Devo
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2008-07-15T15:08:51Z
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1 typo fixed.
{{for|the baseball player sometimes referred to as "Devo"|Devon White (baseball)}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| Name = <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:BANDDevoLOGO.svg|200px]] --> Devo
| Img = Devo.JPG
| Img_capt = Mark Mothersbaugh performing as part of Devo at the "Festival Internacional de Benicàssim", on [[20 July]] [[2007]].
| Img_size = 250px
| Background = group_or_band
| Origin = [[Akron, OH]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| Genre = [[New Wave (music)|New Wave]], [[post-punk]], [[synth pop]], [[art rock]], [[punk rock]]
| Years_active = 1972 - 1991<br/>1996 - Present
| Label = [[Warner Bros. Records]]<br/>[[Virgin Records]]<br/>[[Enigma Records]]<br />[[Rykodisc]]<br/>[[Rhino Records]]<br/>[[Stiff Records]]
| Associated_acts = [[Devo 2.0]]<br />[[Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers]]<br />The Wipeouters<br/>
| URL = [http://www.clubdevo.com www.clubdevo.com]
| Current_members = [[Mark Mothersbaugh]]<br/>[[Bob Mothersbaugh]]<br/>[[Gerald Casale]]<br/>[[Bob Casale]]<br/>[[Josh Freese]]
| Past_members = [[Bob Lewis (musician)|Bob Lewis]]<br/>[[Peter Gregg (musician)|Peter Gregg]]<br>[[Fred Weber (singer)|Fred Weber]]<br/>[[Rod Reisman]]<br/>[[Jim Mothersbaugh]]<br/>[[Alan Myers (drummer)|Alan Myers]]<br/>David Kendrick
}}
'''Devo''' (pronounced DEE-vo or dee-VO, often spelled "DEVO" or "DEV-O") is an [[United States|American]] [[New Wave music]] group formed in [[Akron, Ohio]] in 1973. They are best known for their 1980 hit "[[Whip It]]", which made it to #14 on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] chart. Their style has been variously classified as [[punk rock|punk]], [[art rock]] and [[post-punk]], but they are most often remembered for their late 1970s and early 1980s [[New Wave (music)|New Wave]] sound which, along with others (such as [[Gary Numan]], [[Peter Gabriel]], and [[The B-52's]]) ushered in the [[synth pop]] sound of the [[1980s#Music|1980s]].
Devo's music and [[stage show]] mingle [[kitsch]] [[science fiction]] themes, [[deadpan]] [[Surreal humour|surrealist humor]], and mordantly [[satire|satirical]] [[social commentary]] via sometimes-[[Consonance and dissonance|discordant]] pop songs that often feature unusual synthetic instrumentation and [[time signature]]s, and their work has proved hugely influential on subsequent popular music, particularly New Wave and [[alternative rock]] [[artists]].
Devo was also a pioneer of the [[music video]], creating many memorable clips that were popular in the early days of [[MTV]], although their use of the video medium dates right back to their very first appearance on stage at [[Kent State University]] in 1973, which was recorded with an early black-and-white portable video system.
==History==
===Early years===
The name "Devo" comes "from their concept of 'de-evolution' - the idea that instead of evolving, mankind has actually regressed, as evidenced by the dysfunction and herd mentality of American society."<ref>[http://www.clubdevo.com/mp/bio.html Devo Bio] ClubDevo.com, Retrieved [[September 11]] [[2007]]</ref> This idea was developed as a joke by [[Kent State University]] art students [[Gerald Casale]] and [[Bob Lewis (musician)|Bob Lewis]] as early as the late 1960s. Casale and Lewis created a number of art pieces in a vein of [[Biological devolution|devolution]] satirically. At this time, Casale had also performed with the local band [[15-60-75]]. They met [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] around 1970, who introduced them to the pamphlet ''[http://fw_alden.tripod.com/id1.html Jocko Homo Heavenbound]'', which includes an illustration of a winged devil labeled "D-EVOLUTION" and would later inspire the song "[[Jocko Homo]]".
The first form of Devo was the "Sextet Devo" which performed at the 1973 Kent State performing arts festival. It included Casale, Lewis and Mothersbaugh, as well as Gerald's brother [[Bob Casale]] on guitar, and friends [[Rod Reisman]] and [[Fred Weber (singer)|Fred Weber]] on drums and vocals, respectively. This performance was filmed and a part was included on the home video ''[[The Complete Truth About Devolution|The Complete Truth About De-evolution]]''. This lineup only performed once. Devo returned to perform in the Student Governance Center (featured prominently in the film) at the 1974 Creative Arts Festival with a line-up including the Casale brothers, Bob Lewis, Mark Mothersbaugh, and Jim Mothersbaugh on drums.
