Diaz
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2008-07-02T20:54:17Z
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/* Notable people sharing the surname Diaz or Díaz */
{{otheruses}}
{{Family name
| name = Diaz
| image = Spanish surnames by province of residence.png
| caption = <small>Diaz
| meaning = "Son of Jacob"
| region = [[Spain]]
| origin = [[Spanish]]
| related names = Díaz (diacritical form), [[Dias]]
}}
'''Diaz''' (or '''Díaz''') is a common [[Spanish name|Spanish surname]] meaning "Son of [[Jacob]]".{{Fact|date=May 2008}} The name accounts for ~0.74% of the Spanish population, ranking 14th most frequently found surname in both 1999 and 2004 (Mateos & Tucker 2008, OcioTotal 1999). Compare this to the most popular Spanish surname of those years, [[García (surname)|Garcia]], which accounted for ~3.48% of the population.
==Variants and related names==
There is minor evidence that Díez may be equivalent to Díaz, in the form of Spanish language listing of most frequent surnames in 1999 Spain (OcioTotal 1999). However, a 2008 in-press academic manuscript about Spanish naming in 2004 suggests otherwise, listing statistics for "Diaz" and "Diez" separately (Mateos & Tucker 2008).
In relation to descent from the Biblical names [[James (name)|James]] and [[Jacob (name)|Jacob]], it has been surmised that ''Diaz'' is a corruption of [[Diego]] from [[Iago (disambiguation)|Iago]] (Smith 1986). A second source suggests ''Diaz'' as being derived from a Gothic form of the paternal [[genitive case|genitive]] of [[Dia]], as in "Dia's child", or [[Diag]], [[Diago]] or Diego (Dixon 1857).
==Usage==
''Diaz'' and the diacritical form ''Díaz'' appear to be surnames only, without evidence for use as given names. Use of ''Diaz'' may arise through [[Anglicization]] of Portuguese language ''[[Dias]]'', as in the case of [[Bartolomeu Dias]], born c. 1450.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
Many examples of the surnames ''Diaz'' and ''Díaz'' exist among historically notable people. Among the earliest such examples is [[El Cid]], who was born c.1044 as ''Rodrigo Díaz'' (Catholic Encyclopedia 1913).
There is at least one instance of use as a single name, the former Norwegian rap artist [[Diaz (musician)|Diaz]] (b. 1976 Norway), who was born to a Spanish father and Norwegian mother; his birth name was "Andres Rafael Diaz Rosa".{{Fact|date=April 2008}}
===Frequency===
In [[Latin America]], the diacritical form ''Díaz'' was among the top 25% of surnames in use based on a study conducted in 1987 by the [[Institute for Genealogy and History for Latin America]] (De Platt 1996, pages 31–32).
Spanish surnames, including ''Diaz'', are found more abundantly in Southern [[Italy]] than other non-Italian surnames as a result of the [[Early Modern Italy#Aftermath of the Italian Wars|domination of Italy by Spain during the 17<sup>th</sup> Century]] (Fucilla 1949).
The following matrix contains available information on the frequency of this surname in various countries across a span of years.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Country!!1880–1889!!1960–1969!!1990–1999!!2000–2009
|-
|[[Australia]]|| || || ||2002: 0.008% (rank ?)(c)
|-
|[[New Zealand]]|| || || ||2002: 0.002% (rank ?)(c)
|-
|[[Spain]]|| || ||1999: 0.74% (rank 14)(a)||2004: na% (rank 14)(b)
|-
|[[United Kingdom]]||1881: na% (rank 23,037)(c)|| ||1998: 0.001% (rank 10,773)(c)||
|-
|[[United States]]|| ||1964: 0.047% (rank 335)<ref>Rank 16 among Hispanic-Americans (De Platt 1996, pages 15–16)</ref> ||1990: 0.084% (rank 99)(d)<br>1990: 0.014% (rank ?)(c)||2000: 0.18% (rank 73)(d)
|}
<!-- based on notable biographies, at least the following countries should be added to this table if possible: Argentina, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, France, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Philippines -->
Reference codes, see [[#References]]: (a)=OcioTotal 1999, (b)=Mateos & Tucker 2008, (c)=Longley, ''et al.'', (d)=United States Census Bureau 1995, (e)=United States Census Bureau 2000
Several assessed countries have shown no instances of this surname, among these being [[Northern Ireland]], [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] (Bowie 2003; Longley, ''et al.'').
==Transliteration==
It has been noted that ''Diaz'' may be subject to transcription errors and mistaken as ''Eliaz'', which may subsequently be equated with ''Heliaz'', in manuscripts dating from the 15<sup>th</sup> Century, the same holding true for ''Dias'', ''Elias'' and ''Helias'' (Carr 1999).
