Demographics of Poland 22942 224827780 2008-07-10T16:25:41Z RussBot 279219 Robot-assisted fix [[WP:DPL|links to disambiguation page]] Turks The '''[[demographics]] of [[Poland]]''' describe the make-up of the country of Poland. A number of censuses have assessed this data, including [[Polish 2002 census|a national census in 2002]], and a survey by the [[Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights]] (HFHR), which confirmed there are numerous [[autochthonous]] ethnic groups in Poland. Estimates by [[INTEREG]] and [[Eurominority]] present a similar demographics picture of Poland but they provide estimates only for the most numerous of the autochthonous ethnic groups. ==Historical== {{details|Historical demography of Poland}} ==Nationalities== 96.7% of the people of [[Poland]] claim [[Poles|Polish nationality]], and 97.8% declare that they speak [[Polish language|Polish]] at home (Census 2002). The population of [[Poland]] became one of the most ethnically [[Homogeneous population|homogeneous]] in the world as a result of the radically altered borders after [[World War II]] and the subsequent migrations. This homogeneity is a result of post-[[World War II]] deportations ordered by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] authorities, who wished to remove the sizable Polish minorities from [[Lithuania]], [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]]. Other than the [[Poles]], Poland is also inhabited by: ===Armenians=== [[Armenians|Armenian]] population is estimated at between 8,000 to 15,000, with tradition since 14th century, when around 50,000 Armenians settled down in Poland.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} The remains of pre-war Armenian church organizations serve for the community. The Armenian-orthodox community converted to [[Catholicism]] in the 18th century. There is still an Armenian church in formerly Polish [[Lwow]] (now [[Lviv]] in [[Ukraine]]) with clergy that preach in the Armenian language. Through successive immigrations, the [[Armenians in Poland]] gradually formed a colony. ===Belarusians=== {{details|Belarusian minority in Poland}} In the [[Polish census of 2002]], 48,700 people declared they belong to this group.<ref name="MSWIA">{{pl icon}} [http://www.mswia.gov.pl/portal/pl/61/37/ Mniejszości narodowe i etniczne w Polsce] on the pages of [[Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration]]. Retrieved on 9 September 2007.</ref> They live in close concentrations on south and east area of [[Białystok]], near and in areas adjoining Belarus and Lithuania. ===Czechs=== According to the Polish census of 2002, 386 [[Czech people|Czech]]s live in Poland,<ref name="MSWIA"/> many of them in [[Zelów]] or near the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] border. Arguably, the most famous Pole with Czech roots is painter [[Jan Matejko]]. ===Germans=== {{details|German minority in Poland}} Germans remain in [[Pomerania]], Silesia, [[East Prussia]] and [[Lubusz Land]]. The current estimates based on the 2002 census gives 147 094 [[German people|Germans]] living mainly in the region of [[Opole]], [[Katowice]] and [[Częstochowa]] (south-west part of Poland).<ref name="MSWIA"/> ===Greeks=== Some 4 - 5,000 [[Greeks]] live in central and southeast Poland, most of whom came in 1949, after the [[Greek Civil War]]. It is estimated that after this conflict, some 14 000 Greeks came to Poland, settling mainly in the town of [[Zgorzelec]] in [[Lower Silesia]]. In the course of the time, most of them returned to their homeland or moved to [[Germany]]. Among famous Poles of Greek origin, are a popular pop singer [[Eleni Tzoka]], drummer [[Milo Kurtis]] (who played in such bands as [[Maanam]] and [[Voo Voo]]), and guitar virtuoso [[Apostolis Anthimos]] from the legendary progressive rock band [[SBB (band)|SBB]]. {{Fact|date=September 2007}} ===Jews=== {{details|History of the Jews in Poland}} The [[Jew]]ish community, once numbering 3,474,000, has been almost entirely eradicated, due to the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], in which the [[Nazism|Nazis]] murdered most of the Jewish population of Poland during WW2, and subsequent forced emigration. If not for the Holocaust, they would probably constitute Poland's largest minority group (see [[History of the Jews in Poland]]). The current estimated Jewish population of Poland is about 1,000 (according to the 2002 census).