Devo later formed as a quartet focusing around Mark Mothersbaugh and Gerald Casale. They recruited Mark's brothers [[Bob Mothersbaugh]] and [[Jim Mothersbaugh]]. Bob played electric guitar, and Jim provided percussion using a set of homemade electronic drums. This lineup of Devo lasted until 1976 when Jim left the band. The lineup was occasionally fluid, and Bob Lewis would sometimes play guitar during this period. In concert, Devo would often perform in the guise of [[Characters in Devo music videos|theatrical characters]], such as [[Booji Boy]], and The Chinaman. Live concerts from this period were often confrontational, and would remain so until 1977. A recording of an early Devo performance from 1975 with the quartet lineup appears on ''[[DEVO Live: The Mongoloid Years]]'', ending with the promoters unplugging Devo's equipment.
Following Jim Mothersbaugh's departure, Bob Mothersbaugh found a new drummer in [[Alan Myers (drummer)|Alan Myers]], who played a conventional, acoustic drum set with mechanical precision. Casale re-recruited his brother Bob Casale, and the popular line-up of Devo was formed. It would endure for nearly ten years.
===1975-1985===
In the mid-1970s, Devo recorded a series of songs, much slower and more ethereal than the band's typical sound, at Briarwood Studio on High Street{{vague|what city?}}, a small recording studio run by Phillip Gallo and Dave Bennett from the band Armentrout. Gallo and Bennett had a Tascam Series 70 8-track recording deck. The recordings were heavily influenced by Phillip Gallo, the engineer, who was a respected musician in his own right. Even though this material was very "artistic", it wasn't the sound that Mark Mothersbaugh was looking for. While remaining friends with Gallo and Bennett, Mothersbaugh stopped recording at Briarwood. {{Fact|date=April 2007}}
Devo, or at least some members, including Mark Mothersbaugh, also recorded at the house of Rick Dailey (of the band [[Sniper (band)|Sniper]]), who also had an 80-8. Mothersbaugh recorded a song entitled "[[Goo Goo Itch]]" with Dailey on cello, which hinted at the direction Devo's sound would soon take. {{Fact|date=April 2007}}
Devo's big break came in [[1976 in music|1976]] when their short film ''[[The Truth About De-Evolution]]'' won a prize at the [[Ann Arbor Film Festival]]; it was then seen by [[David Bowie]] and [[Iggy Pop]], who championed them and enabled Devo to secure a recording contract with [[Warner Bros. Records]]. By this time [[Alan Myers (drummer)|Alan Myers]] had replaced Jim Mothersbaugh as drummer. After Bowie backed out due to previous commitments, their first album, ''[[Question: Are We Not Men? Answer: We Are Devo!|Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!]]'' was produced by [[Brian Eno]] and featured a radical [[cover version|cover]] of [[the Rolling Stones]]' "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]" and the controversially titled "[[Mongoloid (song)|Mongoloid]]".
The band followed up with ''[[Duty Now for the Future]]'' in 1979. During this period, Lewis successfully sued the band for theft of intellectual property. Devo gained a new level of visibility with 1980's ''[[Freedom of Choice]]'' which included their best-known hit, "[[Whip It]]", which immediately became a [[Top 40]] hit.
Although they started out with a mixture of traditional rock instruments and electronic effects, during the early 1980s Devo adopted mostly or entirely synthetic instrumentation, becoming one of the first American acts to perform on stage using only synthesizers (except for Bob #1 on guitar); they were also one of the first groups in the world to regularly use radio [[microphone]]s and wireless guitar amplifiers on stage.
[[Image:DevoLiveEP.jpg|right|thumbnail|200px|The cover of the [[Rhino Handmade]] release of the ''[[Devo Live (EP)|Devo Live E.P.]]'' ]]
Devo actively embraced the [[Church of the SubGenius]]. In concert, Devo sometimes performed as their own opening act, pretending to be a [[Christian rock|Christian soft-rock]] group called "Dove (the Band of Love)". They appeared as "Dove" in the 1980 televangelism spoof ''[[Pray TV]]''. They also recorded music, later released on the CD ''[[E-Z Listening Disc]]'' (1987), with [[Muzak]] style versions of their own songs to play before their concerts.
