Diet (assembly)
639925
221611988
2008-06-25T08:16:03Z
TAKASUGI Shinji
195496
±ja
{{Unreferenced|date=October 2007}}
In [[politics]], a '''diet''' is a formal [[deliberative assembly]]. The term is derived from [[Medieval]] [[Latin]] ''dietas'', and ultimately comes from the Latin ''dies'', "day". The word came to be used in this sense because assemblies met on a daily basis which is reflected in the [[German language]] use of ''Tagung'' (Meeting) and ''-tag'' (day, as in Montag, or parliament, as in [[Bundestag]]){{Fact|date=December 2007}}.
== Historic uses ==
In this sense, it commonly refers to the ''Reichstag'' assemblies of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]; see [[Reichstag (institution)]], [[Diet of Augsburg]], [[Diet of Nuremberg]], [[Diet of Regensburg]], [[Diet of Speyer]] and [[Diet of Worms]].
Since the [[Second Peace of Thorn]] of 1466, a German language{{Fact|date=December 2007}} [[Prussian diet]] ''[[Landtag]]'' was held in the lands of [[Royal Prussia]], a province of Poland in personal union with the [[King of Poland]].
The assemblies of the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] nobility, customarily called together every three years in [[Bratislava|Pozsony]], were also called "Diéta" in the [[Austrian Empire|Habsburg Empire]] before the [[1848 revolution]].
The [[Riksdag of the Estates]] was the diet of the four estates of [[Sweden]], from the 15th century until 1866. The [[Diet of Finland]] was the successor to the Riksdag of the Estates in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]], from 1809 to 1906.
The Swiss Diet was known as [[Tagsatzung]].
In other countries the name of the comparable assembly came from the ''generality'' of [[the States]]:
* [[Seventeen Provinces|Belgium and the Netherlands]]: [[Staten Generaal]]
* [[France]]: [[États Généraux]]
* [[Spain]]: [[Generalitat de Catalunya]], [[Generalitat Valenciana]], [[Cortes Generales]]
== Current use ==
* The modern [[Germany|German]] parliament, called the ''[[Bundestag]]'', literally means "Federal Diet"; the derivation is that "-tag" (in that form, only used as a second part of a compositum) in [[German language|German]] means "assembly," indicating the Latin-derived meaning. The term is rarely if ever translated into [[English language|English]] in English-language texts, even on first reference.
* The parliaments of the German federated states (''Länder'') are mostly named ''[[Landtag]]'', literally means " State Diet".
* The name of the [[Sweden|Swedish]] parliament is the ''[[Parliament of Sweden|Riksdag]]'', which being [[cognate]] to German ''Reichstag'' literally means "Assembly of the Realm" or "Assembly of the Empire."
* The [[Diet of Japan|Japanese Parliament]] (the ''Kokkai'') is conventionally called the Diet in English, indicating the heavy [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] influence on the [[Meiji Constitution]], Japan's first modern written constitution.
* Some universities refer to the period of formal examination and the conclusion of an academic term as an examination diet.
==See also==
*[[The States]]
*[[Landtag]]
*[[Bundesversammlung (German Confederation)|Federal Assembly]]
[[Category:Legislatures]]
[[de:Tagung]]
[[eo:Dieto (asembleo)]]
[[es:Dieta (asamblea)]]
[[fr:Diète (politique)]]
[[he:דיאט]]
[[it:Dieta (storia)]]
[[ja:国会 (曖昧さ回避)]]
[[pt:Dieta (assembleia)]]