flushing, Queens]]. *[[Chinatown, Manhattan]], New York *[[Flushing, Queens]], New York *[[Sunset Park, Brooklyn]], New York ===German=== :''See also: [[German American]]s'' Extensive German immigration to the United States occurred between 1848 and [[World War I]], during which time nearly 6 million [[Germans]] immigrated to the U.S. The German population became widespread throughout the northern half of the country, especially in the Midwestern states. Today German-Americans are the largest self-reported ethnic group in the United States. [[Carl Schurz]], a refugee from the unsuccessful first [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|German democratic revolution of 1848]], served as [[United States Secretary of the Interior]] and as [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[Missouri]]. [[Carl Schurz Park]] in Manhattan is named after him. The influence of German immigration can still be felt in areas of New York City. The [[Yorkville, Manhattan|Yorkville]] neighborhood on the [[Upper East Side]] of Manhattan was a center of German-American culture. As of the 2000 census 255,536 New Yorkers reported German ancestry.<ref>{{cite news|title=2000 Census|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2000|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/mpsfsb7.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-24}}</ref> In the middle of the nineteenth century, [[Little Germany, New York|Little Germany]], in what is now termed [[Alphabet City]], was the first non-English speaking urban enclave in the United States. ===Irish=== {{main|Irish Americans in New York City}} The Irish community is one of New York's major ethnic groups and has been a significant proportion of the City's population since the waves of immigration in the late 1800s. New York City's St. Patrick's Day Parade dates to 1762. As a result of the [[Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)|Irish Potato Famine]], many Irish families were forced to emigrate from the country. By 1854, between 1.5 and 2 million people left Ireland. In the United States, most Irish became city dwellers. With little money, many had to settle in the cities at which their ships made port. By 1850, the Irish made up a quarter of the population in [[Boston]], [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]], and [[Baltimore]]. The Irish play a significant role in city politics, the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and the [[New York City Fire Department]] and [[New York City Police Department|Police Department]]. As of the 2000 census, 420,810 New Yorkers reported Irish ancestry.<ref>{{cite news|title=2000 Census|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2000|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/mpsfsb10.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-24}}</ref> According to a 2006 genetic survey by Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, about one in 50 New Yorkers of European origin carry a distinctive genetic signature on their Y chromosomes inherited from [[Niall of the Nine Hostages]], an Irish high king of the fifth century A.D.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Moore|first=Laoise T.|title=A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=78|issue=2|pages=334–338|date=February 2006|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v78n2/43032/43032.web.pdf|doi=10.1086/500055|format={{deadlink}}}} See also {{cite news|title=If Irish Claim Nobility, Science May Approve|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-01-18|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/18/science/18irish.html?ex=1149652800&en=2336ca46c937614b&ei=5070|first=Nicholas|last=Wade|accessdate=2006-07-16}}</ref> *[[Woodlawn, Bronx]], New York *[[Woodside, Queens]], New York *[[Maspeth, Queens]], New York *[[Sunnyside, Queens]], New York * [[North Riverdale, Bronx]] * [[Riverdale, The Bronx|Riverdale]], [[Bronx]] * [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn]] * [[Marine Park, Brooklyn]] * [[Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn]] * [[Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn]] * [[Belle Harbor, Queens]] * [[Breezy Point, Queens]] * [[Rockaway Beach, Queens]] * [[Roxbury, Queens]] * [[St. George, Staten Island]] ===Italian=== :''See also: [[Italian-American]]s'' [[Image:USA san gennaro vendors NY.jpg|thumb|230px|Street vendors at the [[Feast of San Gennaro]] in Manhattan's [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]].]] New York City has a large population of Italian Americans, many of whom inhabit ethnic enclaves in [[Brooklyn]], [[the Bronx]], [[Queens]], and [[Staten Island]]. The largest wave of Italian immigration to the United States took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Between 1820 and 1978, 5.3 million Italians immigrated to the United States, including over two million between 1900 and 1910. Only the Irish and Germans immigrated in larger numbers. Italian families first settled in [[Little Italy]]'s neighborhoods, the first and most famous one being the one around Mulberry Street, in Manhattan. This settlement, however, is rapidly becoming part of the adjacent Chinatown as the older italian residents die and their children move elsewhere. As of the 2000 census, 692,739 New Yorkers reported Italian ancestry, making them the largest European ethnic group in the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=2000 Census|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2000|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/mpsfsb11.