In 1977 Devo were asked by [[Neil Young]] to participate in the making of his film ''[[Human Highway]]''.<ref>[http://vermontreview.tripod.com/Interviews/devo.htm Oh Yes, It’s Devo: An Interview with Jerry Casale] Brian L. Knight, ''The Vermont Review'', Retrieved [[December 15]] [[2007]]</ref> Released in 1982, the film featured the band as "Nuclear garbagepersons." The band members were asked to write their own parts and Mark Mothersbaugh scored and recorded much of the soundtrack, his first of many.<ref>[http://www.livedaily.com/news/2987.html Interview, April 25, 2001 at liveDaily.com] Retrieved [[September 5]] [[2007]]</ref>
Devo remained popular in countries such as [[Australia]], where the nationally broadcast 1970s-1980s pop TV show ''[[Countdown (TV series)|Countdown]]'' was one of the first programs in the world to broadcast their video clips. They were given consistent radio support by [[Sydney]]-based noncommercial rock station [[Double Jay]] (2JJ), one of the first rock stations outside America to play their recordings. The late-night music program ''Nightmoves'' aired ''The Truth About De-Evolution''. This paid off, as in August 1981, they found commercial success in Australia when their [[Devo Live (EP)|Devo Live E.P.]] spent [[List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1980s#1981 .28Kent Music Report.29|3 weeks at the top of the Australian charts]]. Later in the year, they came out to Australia and appeared on the TV show ''[[Countdown (TV series)|Countdown]]''
During the 1980s, Devo produced the albums ''[[New Traditionalists]]'' (1981), ''[[Oh, No! It's Devo]]'' (1982), ''[[Shout (Devo album)|Shout]]'' (1984), to diminishing commercial returns and critical success, though they managed to be a successful live band during this time. Following the commercial failure of ''Shout'', Warner Bros. dropped Devo from their label. Shortly after, claiming to feel creatively uninspired, Alan Myers left the band. Devo went on hiatus for two years.
During the interim, Mark Mothersbaugh began composing music for the TV show ''[[Pee-Wee's Playhouse]]'', and released an elaborately packaged solo [[audio cassette|cassette]], ''[[Musik for Insomniaks]],'' which was later expanded and released as two [[CD]]s in 1988.
===1987-1994===
In 1987, Devo reformed with new drummer [[David Kendrick]]. Their first project was a soundtrack for the flop horror film ''[[Slaughterhouse Rock]]'', starring [[Toni Basil]]. Devo had previously collaborated with Basil on her 1982 album [[Word of Mouth]], and she had been in a relationship with Gerald Casale. The band released ''[[Total Devo]]'' in 1988 on [[Enigma Records]]. This album included two songs used in the ''Slaughterhouse Rock'' soundtrack. The song "Baby Doll" was used in the film ''[[Tapeheads]]'', and was credited to (and shown in a music video by) a fictitious Swedish band called Cube-Squared.
Devo followed this up with a world tour, and released the live album ''[[Now It Can Be Told: DEVO at the Palace]]''. However, ''Total Devo'' was not a commercial success, and received poor critical reviews.
1990 saw the release of ''[[Smooth Noodle Maps]]'', which would be the last Devo album. It, too, was not a commercial success. Devo launched a European concert tour, but poor ticket sales caused it to be ended early. The band had a falling out soon after, though played one show in 1991 before breaking up. Posthumously, two albums of demo recordings from 1974 to 1977—''[[Hardcore Devo: Volume One]]'' (1990) and ''[[Hardcore Devo: Volume Two]]'' (1991)—were released on [[Rykodisc]], as well as an album of early live recordings, ''[[DEVO Live: The Mongoloid Years]]''.
Mark Mothersbaugh started [[Mutato Muzika]], a commercial music production studio, taking with him Bob Mothersbaugh and Bob Casale. The former works as a [[composer]], and the latter as a [[recording engineer]]. David Kendrick also worked for Tom Molloy for a short period of time. Mark has gained considerable success in [[songwriter|writing]] and producing music for [[television]] programs (starting with ''[[Pee Wee's Playhouse]]'' and perhaps most famously with ''[[Rugrats]]''), [[video game]]s, [[cartoon]]s, and movies (notably working alongside director [[Wes Anderson]]).