<ref name="MSWIA"/> Its representatives live mainly in large cities like [[Warsaw]], [[Wrocław]], [[Kraków]] and [[Lublin]]. Many Polish Jews often avoid referring to themselves as members of a "[[minority group|national minority]]", as they consider Jews in Poland to be a religious and cultural minority, not an ethnic one. ===Kashubians=== INTEREG estimated there are up to 500,000 [[Kashubians]] in Poland.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} In the Polish census of 2002, however, only 5,100 people declared Kashubian nationality, although 51,000 declared Kashubian as their native language.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} ===Lithuanians=== {{details|Lithuanian minority in Poland}} There are 5,639 [[Lithuanians]] in Poland, according to the 2002 census.<ref name="MSWIA"/> They live in close concentrations, in [[Suwałki]] in the north-east of Poland, and in the territory of [[Puńsk]] commune where they constitute 80% of inhabitants. ===Macedonians=== There are 4,000 to 5,000 [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] in central and southern Poland.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} ===Roma=== There are 12,731 [[Roma people|Roma]] in Poland, according to the 2002 census.<ref name="MSWIA"/> They are dispersed and live on the area of the whole country, although their more numerous concentrations are in the south of Poland. ===Russians=== [[Russians]] are scattered around the territory of Poland but mostly reside in eastern Poland. There are 3244 Russians in Poland, according to the 2002 census.<ref name="MSWIA"/> The HFHR estimated around 13,000-15,000 [[Russians]] are in Poland.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} This society includes also [[Old Believers]] who are members of the Eastern Old Believers' Church and account for 2,000–3,000 persons living in the south-east of Poland. ===Slovaks=== [[Slovaks]] live in some areas in southern Poland, to the number of 1710 according to the Polish 2002 census.<ref name="MSWIA"/> Polish Slovaks inhabit two small frontier regions in the [[Spisz]] and [[Orawa]] (south of Poland, near Polish-Slovak border). Larger groups of Slovaks are in [[Kraków]] and [[Silesia]] region. ===Tatars=== Small populations of Polish [[Lipka Tatars]] still exist and still practice [[Islam]]. Some Polish towns, mainly in northeastern Poland (in [[Podlasie Voivodeship]]) have [[mosque]]s. Tartars arrived as mercenary soldiers beginning in the late 1300s. The Tatar population reached approximately 100,000 in 1630 but the 2002 census showed only 447 people declaring this nationality.<ref name="MSWIA"/> ===Ukrainians=== {{details|Ukrainian minority in Poland}} [[Ukrainians]] are scattered in various eastern and northern districts. In the Polish census of 2002 27,172 people declared they belong to this group.<ref name="MSWIA"/> ===Additional=== There are also national groups of [[United States|Americans]], [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Hungarians]], [[French people|French]], [[Italians]], [[Serbs]], [[Croats]], [[Bulgarians]], [[Romanians]], [[Georgian people|Georgians]], [[Africans]], [[Palestinians]], other [[Arabs]], [[Kurds]] and [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], who constitute small ethnic communities within major cities such as [[Warsaw]], [[Kraków]], and [[Gdańsk]]. Slavic peoples are the majority of the Polish nation, but Poland isn't entirely Slavic when one considers the historic presence of Germanic peoples into the region. Past migrations and settlement of [[Danes|Danish]], [[Swedes|Swedish]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[Flemish people|Flemings]] in the Baltic sea coasts under [[Prussia|Prussian]] rule from the 12th to the 17th centuries left a Germanic influence in Kashubian, Pomeranian and Silesian cultures. ===Declared nationality (Census 2002)=== :''See also: [[Polish census of 2002]] *36,983,720 [[Polish people|Polish]] *774,885 Not specified *471,475 Non-Polish, or multi-racial, including: **173,153 alleged [[Silesians|Silesian]] **152,897 [[Germany|German]] **48,700 [[Belarusians|Belarusian]] **31,000 [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] **12,900 [[Roma (people)|Roma]] **6,103 [[Russians|Russian]] **5,863 [[Lemko]] **5,846 [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] **5,062 [[Kashubians|Kashubian]] **4,500 Other (including Africans) **2,000 [[Slovaks|Slovak]] **1,808 [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] **1,633 [[French people|French]] **1,541 [[United States|American]] **1,404 [[Greeks|Greek]] **1,367 [[Italians|Italian]] **1,112 [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] **1,100 [[Jews|Israeli Jews]] **1,082 [[Armenians|Armenian]] **831 [[Czechs|Czech]] **800 [[English people|English]] **500 [[Tatars|Tatar]] **45 [[Karaites|Karaite]] ==Statistical indicators== [[Image:Poland-demography.png|thumb|550px|center|Demographics of Poland, Data of [[FAO]], year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.]] '''Population:''' 38,116,000 (Dec 2007 est.) '''Population growth rate:''' -0.05% (2007 est.) '''Birth rate:''' 10.20 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) There were 389,000 births in 2007 compared to 374,244 in 2006. [http://www.euromonitor.com/Demographers_hail_Polish_baby_boom] '''Death rate:''' 9.90 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) There were 372,000 deaths in 2007 compared to 369,000 in 2006. [http://www.euromonitor.com/Demographers_hail_Polish_baby_boom] '''Total immigration:''' +70,300 migrants (2006) '''Total emigration:''' -322,200 migrants (2006) '''Total net migration:''' -251,100 migrants (2006) '''Net migration rate:''' -6.90 migrants/1,000 population (2004 est.) '''Total asylum seekers admitted:''' 94,500 (2006) '''Age structure:''' <br>''0-14 years:'' 21.7% <br>''15-64 years:'' 65.3% <br>''65 years and over:'' 13.0% (2005 est.) '''Sex ratio:''' <br>''at birth:'' 1.06 male(s)/female <br>''under 15 years:'' 1.05 male(s)/female <br>''15-64 years:'' 0.99 male(s)/female <br>''65 years and over:'' 0.62 male(s)/female <br>''total population:'' 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.) '''Infant mortality rate:''' 8.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) '''Life expectancy at birth:''' <br>''male:'' 70.3 years <br>''female:'' 78.8 years (2004 est.) '''Total fertility rate:''' 1.39 children born/woman (2004 est.) * TFR was 1.267 in 2006. [http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_population_structure_07_table7.xls] '''Ethnic groups''': Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Byelorussian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other 0.7%, not declared 2.0% (Census 2002) '''Religions''': Roman Catholic 88%, Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Jehovah's Witnesses 0.6%, Protestant 0.4%, Greek Catholic 0.2% (2006) * see [[Religion in Poland]] and [[Catholic Church in Poland]] '''Languages:''' Polish 97.8% (Census 2002) '''Literacy:''' <br>''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br>''total population:'' 99.8% <br>''male:'' 99.8% <br>''female:'' 99.7% (2004 est.) ==Urban demographics== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#DDDDDD ! &nbsp;&nbsp; ! [[Agglomeration]] or [[conurbation]] ! &nbsp;Voivodeship&nbsp; ! Inhabitants <br>(Estimated, 2006) |- | align="left" | 1 || [[Katowice]] ([[Upper Silesian Industry Area|USIA]])|| [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 2,784,200 |- | align="right" | 2 || [[Warsaw]] (Warszawa) || [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovia]] || align="right" | 2,680,000 |- | align="right" | 3 || [[Kraków]] || [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]] || align="right" | 1,250,000 |- | align="right" | 4 || [[Łódź]] || [[Łódź Voivodeship|Łódź]] || align="right" | 1,100,000 |- | align="right" | 5 || [[Tricity]] || [[Pomeranian Voivodeship|Pomerania]] || align="right" | 1,100,000 |- | align="right" | 6 || [[Poznań]] || [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Greater Poland]] || align="right" | 1,000,000 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#DDDDDD ! &nbsp;&nbsp; ! City ! &nbsp;Voivodeship&nbsp; ! Inhabitants<br>[[May 20]] [[2002]] ! Inhabitants<br>[[December 31]] [[2004]] ! Inhabitants<br>[[December 31]] [[2006]] |- | align="right" | 1 || [[Warsaw]] (Warszawa) || [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovia]] || align="right" | 1,671,670 || align="right" | 1,692,854 || align="right" | 1,702,139 |- | align="right" | 2 || [[Łódź]] || [[Łódź Voivodeship|Łódź]] || align="right" | 789,318 || align="right" | 774,004 || align="right" | 760,251 |- | align="right" | 3 || [[Kraków]] || [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]] || align="right" | 758,544 || align="right" | 757,430 || align="right" | 756,267 |- | align="right" | 4 || [[Wrocław]] || [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesia]] || align="right" | 640,367 || align="right" | 636,268 || align="right" | 634,630 |- | align="right" | 5 || [[Poznań]] || [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Greater Poland]] || align="right" | 578,886 || align="right" | 570,778 || align="right" | 564,951 |- | align="right" | 6 || [[Gdańsk]] || [[Pomeranian Voivodeship|Pomerania]] || align="right" | 461,334 || align="right" | 459,072 || align="right" | 456,658 |- | align="right" | 7 || [[Szczecin]] || [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship|Western Pomerania]] || align="right" | 415,399 || align="right" | 411,900 || align="right" | 409,068 |- | align="right" | 8 || [[Bydgoszcz]] || [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavia-Pomerania]] || align="right" | 373,804 || align="right" | 368,235 || align="right" | 363,468 |- | align="right" | 9 || [[Lublin]] || [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin]] || align="right" | 357,110 || align="right" | 355,998 || align="right" | 353,483 |- | align="right" | 10 || [[Katowice]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 327,222 || align="right" | 319,904 || align="right" | 314,500 |- | align="right" | 11 || [[Białystok]] || [[Podlasie Voivodeship|Podlasie]] || align="right" | 291,383 || align="right" | 292,150 || align="right" | 294,830 |- | align="right" | 12 || [[Gdynia]] || [[Pomeranian Voivodeship|Pomerania]] || align="right" | 253,458 || align="right" | 253,324 || align="right" | 251,844 |- | align="right" | 13 || [[Częstochowa]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 251,436 || align="right" | 248,032 || align="right" | 245,030 |- | align="right" | 14 || [[Radom]] || [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovia]] || align="right" | 229,699 || align="right" | 227,613 || align="right" | 225,810 |- | align="right" | 15 || [[Sosnowiec]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 232,622 || align="right" | 228,192 || align="right" | 245,030 |- | align="right" | 16 || [[Toruń]] || [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavia-Pomerania]] || align="right" | 211,243 || align="right" | 208,278 || align="right" | 207,190 |- | align="right" | 17 || [[Kielce]] || [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship|Świętokrzyskie]] || align="right" | 212,429 || align="right" | 209,455 || align="right" | 207,188 |- | align="right" | 18 || [[Gliwice]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 203,814 || align="right" | 200,361 || align="right" | 198,499 |- | align="right" | 19 || [[Zabrze]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 195,293 || align="right" | 192,546 || align="right" | 190,110 |- | align="right" | 20 || [[Bytom]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 193,546 || align="right" | 189,535 || align="right" | 186,540 |- | align="right" | 21 || [[Bielsko-Biała]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 178,028 || align="right" | 176,987 || align="right" | 176,453 |- | align="right" | 22 || [[Olsztyn]] || [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Warmia-Masuria]] || align="right" | 173,102 || align="right" | 174,550 || align="right" | 174,941 |- | align="right" | 23 || [[Rzeszów]] || [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship|Subcarpathia]] || align="right" | 160,376 || align="right" | 159,020 || align="right" | 165,578 |- | align="right" | 24 || [[Ruda Śląska]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 