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-24}}</ref> New York metropolitan area is home to 3,372,512 Italians, which is among the largest concentration in the world after [[Sao Paulo]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Milan]] and [[Rome]] metropolitan areas. Italian communities in New York hold some widely attended celebrations and parades, including feasts for regional patron saints, most notably [[Feast of San Gennaro]] ([[September 19]]) by those claiming [[Naples|Neapolitan]] heritage, and [[Santa Rosalia]] ([[September 4]]) by [[Sicily|Sicilians]]. [[Columbus Day]] is also widely celebrated in these communities. *[[Arthur Avenue (Bronx)]], New York *[[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn]], New York *[[Morris Park, Bronx]], New York *[[Cobble Hill, Brooklyn]], New York *[[Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn]], New York *[[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]], Manhattan (New York's [[Little Italy]]) *Pleasant Avenue, [[East Harlem]], Manhattan, New York *[[Howard Beach, Queens]], New York *[[Staten Island]], New York ===Jewish=== :''See also: [[American Jews]]'' [[Image:Abolish child slavery.jpg|thumb|230px|Two girls wearing banners with the slogan "ABOLISH CHILD SLAVERY!!" in English and [[Yiddish]]. Probably taken during the May 1st, 1909 New York labor parade.]] The [[New York metropolitan area]] is home to the largest Jewish population in the world outside [[Israel]]. New York City's Jewish population in 2001 was approximately 1.97 million, 1.4 million more than in [[Jerusalem]] but 600,000 fewer than in Israel's largest metropolitan area, denoted as Gush Dan. However, the city of Tel Aviv proper (within municipal limits) has a smaller population than the Jewish population of New York City proper, making New York City's the largest Jewish community in the world.[<ref>{{cite news|title=World Jewish Population, Analysis by City|author=Simpletoremember.com|date=2001|url=http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/world-jewish-population.htm#_Toc26172080|accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> In 2002, an estimated 972,000 [[Ashkenazic]] Jews lived in New York City and constituted about 12% of the city's population. New York City is also home to the world headquarters of the Hasidic [[Chabad-Lubavitch]] group and the [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobover]] and [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]] branches of [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidism]], ultra-Orthodox sects of Judaism. The Jewish presence in New York City dates to the 1600s, when a Jewish community relocated from [[Recife]] in Brazil, seeking freedom of worship. Major immigration of Jews to New York began in the 1880s, with the increase of [[antisemitic actions]] in Central and Eastern Europe. The number of Jews in New York City soared throughout the beginning of the 20th century and reached a peak of 2 million in the 1950s, when Jews constituted one-quarter of the city's population. New York City's Jewish population then began to decline because of low fertility rates and migration to [[suburb]]s and other states, particularly [[California]] and [[Florida]]. A new wave of [[Ashkenazi]] and [[Bukharian Jew]]ish immigrants from the former [[Soviet Union]] began arriving in the 1980s and 1990s. Sephardic Jews including Syrian and other Jews of non-European origin have also lived in New York City since the late 19th century. Many Jews, including the newer immigrants, have settled in Queens, south Brooklyn, and the Bronx, where at present most live in middle-class neighborhoods such as Riverdale. Nineteenth-century Jewish immigrants settled mainly in the tenement houses of the [[Lower East Side]] of Manhattan. Today New York City's Jewish population is dispersed among all the boroughs; Brooklyn's Jewish population in 2003 was estimated as 456,000, and Manhattan's as 243,000. While three-quarters of [[New York Jews]] do not consider themselves religiously observant, the [[Orthodox Jew|Orthodox]] community is rapidly growing due to the high birthrates of Hasidic sects, while the numbers of Conservative and Reform Jews are declining. Like the Irish, the Jewish community has played an important role in New York City's politics; Jewish voters traditionally vote in large numbers and have often supported politically liberal policies. ===Polish=== Polish immigration to New York City began at the end of the 19th century. In the 1980s, as a result of the Polish government's crackdown on the burgeoning Solidarnosc labor and political movement, Polish migration to the U.S. swelled. [[Polish-American]]s and Polish immigrants in the city generally reside in [[Brooklyn]] ([[Greenpoint, Brooklyn|Greenpoint]] and [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]]). The combined neighborhood is sometimes referred to as "[[Little Poland, Brooklyn|Little Poland]]" because of its large population of primarily [[working-class]] Polish immigrants, reportedly the second largest concentration in the [[United States]], after [[Chicago]]. As of the 2000 census, 213,447 New Yorkers reported Polish ancestry.