Gerald Casale began a career as a director of music videos and commercials. He has worked with bands including [[Rush (band)|Rush]], [[Silverchair]], and the [[Foo Fighters]]. Also, in the wake of Devo's demise, Bob Mothersbaugh attempted to start a solo career with The Bob I Band, recording an album that was never released. The tapes for this are now lost, though a bootleg of the band in concert has surfaced.
===1995-Now===
In 1995, Devo reappeared with a new recording of "[[Girl U Want]]" on the soundtrack to the movie ''[[Tank Girl]]''. In 1996, Devo performed a reunion concert at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah]]. The band performed on part of the 1996 [[Lollapalooza]] tour in the rotating Mystery Spot, with a setlist largely composed of material from their heyday between 1978 and 1982. Also in 1996, Devo, perhaps inspired by [[The Residents]], also released a [[multimedia]] [[CD-ROM]] [[adventure game]], ''[[The Adventures of the Smart Patrol]]'' with [[Inscape]]. The game was not a success, but the Lollapalooza tour was received well enough to allow Devo to return in 1997 as a headliner.
Though Devo has not released a new album, officially, the band has recorded a number of songs for various films since their reunion, including a cover of the [[Nine Inch Nails]] hit, "[[Head Like a Hole]]" for the film ''[[Supercop]]''. In 2001, members of Devo formed the [[surf music|surf]] band The Wipeouters, describing it as a reunion of the first [[Garage band (music group)|garage band]] they started while in their early teens. Devo also has used their music in advertising. Recently Devo recorded a new version of "[[Whip It]]" to be used in [[Swiffer]] television commercials, a decision they have said they regret. During an interview with the Dallas Observer, Gerald Casale said, "It's just aesthetically offensive. It's got everything a commercial that turns people off has." [http://www.dallasobserver.com/2006-08-17/music/jihad-jerry/]
In 2005, Gerald Casale announced his "solo" project, [[Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers]] (the Evildoers themselves including the other members of Devo), and released the first EP, ''[[Army Girls Gone Wild]]'' in 2006. A full length album, ''[[Mine Is Not A Holy War]]'' was released on [[12 September]] [[2006]] after a several-month delay. It features mostly new material, plus re-recordings of four very obscure Devo songs: "I Need A Chick" and "I Been Refused" (from ''Hardcore Devo: Volume Two''), "Find Out" (which appeared on the single and EP of "Peek-A-Boo" in 1982), and "Beehive" (which was recorded by the band in 1974, at which point it was apparently abandoned with the exception of one appearance at a special show in 2001).
Devo toured from August 2006 through November 2006. The first date of their UK tour was at the [[Brighton Dome]] in [[East Sussex]] on [[June 18]], [[2007]], two days after their appearance in [[Barcelona]] and saw the return of [[Booji Boy]] singing "[[Beautiful World]]" in the final song of the encore. Further [[UK]] dates include shows in [[London]], [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Glasgow]]. The band's European tour also includes [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]] and [[Bergamo]] and [[Azzano Decimo]], [[Italy]].
In an April 2007 interview, Gerald Casale mentioned an upcoming project for a movie about Devo's early days. A script is supposedly being developed, tentatively called ''The Beginning Was the End'', though the production hasn't been confirmed yet. Casale also stated that there may be some new Devo material as well, but whether this is related to the release of a movie or not is unclear.<ref>[http://www.clubdevo.com/mp/news_pgs/wradio_gvc_07.html ::Club Devo::<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In 2007, Devo recorded a new song titled "Watch Us Work It," which was featured in a [http://video.yahoo.com/video/play?vid=822250&fr= commercial] for [[Dell]]. The song features a sample drum track from the song "The Super Thing" off of their 1981 album ''[[New Traditionalists]]''. The band has announced in a [[July 23]], [[2007]], [[MySpace]] bulletin that a full length music video for the song is forthcoming, and the song itself is now available on iTunes and [[eMusic]]. Casale said that this song was chosen from a batch of songs that the band was working on, and that also this is the closest the band has been to a new album. Devo's song, "Gut Feeling/Slap Your Mammy", was featured in EA Sports' [[skateboard]] video game, ''Skate''.<ref>[http://www.ea.com/skate/music.jsp EA : Skate<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In a recent interview on gaming television show, [[X-Play]], Mark revealed that their song, "Through Being Cool", along with two other unnamed Devo songs, would be released as downloadable content for the music video game, [[Rock Band]]. <ref>[http://www.g4tv.com/xplay/videos/26008/XPlay_Exclusive_Devo_Coming_to_Rock_Band.html Devo Coming to Rock Band: X-Play Interview With Mark Mothersbaugh]</ref> He also states that "Through Being Cool" will be re-recorded for the game, replacing the synthesizers in the song with guitar riffs, and is also adding a "Big Rock Ending" into the re-recorded version to better suit the game.
