Dickinson W. Richards
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2008-07-04T22:38:01Z
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
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|image =Replace_this_image_male.svg
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|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|birth_date = [[October 30]], [[1895]]
|birth_place = [[Orange, New Jersey]]
|death_date = [[February 23]], [[1973]]
|death_place = [[Lakeville, Connecticut]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[medicine]]<br/>[[physiology]]
|work_institutions = [[Harvard University]]
|alma_mater = [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = cardiac [[catheterization]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes = [[Image:Nobel prize medal.svg|20px]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in [[1956]]
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}Dr. '''Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr.''' ([[October 30]], [[1895]] – [[February 23]], [[1973]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[physician]] and [[physiologist]]. He was a co-recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in [[1956]] with [[André Frédéric Cournand|André Cournand]] and [[Werner Forssmann]] for the development of cardiac [[catheterization]] and the characterisation of a number of [[heart disease|cardiac diseases]].
Richards was born in [[Orange, New Jersey]]. He was educated at the [[Hotchkiss School]] in [[Connecticut]], and entered [[Yale University]] in [[1913]]. At Yale he studied [[English language|English]] and [[Ancient Greek|Greek]], graduating in [[1917]] as a member of the senior society [[Scroll and Key]]. He also joined the [[United States Army]] in 1917, and became an [[artillery]] instructor. He served from [[1918]] - [[1919]] as an artillery officer in [[France]].
When he returned to the [[United States]], Richards attended [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons]], graduating with an [[Master's degree|M.A.]] in [[1922]] and his [[M.D.]] degree in [[1923]]. He was on the staff of the [[New York-Presbyterian Hospital|Presbyterian Hospital]] in [[New York]] until [[1927]], when he went to [[England]] to work at the [[National Institute for Medical Research]] in [[London]], under [[Henry Dale|Sir Henry Dale]], on the control of circulation in the [[liver]].
In [[1928]] Richards returned to the Presbyterian Hospital and began his research on [[pulmonary]] and [[circulatory]] [[physiology]], working under [[Lawrence Joseph Henderson|Professor Lawrence Henderson]] of [[Harvard University|Harvard]]. He began collaborations with [[André Frédéric Cournand|André Cournand]] at [[Bellevue Hospital]] , New York, working on [[pulmonary]] function. Initially their research focussed on methods to study pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary disease.
Their next area of research was the development of a technique for catheterization of the heart. Using this technique they were able to study and characterise traumatic [[Shock (medical)|shock]], the physiology of [[heart failure]]. They measured the effects of cardiac drugs, and described various forms of dysfunction in chronic [[heart disease|cardiac disease]]s and pulmonary diseases and their treatment, and developed techniques for the diagnosis of [[congenital heart disease]]s. For this work, André Cournand and Werner Forssmann, were awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] for [[1956]].
In [[1945]] Richards moved his lab to [[Bellevue Hospital]], New York. In [[1947]] he was made the Lambert Professor of Medicine at [[Columbia University]]. During his career he also served as an advisor to [[Merck & Co.|Merck Sharp and Dohme Company]], and edited the [[Merck Manual]]. Richards retired from his positions at Bellevue and Columbia in [[1961]].
Richards received many other honors, including the [[John Phillips Memorial Award]] of the [[American College of Physicians]] in [[1960]], the [[Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur]] in [[1963]], the [[Trudeau Medal]] in [[1968]], and the [[Kober Medal]] of the [[Association of American Physicians]] in [[1970]].
He died in [[Lakeville, Connecticut]].
==References==
*Fishman, Alfred P. Richards, Dickinson Woodruff. American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.
*Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, [http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1956/richards-bio.html Dickinson W. Richards], Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Ventura
|first=Hector O
|authorlink=
|year=[[2007]]|month=Aug.
|title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards and cardiac catheterization
|journal=[[Clinical cardiology]]
|volume=30
|issue=8
|pages=420–1
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 17680601
|doi = 10.1002/clc.20093
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Chamberlin
|first=M D
|authorlink=
|year=[[2001]]|month=Feb.
|title=Dickinson W. Richards, MD: through a grand-daughter's eyes
|journal=[[Coron. Artery Dis.]]
|volume=12
|issue=1
|pages=79–82
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 11211171
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
| doi = 10.1097/00019501-200102000-00012
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Raju
|first=T N
|authorlink=
|year=[[1999]]|month=May.
|title=The Nobel chronicles. 1956: Werner Forssmann (1904-79); André Frédéric Cournand (1895-1988); and Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr (1895-1973)
|journal=[[The_Lancet|Lancet]]
|volume=353
|issue=9167
|pages=1891
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 10359453
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75106-0
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Cournand
|first=A
|authorlink=
|year=[[1989]]|month=.
|title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards: October 30, 1895-February 23, 1973
|journal=[[Biographical memoirs. National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)]]
|volume=58
|issue=
|pages=459–87
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 11616152
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Carroll
|first=D G
|authorlink=
|year=[[1975]]|month=.
|title=Memorial. Dickinson W. Richards, M.D
|journal=[[Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc.]]
|volume=86
|issue=
|pages=XLIII–XLIV
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 1101509
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|year=[[1973]]|month=Mar.
|title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards
|journal=[[The_Lancet|Lancet]]
|volume=1
|issue=7805
|pages=732–3
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4120541
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Cournand
|first=A
|authorlink=
|year=[[1973]]|month=.
|title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards, 1895-1973
|journal=[[Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians]]
|volume=86
|issue=
|pages=33–8
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4596458
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Kenéz
|first=J
|authorlink=
|year=[[1970]]|month=Nov.
|title=[Dickinson Woodruff Richards and cor pulmonale]
|journal=[[Orvosi hetilap]]
|volume=111
|issue=48
|pages=2849–52
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4923281
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Cournand
|first=A F
|authorlink=
|year=[[1970]]|month=.
|title=Presentation of the Kober Medal for 1970 to Dickinson W. Richards
|journal=[[Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians]]
|volume=83
|issue=
|pages=36–42
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4927298
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Sulek
|first=K
|authorlink=
|year=[[1969]]|month=Jan.
|title=[Nobel prize for Andre F. Cournand, Werner T. O. Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards in 1956 for the discovery related to heart catheterization and studies on pathological changes in the cardiovascular system]
|journal=[[Wiad. Lek.]]
|volume=22
|issue=2
|pages=203–4
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4890192
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Richards, Dickinson W.}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:American physicians]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:United States Army officers]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:Scroll and Key]]
[[Category:Columbia Medical School alumni]]
[[ar:ديكنسون ريتشاردس]]
[[ca:Dickinson W. Richards]]
[[de:Dickinson Woodruff Richards]]
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[[ja:ディキソン・W・リチャーズ]]
[[pl:Dickinson W. Richards]]
[[pt:Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr]]
[[ru:Ричардс, Дикинсон]]
[[sv:Dickinson W. Richards]]
[[zh:迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹]]