Diet (nutrition)
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:''This article is primarily about the human diet. For a discussion of animal diets, see [[Feeding]].''
In [[nutrition]], the '''diet''' is the sum of food consumed by a person or other [[organism]].<ref> [http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/diet_1?view=uk noun, def 1] askoxford.com</ref> '''Dietary habits''' are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat. Although humans are omnivores, each culture holds some food preferences and some food taboos. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy. Proper nutrition requires the proper ingestion and equally important, the absorption of [[vitamin]]s, [[mineral]]s, and [[fuel]] in the form of [[carbohydrate]]s, [[protein]]s, and [[fat]]s. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in [[health]] and [[death|mortality]], and can also define cultures and play a role in [[religion]].
== Traditional diet ==
"Traditional diet" is the diet of native populations such as the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], [[Khoisan]] or [[Australian Aborigines]].
Traditional diets vary with availability of local resources, such as [[fish]] in coastal towns or [[cereal|grain]]s in [[farming]] [[town]]s, as well as with [[cultural]] and [[religious]] [[convention (norm)|custom]]s and [[taboo]]s. In some cases, the [[agriculture|crops]] and [[domestic animal]]s that characterize a traditional diet have been replaced by modern high-yield crops, and are no longer available. The [[slow food]] movement attempts to counter this trend and to preserve traditional diets.
== Religious and cultural dietary choices ==
Some cultures and religions have restrictions concerning what foods are acceptable in their diet. For example, only [[Kashrut|Kosher foods]] are permitted by [[Judaism]], and [[Halal|Halal foods]] by [[Islam]].
== Diet and life outcome ==
A study published in the British medical journal [[The Lancet]] demonstrated that those who had been well-fed soon after they were born earned almost 50% more in average salary than those who had not. The study was performed by giving a high-nutrition supplement to some infants and a lower-nutrition supplement to others, with only the researchers knowing which infants received which supplements (see [[double-blind study]].) The infants that received the high-nutrition supplement had higher average salaries, proving that infant nutrition affects cognitive development independent of other factors such as class or parental income.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7221949.stm]
== Individual dietary choices ==
Many individuals choose to limit what foods they eat for reasons of health, morality, environmental impact, or other factors. Additionally, many people choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees; see [[vegetarianism]], [[veganism]], [[fruitarianism]], living foods diet, and [[Raw foodist|raw foodism]].
Properly planned [[vegetarianism|vegetarian]] and [[Veganism|vegan]] diets have been found to completely satisfy nutritional needs in every stage of life,<ref>{{cite journal| journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association| year=2003| volume=103| issue=6| pages=748–765| title=Vegetarian Diets}}[http://www.eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/advocacy_933_ENU_HTML.htm online copy available]</ref>and significantly reduce risks of major diseases.
== Diets for weight management ==
{{main|Dieting}}
A particular diet may be chosen to seek weight gain, weight loss, sports training, cardio-vascular health, avoidance of cancers, [[food allergies]] and for other reasons. Changing a subject's dietary intake, or "going on a diet", can change the energy balance and increase or decrease the amount of fat stored by the body. Some foods are specifically recommended, or even altered, for conformity to the requirements of a particular diet. These diets are often recommended in conjunction with [[exercise]].
===Eating disorders===
An [[eating disorder]] is a mental disorder that interferes with normal food consumption. Eating disorders often affect people with a negative [[body image]].
==Diet table==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|'''Food Type'''||'''[[Carnivore]]'''||'''[[Omnivore]]'''||'''[[Vegan]]'''||'''[[Vegetarian]]'''||'''[[Halal]]'''||'''[[Kosher]]'''||'''[[Hunter-gatherer]]'''
|-
| [[Vegetables]] || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Grains]] || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] ||
|-
| [[Poultry]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Fish]] (scaled) || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Seafood]] (non-fish) || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]|| || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Beef]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Pork]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || || || || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Dairy]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] || [[Image:green pog.svg|10px]] ||
|}
== See also ==
* [[American Dietetic Association]]
* [[Diet food]]
* [[Gluten-free diet]]
* [[Nutrigenomics]]
* [[Western pattern diet]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/en/ World Health Organization site on diet and physical activity]
* [http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/dietnutrition_and_chronicdiseases/en/ Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases] by a Joint [[WHO]]/[[FAO]] Expert consultation (2003)
* [http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/ U.S. government diet recommendations]
* [http://www.totalperfectbody.com All types diets]
* [http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1993/113/113p12.htm An article about traditional diet]
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