In a [[December 5]], [[2007]] article on [[Mutato Muzika]], [[LA Weekly]] reported that "After touring sporadically over the past decade but not releasing any new material, Devo are spending December at Mutato trying to create an album’s worth of new material and contemplating a method of dispersal in the post-record-company world." [http://www.laweekly.com/music/music/are-you-not-devo-you-are-mutato/17826/?page=8] In a recent interview [http://www.accessatlanta.com/news/content/arts/stories/2008/04/15/mothersbaugh_0417.html], Mothersbaugh revealed a song title from the in-progress album: ''Don't Shoot, I'm a Man''. However, in a radio interview on April 17, 2008, Jerry stated that Mark had "killed the project" and that there would be no new Devo album. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNY8qpPOtcU] Casale, however, later stated that "We're going to finish what we started." [http://www.timeoutsydney.com.au/music/devo-gerald-casale.aspx]
Devo continues to tour. The group has confirmed tour dates in the United States, Japan, Australia, France, and Spain for the summer of 2008. They also recently remixed a song by [[Datarock]], "Computer Camp", which can be heard on the band's MySpace page. Datarock routinely cites Devo as an influence.
==Devo 2.0==
{{main|Devo 2.0}}
The band has worked on a project with [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] known as [[Devo 2.0]]. A band of child performers was assembled and re-recorded Devo songs. A quote from the [http://www.ohio.com/mld/beaconjournal/living/12412576.htm Akron Beacon Journal] elucidates, "Also Devo recently finished a new project in cahoots with Disney called Devo 2.0, which features the band playing old songs and two new ones with vocals provided by children. Mothersbaugh doesn't rule out the idea of the band gathering in the studio, eventually, to record a new Devo album." Their debut album, a two disc CD/DVD combo entitled "DEV2.0", was released on [[March 14]], [[2006]]. The lyrics of some of the songs have been changed for [[family-friendly]] airplay, which has been claimed by the band to be a play on irony of sorts of the messages of their classic hits.
==Style and influence==
Devo is probably as well known for their image as for their music, donning uniforms that mocked industrial [[culture]] and pop [[consumerism]], such as the yellow chemical-protection suits during the early ''Q: Are We Not Men?'' period, and famously worn on their now-legendary ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' appearance, which first aired on [[October 14]], [[1978]]. The band also wore matching [[John F. Kennedy|JFK-esque]] plastic [[Pompadour (hairstyle)|pompadour]]s (marketed for sale as "The New Traditionalist Pomp"), masks and the signature red "flower pot" hats (marketed as "[[Energy Dome]]s") for ''[[Freedom of Choice]]'' — which were intended (according to the band) to channel the energy leaving their bodies into their voices.
Mark Mothersbaugh also donned a baby [[mask]] to create his famous alter-ego, [[Booji Boy]] (pronounced "Boogie Boy"), said by some to symbolize the infantile regression that Devo saw in American culture. The character featured in many stage performances and video clips, as did Booji Boy's father, General Boy (played by Mothersbaugh's father [[Robert Mothersbaugh, Sr.]]), who satirized American authority figures. In videos the entire band has appeared wearing mutant masks. In a scene from ''Human Highway'' during the performance of "[[Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)]]" the Bobs and Gerald Casale wear rubber quiffs. For their performance at the 1996 [[Sundance Festival]], they wore black-and-white-striped prisoners' uniforms. At one point in the show, they also appeared in gigantic diapers. They reached into their diapers and hurled a brown substance (possibly homemade brownies) into the audience. In their more recent shows, they have returned to the hazmat outfits and energy domes of their earliest days.
