Demographics of Tajikistan 30111 224827830 2008-07-10T16:25:57Z RussBot 279219 Robot-assisted fix [[WP:DPL|links to disambiguation page]] Turks {{Cleanup|date=July 2007}} [[Image:Children in Tajikistan 25042007.jpg|thumb|Tajik children]] [[Image:Old_bearded_man_from_Tajikistan.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Tajikistan]]'s main ethnic group are the [[Tajiks]], with minorities such as the [[Uzbeks]] and [[Kyrgyz]], and a small [[Russians|Russian]] minority. Due to the fact that not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a '''Tajikistani''', while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves '''Tajik'''. Contemporary [[Tajiks]] are an [[Iranian people]]. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of [[Central Asia]], such as the [[Soghdians]] and the [[Bactrians]], with an admixture of Western Iranian [[Persian people|Persians]] as well as non-Iranian peoples.<ref name=LibCong>[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-13606.html Library of Congress Country Studies - Tajikistan - Historical & Ethnic Background - 1996]</ref> Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either [[nomadic]] or sedentary - and place of residence. Although to some degree intermixed, the nomads are considered to be [[Altaic|Turko-Mongol]] in origin and the sedentary people of Iranian descent, the Tajiks. The distinction became less evident with gradual sedentarization of former Asian Turko-Mongol tribes and gradual intermixing of Asian and Iranian Tajiks who borrowed from both languages. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and [[Uzbek people|Uzbek]] peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.<ref name=LibCong/> With the formation of five Central Asian republics under the USSR, many Tajiks were forced to sign themselves as Uzbek to avoid persecution in current Uzbekistan{{Fact|date=June 2008}}<!--dead or inappropriate link! <ref>http://medlem.spray.se/Samarqand/index.html</ref>-->. Thus almost 10 million Tajiks were forcefully Uzbekisized when Turkization promoted by [[Pan-Turkism|Pan-Turkists]] failed{{Fact|date=April 2007}}. The majority of Tajiks remained outside of their historic lands; that is, almost 10 million in Uzbekistan , 7 million in Afghanistan , 2 million in Iran, and 1 million in Russia.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to [[Bukharian Jews]], who trace their ancestry to the [[Lost Tribes of Israel]] taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan. [[Image:Tajikistan gold teeth.jpg|A Tajik Woman with gold teeth|thumb]] [[Image:Taj PopRurPop1958-2005.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Tajikistan: Population and rural population 1958-2005 (millions). State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, yearbooks from various years.]] ==Figures and age structure== ::''Data from'' [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ti.html ''CIA factbook''] ''unless otherwise indicated.'' '''Population:''' 6,863,752 (July 2003 est.) '''Age structure:''' <br />''0-14 years:'' 39.8% (male 1,376,244; female 1,353,108) <br />''15-64 years:'' 55.5% (male 1,896,509; female 1,915,334) <br />''65 years and over:'' 4.7% (male 140,993; female 181,564) (2003 est.) '''Population growth rate:''' 1.895% (2007 est.) '''Birth rate:''' 27.33 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) '''Death rate:''' 7.05 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) '''Net migration rate:''' -1.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) '''Sex ratio:''' <br />''at birth:'' 1.05 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.02 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 0.99 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.78 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.) '''Infant mortality rate:''' <br />''total:'' 113.43 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 99.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) <br />''male:'' 126.58 deaths/1,000 live births '''Life expectancy at birth:''' <br />''total population:'' 64.37 years <br />''male:'' 61.39 years <br />''female:'' 67.5 years (2003 est.) '''Total fertility rate:''' 4.17 children born/woman (2003 est.) ==Ethnic groups== [[Image:Tajik004.jpg|thumb|Young Tajik women]] [[Image:Old woman from Tajikistan.jpg|thumb|Old Tajik woman (2007).]] [[Image:A Tajikistani man.jpg|thumb|A religious scholar from Tajikistan (2005).]] [[Tajiks|Tajik]] 79.9%, [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] 15.3%, [[Russian people|Russian]] 1.1% (declining because of emigration), [[Kyrgyz]] 1.1% , other (including [[Bukharian Jews]] and [[Volga German]]s) 2.6% (2000 population census). '''Ethic makeup according to the population censuses from 1926 to 2000''' (in thousands)<ref>[http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan.]