==Notable people sharing the surname ''Diaz'' or ''Díaz''==
Owing to the common nature of this surname, there are many notable people who share it. Among the most notable from that throng are
* [[El Cid]] (11<sup>th</sup> Century), born ''Rodrigo Díaz'', conquerer and subsequent ruler of [[Valencia, Spain]]
* [[Bartholomew Diaz]] (15<sup>th</sup> Century), the anglicized form of the name, who was the first European known to have sailed around the Western tip of [[Africa]]
* [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]] (16<sup>th</sup> Century), who provided an eye witness narrative for the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|destruction of the Aztec Empire by Spanish ''conquistadors'']]
* [[José E. Díaz]] (19<sup>th</sup> Century), hero of the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] and appearing on the 100 [[Paraguayan guaraní]] coin
* [[Porfirio Díaz]] (19<sup>th</sup> Century), President of Mexico following the [[French intervention in Mexico]]
* [[Gloria Diaz]] (20<sup>th</sup> Century), the first Filipino to bring home the [[Miss Universe]] crown.
* [[Matthew Diaz]] (20<sup>th</sup> Century), American military lawyer responsible for the release of the identities of detainees at the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] to the [[Center for Constitutional Rights]]
* [[Cameron Diaz]] (21st</sup> Century), Actress
==See also==
* [[Spanish naming customs]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
<div class="references-small">
* {{cite paper |last= Bowie |first= Neil |coauthors= G W L Jackson |title= Surnames in Scotland over the last 140 years
|version= |pages= |publisher= General Register Office for Scotland |date= 2003-02-18
|url= http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/occpapers/surnames-in-scotland-over-the-last-140-years.html
|format= HTML |accessdate= 2008-05-01 }}
* {{cite book |last= Carr |first= Derek C. |editor= Auguste Elfriede Christa Canitz and Gernot Rudolf Wieland
|title= From Arabye to Engelond |origyear= 1999 |origmonth= March |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=jkqQIsVPHJgC
|format= HTML |accessdate= 2008-05-01 |publisher= University of Ottawa Press |isbn= 0776605178
|pages= pages 56–57 (Note 16) |chapter= Arabic and Hebrew ''auctoritates'' in the Works of Enrique de Villena
}}
* ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'' (1913). [[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/El Cid]]. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.
* {{cite book |last= De Platt |first= Lyman |title= Hispanic Surnames and Family History |origyear= 1996
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=xxcSboo5KTAC |format= HTML |accessdate= 2008-04-30 |edition= 1st edition
|series= The Hispanic Book of Generations |volume= 1 |publisher= Genealogical Publishing Com |isbn= 080631480X
}}
* {{cite book |last= Dixon |first= Bernard Homer |title= Surnames |origyear= 1857
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=_2oCAAAAQAAJ |format= HTML |accessdate= 2998-04-30 |edition= 2nd edition
|date= 2006-08-08 |publisher= Google Books |pages= page 20
}}
* {{cite book |last= Fucilla |first= Joseph Guerin |title= Our Italian Surnames |origyear= 1949
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=Qmg6DfzFP9cC |format= HTML |accessdate= 2008-04-30 |edition= reprint |year= 1987
|publisher= Genealogical Publishing Com |isbn= 0806311878 |pages= page 109, footnote 6
}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.nationaltrustnames.org.uk/ |title= Diaz |accessdate= 2008-05-01 |last= Longley |first= Paul
|coauthors= Alex Singleton, Richard Webber and Daryl Lloyd
|work= [http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/news/newsStory.asp?ID=151 SPLINT Project, University College London]
|publisher= [[The National Trust]]
}} '''Note''': Attempts to link directly to search results pages result in failure to find the site.
* {{cite journal |last= Mateos |first= Pablo |coauthors= Ken Tucker |year= 2008 |title= Forenames and Surnames in Spain in 2004
|journal= Names A Journal of Onomastics |volume= (in press)
|url= http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/pablo/papers/Mateos%20and%20Tucker%20(2008)%20Forenames%20and%20Surname%20in%20Spain%20in%202004.pdf
|format = PDF |accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.ociototal.com/recopila2/r_aficiones/apellidos.html
|title= Los 40 apellidos mas comunes en España |accessdate=2008-04-28 |author= OcioTotal |date= 1999-12-01
|work= Genealogía y heráldica |publisher= OcioTotal.com |language= Spanish }}
* {{cite book |last= Smith |first= Elsdon Coles |title= American Surnames |origyear= 1986 |year = 1986
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=OfHBWBK1wQQC |format= HTML |accessdate= 2008-04-27
|publisher= Genealogical Publishing Com |isbn= 0806311509 |pages= 63–64 |chapter= Surnames From Father's Name }}
* [[United States Census Bureau]] (9 May 1995). [[s:1990 Census Name Files dist.all.last (1-100)]]. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
* {{cite web |url= http://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/Top1000.xls |title= Top 1000 Names |accessdate= 2008-05-01
|author= United States Census Bureau |year= 2000 |work= Frequently Occurring Surnames From Census 2000 |format= XLS
|publisher= U.S. Department of Commerce
}}
</div>
==External links==
* A history of the ''Díaz'' surname compiled by the [[Institute for Genealogy and History for Latin America]] is available for a fee. See pages 38 and 39 of http://books.google.com/books?id=xxcSboo5KTAC for more information.
{{surname|nocat}}
[[Category:Spanish surnames]]
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