Devo was a pioneer of the [[music video]], thanks in part to their frequent early collaborator, director [[Chuck Statler]]. The video for "Whip It" became an early staple of [[MTV]], and their many promotional films and video clips are important landmarks in the development of this genre. They also pioneered the use of long-form [[promotion (marketing)|promotion]]al [[video cassette]]s with releases such as ''[[The Complete Truth About De-Evolution]]'' and ''[[The Men Who Make the Music]]'', which mixed self-produced conceptual video clips with live performance footage and [[mockumentary]] segments. In many videos, Devo created a "plastic reality" with [[Characters in Devo music videos|original characters]], serving as parodies of real-life counterparts. Devo created and directed many of their own videos, and the band has cited the video for the song "Beautiful World" as their favorite example of their video work. The video for [["Weird Al" Yankovic]]'s Devo tribute song, "Dare to Be Stupid", consists of elements inspired by, and directly parodying, various Devo videos (in [[VH1]]'s ''[[Behind the Music]]'' episode about Yankovic, Mothersbaugh expressed admiration and envy of Yankovic's talents).
Some hear influences from [[Krautrock]] in Devo's music, such as [[Neu!]], [[Can (band)|Can]] and the [[record producer|production]] work of [[Conny Plank]]. Other influences are said to include American rock [[iconoclast]]s [[Frank Zappa]], [[Captain Beefheart]], and [[the Residents]]. Gerald Casale was strongly influenced by American [[blues]] music, while [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] has cited [[electronic music]] pioneers [[Raymond Scott]] and [[Tonto's Expanding Head Band]] as influences and personal heroes. Devo were one of the first American groups to use the services of noted [[United Kingdom|British]] producer, musician and artist [[Brian Eno]], who produced several landmark New Wave (music) groups including [[Talking Heads]] and [[Ultravox]]. Devo have covered songs by [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Nine Inch Nails]], [[Lee Dorsey]], [[Bonnie Dobson]], [[Tom Glazer]], and [[Larry Parks]]. They have appropriated melodies from [[The Beatles]], [[Led Zeppelin]], and [[Raymond Scott]]. A cover, recorded in 1990, of Devo's "Turnaround" was released on [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana's]] compilation collection, ''[[Incesticide]]''. Fellow Seattleites [[Soundgarden]] recorded a cover of "Girl U Want" for the bonus disc that accompanied the Grammy-nominated ''[[Badmotorfinger]]'' in 1991, while Seattle band [[Harvey Danger]] covered "Beautiful World". In 2007, the French electronic duo [[Justice (French band)|Justice]] sampled the intro to "Jocko Homo"'s video in their song "Stress".
In the liner notes of their ''Greatest Hits'' album, there is a transcript of a late '70s interview in which the band describes their music as "[[industrial music|industrial]]", underscoring the [[dehumanization]] (devolution) of their art. Their extensive mechanization of popular music through [[synthesizer]]s helped to inspire the more modern industrial pop acts of the late 1980s and early 1990s.
In 2008 the media reported that the band launched legal action against [[McDonalds]] over claims that the hamburger chain had copied elements of the band's look for their "New Wave Nigel" Happy Meal toy. <ref>http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/51517-devo-suing-mcdonalds-over-happy-meal-toy</ref> However, reports also came in that this information was a false rumor, and that no lawsuit had been filed. <ref>http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2008/07/02/whip-it-devos-law-firm-says-band-isnt-suing-over-mcdonalds-doll/</ref>
==Line up==
{| class="toccolours" border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="float: width: 265px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #E2E2E2;"
|-
! bgcolor="#E7EBEE" | Sextet Devo <br /> (1973)
|
* [[Gerald Casale]] - Bass Guitar
* [[Bob Lewis (musician)|Bob Lewis]] - Guitar
* [[Bob Casale]] - Guitar
* [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] - [[Minimoog]] and [[Mellotron]]
* [[Fred Weber (singer)|Fred Weber]] - Vocals
* [[Rod Reisman]] - Drums
The Sextet Devo performed only once in 1973 at the Kent State Performing Arts festival
|-
! bgcolor="#E7EBEE" | (1974-1975)
|
* [[Gerald Casale]] ("Chinaman") - Bass Guitar, Vocals