</ref> <br> Note: The category [[Tajiks]] also includes approximately 135,000 [[Pamiris]] (of which 65% are [[Shughni]]s, 13% [[Rushani language|Rushanis]], 12% [[Wakhi people|Wakhis]], 5% [[Bartangi language|Bartangis]], 3% [[Yazgulyam language|Yazgulyamis]], 1.5% [[Khufi language|Khufis]], and 0.8% [[Ishkashim District|Ishkashimis]]) and 5,000 [[Yagnobi people|Yagnobis]]. Tajiks excluding the Pamiri peoples and the yagnobis thus account for 77.6% of the population according to the 2000 census. {| class="wikitable sortable" |'''Year''' |1926 |1937 |1939 |1959 |1970 |1979 |1989 |2000 |---- |'''Total population''' |827,2 |1383,5 |1484,4 |1980,5 |2899,6 |3806,2 |5092,6 |6127,5 |---- |[[Tajiks]] |619,0 |840,6 |884,0 |1051,2 |1629,9 |2237,0 |3172,4 |4898,4 |---- |[[Uzbeks]] and other [[Turkic peoples]] |176,4 |332,3 |359,6 |455,0 |665,7 |873,2 |1197,8 |1012,5 |---- |Of which: Lakai | | | | | | | |51,0 |---- |::Kongrat | | | | | | | |15,1 |---- |::Katagan | | | | | | | |4,9 |---- |::Barlos | | | | | | | |3,7 |---- |::Yuz | | | | | | | |1,1 |---- |[[Russians]] |5,6 |114,9 |134,9 |262,6 |344,1 |395,1 |388,5 |68,2 |---- |[[Kyrgyz]] |11,4 |26,4 |28,0 |25,7 |35,5 |48,4 |63,8 |65,5 |---- |[[Turkmen people|Turkmen]] |4,1 |3,2 |4,0 |7,1 |11,0 |14,0 |20,5 |20,3 |---- |[[Tatars]] |1,0 |16,6 |18,3 |56,9 |70,8 |79,5 |79,4 |19,0 |---- |Of which: [[Crimean Tatars]] | | | | | | |7,2 |0,1 |---- |[[Arabs]] |3,3 |2,3 |2,3 | | | |0,3 |14,5 |---- |[[Afghanis]] |0,7 |1,0 |0,55 | | | |2,1 |4,7 |---- |[[Roma people|Roma]] |0,19 | |1,2 |1,6 | | |1,8 |4,3 |---- |[[Ukranians]] |1,1 |12,5 |17,4 |26,9 |31,7 |35,8 |41,4 |3,8 |---- |[[Koreans]] | | |0,04 |2,4 |8,5 |11,2 |13,4 |1,7 |---- |[[Germans]] |0,06 | |2,0 |32,6 |37,7 |38,9 |32,7 |1,1 |---- |[[Armenians]] |0,17 | |1,3 |2,9 |3,8 |4,9 |5,7 |1,0 |---- |[[Ossetians]] |0,15 | |1,7 |4,5 |5,8 |7,7 |7,9 |1,0 |---- |[[Kazakhs]] |1,6 |12,4 |12,7 |12,6 |8,3 |9,6 |11,4 |0,9 |---- |[[Bashkirs]] |0,17 | |1,4 |3,9 |4,8 |6,1 |6,8 |0,9 |---- |[[Azerbaijanis]] | | | | |1,6 |2,2 |3,6 |0,8 |---- |[[Turkish people|Turks]] |0,004 | |0,1 | | | |0,8 |0,7 |---- |[[Belarussians]] |0,06 | |1,0 |2,8 |4,0 |5,1 |7,2 |0,5 |---- |[[Moldovans]] |0,003 | |0,04 | |0,4 |0,6 |0,9 |0,3 |---- |[[Mordvins]] |0,18 | |4,8 |6,7 |7,0 |6,5 |5,5 |0,3 |---- |[[Jews]] |0,2 | |5,2 |12,4 |14,6 |14,7 |14,8 |0,2 |---- |Of which: [[Bukharian Jews]] |0,08 | | |0,8 |6,2 | |4,9 |0,02 |---- |[[Chuvash people|Chuvash]] |0,02 | |0,5 |1,7 | | |2,5 |0,2 |---- |[[Georgians]] |0,03 | |0,4 | |0,7 |0,8 |1,0 |0,2 |---- |[[Laks (Dagestan)|Laks]] | | |0,05 | |0,9 | |1,4 |0,14 |---- |[[Poles]] |0,07 | |0,6 | | | |0,7 |0,07 |---- |[[Bulgarians]] | | |0,04 | | | |1,1 |0,07 |---- |Other |1,3 | |2,3 | | | |7,2 |6,3 |---- |Nationality not specified |0,4 | |0,1 | | | |0,05 |0,01 |---- |} ==Religions== [[Islam]] 90% - 97% (mostly [[Sunni Islam]] and followed by [[Shi'a Islam]]), [[Christianity]] 2.5% (mostly [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]]), Others 0.5% (including [[Zoroastrian]], [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í]], [[Buddhist]], [[Hare Krishna]], [[Jews]], etc) <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html#People CIA Factbook - Tajikistan]</ref><ref>[http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Tajikistan/rbodies.html Religious Freedom - Tajikistan]</ref><ref>[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90235.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007 - Tajikistan]</ref> ==Languages== [[Tajiki]] (a variety of [[Persian language]]) (official),<ref>''Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan'', November 6, 1994, Article 2.</ref> [[Russian language|Russian]] (widely used in government and business), [[Shughni language|Shughni]] (spoken in area near [[Khorog]] in [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]]). ==Education== Education is required through high school but completion rate is under 90%. <br />''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 99.4% <br />''male:'' 99.6% <br />''female:'' 99.1% (2003 est.) ==References== {{commons|:Category:Tajiks|Tajiks}} {{reflist}} {{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}} {{Asia in topic|Demographics of}} [[Category:Demographics by country|Tajikistan]] [[Category:Tajik society]] [[fr:Démographie du Tadjikistan]] [[lt:Tadžikijos demografija]] [[pt:Demografia do Tadjiquistão]]