Directory (political) 3420619 182288631 2008-01-05T11:29:49Z Timeshifter 482887 category In political history, the term '''directory''', in French ''directoire'', applies to high collegial institutions of state composed of members styled director (French ''directeur'', etc.) The most important of these by far was the [[French Directory]]. However, France also imposed this form of government on conquered regions of [[Italy]]. In ''modern speech'', the term is also used, more informally, to describe a small group of influential states that is said to 'direct' the agenda, and weigh heavily on the decisions, of a larger international organism, especially if they meet ''en petit comité''. ==Italian Directories (under French control)== ===In Genoa=== [[17 January]] [[1798]] - Jul 1799 Executive Directory * Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (b. 1756 - d. 1821) (to Jan 1799) * Pietro Ferreri (b. 1758 - d. 18..) (from Jan 1799) * Giorgio Ambrogio Molfino * Agostino Maglione (b. 1744 - d. 18..) * Niccolò Littardi (b. 1748 - d. 18..) * Paolo Costa Jul 1799 - Oct 1799 Executive Directory * Pietro Ferreri (2nd time) * Luigi Lupi (1st time) * Giovanni Battista Rossi * Francesco Masuccone * Paolo Costa Oct 1799 - [[7 December]] [[1799]] Executive Directory * Pietro Ferreri (3rd time) * Luigi Lupi (2nd time) * Francesco Montaldo * Domenico Assereto * Giuseppe Morchio ===In Lombardy=== [[29 June]] [[1797]] - [[31 August]] [[1798]] First Directory * Duca Giovanni Galeazzo Serbelloni (to [[13 November]] [[1797]]) (b.1744 - d. 1802) * Giovanni Battista Savoldi (from [[13 November]] [[1797]]) * Marco Alessandri (1st time) (b.1755 - d.1830) * Pietro Moscati (to [[16 April]] [[1798]]) (b.1739 - d.1824) * Jacopo Lamberti (1st time) (from [[16 April]] [[1798]]) * Giovanni Paradisi (b.1760 - d. 1826) (to [[16 April]] [[1798]]) * Carlo Testi (from [[16 April]] [[1798]]) * Giovanni Costabili Containi (b.1756 - d.1841) [[31 August]] [[1798]] - [[14 December]] [[1798]] Second Directory * Girolamo Adelasio (1st time) (to [[17 October]] [[1798]]) * Antonio Sabbati (from [[17 October]] [[1798]]) * Marco Alessandri (2nd time) * Jacopo Lamberti (2nd time) * Giuseppe Luosi (1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1830) (to [[17 October]] [[1798]]) * Antonio Smancini (from [[17 October]] [[1798]]) * Fedele Sopransi (1st time) (to [[17 October]] [[1798]]) * Vincenzo Brunetti (from [[17 October]] [[1798]]) [[14 December]] [[1798]] - [[29 April]] [[1799]] Third Directory * Girolamo Adelasio (2nd time) * Marco Alessandri (3rd time) (to Mar 1799) * Ferdinando Marescalchi (b. 1764 - d. 1816) (from Mar 1799) * Jacopo Lamberti (3rd time) (to Mar 1799) * Fedele Vertemate Franchi (from Mar 1799) * Giuseppe Luosi (2nd time) * Fedele Sopransi (2nd time) ===In Lucca=== [[4 February]] [[1799]] - [[17 July]] [[1799]] Executive Directory Initial members: * Giorgio Martinelli * Giovanni Domenico Merli * Giovanni Sebastiano Gusti * Jacopo Pellegrini * Jacopo Antonio Franchi Four of the above replaced at different times by: * Domenico Bertagna * Pietro Martelli Leonardi * Giuseppe Duccini * Francesco Belluomini ===Directory of the Cispadane Republic=== *[[16 October]] [[1796]] - [[9 July]] [[1797]] (Five directors) * [[9 July]] [[1797]] - [[20 July]] [[1799]] [[Cispadane Republic]] incorporated into the [[Cisalpine Republic]] ===Naples (Sicily this side of the Lighthouse)=== President of the Executive Directory: [[5 June]] [[1799]]- [[23 June]] [[1799]] Ercole D'Agnese. ==References== * [http://www.rulers.org/italstat.html Italian States before 1861] on rulers.org [[Category:French Revolution]] [[Category:Collective heads of state]] [[ru:Директория исполнительная]]