* [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] ("[[Booji Boy]]") - Synthesizers, Vocals
* [[Bob Mothersbaugh]] ("The Clown") - Guitar
* [[Jim Mothersbaugh]] ("Jungle" Jim) - Electronic Percussion
* [[Bob Lewis (musician)|Bob Lewis]] - Guitar ('74 KSU Creative Arts Festival and [[Pink Flamingos]] performances)
|-
! bgcolor="#E7EBEE" | Classic Line Up <br /> (1975-1985)
|
* [[Gerald Casale]] - Bass Guitar, Bass Synthesizer, Vocals
* [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] - Synthesizers, Guitar, Vocals
* [[Bob Mothersbaugh]] ("Bob 1") - Guitar, Vocals, Keyboards (studio)
* [[Bob Casale]] ("Bob 2") - Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals, Engineer
* [[Alan Myers (drummer)|Alan Myers]] - Drums, Electronic Percussion
|-
! bgcolor="#E7EBEE" | Enigma Records <br /> (1987-1991)
|
* [[Gerald Casale]] - Bass Guitar, Bass Synthesizer, Vocals
* [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] - Synthesizers, Vocals
* [[Bob Mothersbaugh]] ("Bob 1") - Guitar, Vocals
* [[Bob Casale]] ("Bob 2") - Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals, Engineer
* [[David Kendrick]] - Drums
|-
! bgcolor="#E7EBEE" | Current (1996-Today)
|
* [[Gerald Casale]] - Bass Guitar, Bass Synthesizer, Vocals
* [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] - Synthesizers, Vocals
* [[Bob Mothersbaugh]] ("Bob 1") - Guitar, Vocals
* [[Bob Casale]] ("Bob 2") - Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals, Engineer
* [[Josh Freese]] - Drums
[[David Kendrick]] performs with Devo when Josh Freese is unavailable, such as on the 2003 shows in Japan.
Neil Taylor, Devo's drum technician also performs when Freese is unavailable, such as the 2008 [[Macworld]] show.
|}
==Discography==
{{main|Devo discography}}
==In Popular Culture==
*In the 2005 [[Homestar Runner]] Halloween special, Strong Sad went as a member of the band, complete with "fire hydrant" hat.
==See also==
*[[Polysics]] - a band heavily inspired by Devo.
*[[Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers]] - solo project of Devo's bassist, Gerald Casale.
*[[Church of the SubGenius]] - A half-serious/half-humorous non-mainstream religion in which several of the band are members
==References==
{{Refimprove|date=January 2008}}
<!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
<references/>
*Dellinger, Jade, and Giffels, David. ''We Are Devo! Deviants in a Post-Modern World''. SAF Publishing. 2003. ISBN 0-946719-49-7.
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.clubdevo.com Club DEVO] - Official website
* {{MySpace|devo|Devo}}
* [http://www.huboon.com Devo Live Guide] - Comprehensive guide to Devo's live performances.
*[http://devo.devaluate.com/Devolution.doc DEVO: The First Post-Modern Band] Essay on Devo and Kent State
*[http://www.cleveland.com/music/index_story.ssf?/music/more/local/cle/3a/readers/index.html Readers vs. Breeders: Didactical Works re De-Evolution] originally appearing in Los Angeles Staff, 1972
* [http://www.mutato.com Mutato Muzika]
* [http://www.devo-obsesso.com Michael Pilmer's DEVO Collection] - The largest collection of DEVO memorabilia, anywhere
<!-- * [http://www.forte-intl.com/~ronald/devo/ Devo lyrics and the Devo Print Archive in PDF format] -->
* [http://www.boojiboysbasement.com/ Booji Boy's Basement] - band-sanctioned site for trading live recordings and demos
* [http://www.chaoscontrol.com/content_article.php?article=devo Mark Mothersbaugh interviewed] - Mark talks about DEVO, soundtrack work and the Wipeouters side-project.
* [http://archinect.com/features/article.php?id=69083_0_23_0_M Home Front Invasion: Wartime Interview with Mark Mothersbaugh] - Interview with Mark Mothersbaugh on architecture website Archinect.com
* [http://disney.go.com/disneyrecords/Song-Albums/devo20/ DEVO 2.0] - Official Disney Records site
* [http://devo.wikia.com/ WikiDevo] - A very new unofficial DEVO Wiki
* [http://blogs.thenewstribune.com/ej/2007/09/22/are_they_not_men_they_are_devo Review and photos from Sept. 2007 show in Puyallup, Wash.]
* [http://www.laweekly.com/music/music/are-you-not-devo-you-are-mutato/17826/ Are You Not Devo? You Are Mutato] - Cover story and interview, [[December 7]], [[2007]] in [[LA Weekly]] by Randall Roberts
{{Devo Discography}}
[[Category:Devo|Devo]]
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[[Category:Kent State University]]
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[[Category:American punk rock groups]]
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