150,595 || align="right" | 147,403 || align="right" | 145,471 |- | align="right" | 25 || [[Rybnik]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 142,731 || align="right" | 141,755 || align="right" | 141,388 |- | align="right" | 26 || [[Tychy]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 132,816 || align="right" | 131,547 || align="right" | 130,492 |- | align="right" | 27 || [[Dąbrowa Górnicza]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 132,236 || align="right" | 130,789 || align="right" | 129,559 |- | align="right" | 28 || [[Opole]] || [[Opole Voivodeship|Opole]] || align="right" | 129,946 || align="right" | 128,864 || align="right" | 127,602 |- | align="right" | 29 || [[Płock]] || [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovia]] || align="right" | 128,361 || align="right" | 127,841 || align="right" | 127,224 |- | align="right" | 30 || [[Elbląg]] || [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Warmia-Masuria]] || align="right" | 128,134 || align="right" | 127,655 || align="right" | 126,985 |- | align="right" | 31 || [[Gorzów Wielkopolski]] || [[Lubusz Voivodeship|Lubusz]] || align="right" | 125,914 || align="right" | 125,578 || align="right" | 125,504 |- | align="right" | 32 || [[Wałbrzych]] || [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesia]] || align="right" | 130,268 || align="right" | 127,566 || align="right" | 124,988 |- | align="right" | 33 || [[Włocławek]] || [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavia-Pomerania]] || align="right" | 121,229 || align="right" | 120,369 || align="right" | 119,256 |- | align="right" | 34 || [[Zielona Góra]] || [[Lubusz Voivodeship|Lubusz]] || align="right" | 118,293 || align="right" | 118,516 || align="right" | 118,115 |- | align="right" | 35 || [[Tarnów]] || [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]] || align="right" | 119,913 || align="right" | 118,267 || align="right" | 116,967 |- | align="right" | 36 || [[Chorzów]] || [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesia]] || align="right" | 117,430 || align="right" | 115,241 || align="right" | 113,978 |- | align="right" | 37 || [[Kalisz]] || [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Greater Poland]] || align="right" | 109,498 || align="right" | 108,792 || align="right" | 108,477 |- | align="right" | 38 || [[Koszalin]] || [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship|Western Pomerania]] || align="right" | 108,709 || align="right" | 107,773 || align="right" | 107,693 |- | align="right" | 39 || [[Legnica]] || [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesia]] || align="right" | 107,100 || align="right" | 106,143 || align="right" | 105,186 |- | align="right" | 40 || [[Grudziądz]] || [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavia-Pomerania]] || align="right" | 99,943 || align="right" | 98,757 || align="right" | 99,244 |- | align="right" | 41 || [[Słupsk]] || [[Pomeranian Voivodeship|Pomerania]] || align="right" | 100,376 || align="right" | 99,827 || align="right" | 98,092 |} ==Notes== <!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> <div class='references-small'> <references/> </div> ==External links== *[http://www.stat.gov.pl/english/ Central Statistical Office for the Republic of Poland] * [http://commonwealth.pl Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage] *[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html CIA World Factbook 2004] *[http://www.minelres.lv/reports/poland/poland_NGO.htm Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights] *[http://www.us-english.org/foundation/research/olp/viewGeneral.asp?CID=39 Poland - Population and ethnic composition] *[http://www.armenica.org/cgi-bin/history/en/getHistory.cgi?1=999=172=31==1=3=A Armenians in Poland] *[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2002/170202.shtml Poland's president expresses regret over 1947 Akcja Wisla] *[http://www.intereg.org INTEREG] {{Demographics of Europe}} [[Category:Demographics of Poland| ]] [[cs:Obyvatelstvo Polska]] [[es:Demografía de Polonia]] [[fr:Démographie de la Pologne]] [[pl:Ludność Polski]] [[pt:Demografia da Polónia]] [[ru:Население Польши]] [[uk:Населення Польщі]]