<ref>{{cite news|title=2000 Census|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2000|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/mpsfsb13.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-24}}</ref> '''Polish-American culture, press''' New York is home to a number of Polish and Polish-American cultural, community, and scientific institutions, including the [[Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America]] (PIASA) and the [[Polish Cultural Institute]]. Polish-language publications with circulation reaching outside the city include ''[[The Polish Review]]'', an English-language scholarly journal published since 1956 by [[Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America|PIASA]]; ''[[Nowy Dziennik]]'' [http://dziennik.com/www/index.htm], founded in 1971, considered the leading Polish-language daily newspaper in the U.S.; and ''[[Polska Gazeta]]'' [http://www.polskagazeta.com/], a Polish-language daily newspaper with headquarters in Brooklyn. ===Puerto Rican=== {{further|[[Puerto Rican migration to New York]]}} [[Image:PR Parade 2005.jpg|thumb|230px|The 2005 National Puerto Rican Parade.]] New York City has the largest Puerto Rican population outside of Puerto Rico. [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Ricans]], because of the changing citizenship status of the island's residents, can technically be said to have come to the City first as immigrants and subsequently as migrants. The first group of Puerto Ricans moved to New York in the mid [[19th Century]], when Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony and its people Spanish subjects. The following wave of Puerto Ricans to move to New York did so after the [[Spanish-American War]] of 1898 made Puerto Rico a U.S. possession and after the [[Jones-Shafroth Act]] of 1917 gave Puerto Ricans [[U.S. citizenship]], which allows travel without the need of a passport between the island and the United States mainland. The largest wave of migration came in the 1950s, in what became known as "The Great Migration"; as a result, more than a million Puerto Ricans once called New York City home. Presently the Puerto Rican population is around 800,000. ===Romanian=== :''See also: [[Romanian American]]s'' The Romanian community of New York City is the largest such community in [[North America]]. The [[United States Census, 2000|2000 Census]] reported 161,900 Romanians were living in New York City. They are mainly concentrated in [[The Bronx]], as well as in parts of [[Manhattan]] and [[Staten Island]]. The [[Romanian Day Festival]], for which the City closes a section of Broadway, demonstrates the strong sense of community of Romanians living in New York. ===South Asian=== {{see also|Indian American}} According to 2005 American Community Survey estimates, New York City is home to approximately 275,000 people from the [[Indian subcontinent]], which includes the countries of [[India]] (226,587), [[Pakistan]] (34,310), [[Bangladesh]] (18,825), and [[Sri Lanka]] (1,094). South Asians constitute 3.5% of New York City's population.<ref>{{cite news|title=Census Profile:New York City's Indian American Population|author=Asian American Federation of New York|date=2004|url=http://www.aafny.org/cic/briefs/indianamer.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-28}} {{cite news|title=Census Profile:New York City's Pakistani American Population|author=Asian American Federation of New York|date=2004|url=http://www.aafny.org/cic/briefs/pakistani.pdf|accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref> A majority of the South Asian residents are concentrated in Queens neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights, Kew Gardens, and Elmhurst. In the borough of Queens, the South Asian population is approximately 170,000, where they constitute 8% of the population. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==See also== * [[Demographics of The Bronx]] * [[Demographics of Brooklyn]] * [[Demographics of Manhattan]] * [[Demographics of Queens]] * [[Demographics of Staten Island]] * [[Crime in New York City]] ==External links== * New York City Department of City Planning Population Division [http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/census/popdiv.shtml] * New York City Department of City Planning Census Fact Finder [http://gis.nyc.gov/dcp/pa/address.jsp] *[http://www.jewishtraveladvisor.com/jewish-community-list.php?ac=New%20York%20city Jewish communities in New York City] * '''The Newest New Yorkers, 2000''', by the NYC Population Division, uses Census information and other federal and local data to take a detailed look at the origins, spatial settlement, and other characteristics of the foreign-born population in New York City and in the larger metropolitan region.[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/census/nny.shtml] * http://www.muninetguide.com/index.php {{New York City}} [[Category:Demographics of New York City| ]] [[Category:Demographics]] [[fr:Démographie de la ville de New York]]