Distichia 3940443 221730675 2008-06-25T20:58:20Z Андрей Романенко 2513239 +ru [[Image:Canine distichiae.JPG|thumb|Distichiae of the upper and lower lid of a dog]] {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Distichia | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 33329 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|10|3|q|10}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|743.63}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 126300 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = oph | eMedicineTopic = 603 | MeshID = | }} A '''distichia''' is an [[eyelash]] that arises from an abnormal spot on the [[eyelid]] of a dog. Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the [[meibomian gland]] at the eyelid margin. They are usually multiple and sometimes more than one arises from a duct. They can affect either the upper or lower eyelid and are usually bilateral. The lower eyelids of dogs usually have no eyelashes.<ref>{{cite web | last = Brooks | first = Dennis E. | title = Ophthalmic Examination Made Ridiculously Simple | work = Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association | date = 2005 | url = http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2005&PID=10923&O=Generic | accessdate = 2007-02-20 }}</ref> Distichiae usually cause no symptoms because the lashes are soft, but they can irritate the eye and cause tearing, squinting, inflammation, and [[Corneal ulcers in animals|corneal ulcer]]s and scarring.<ref>{{cite web | title = Eyelids: Conformational Abnormalities | work = The Merck Veterinary Manual | date = 2006 | url = http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/30105.htm | accessdate = 2007-02-20 }}</ref> Treatment options include manual removal, [[electrology|electrolysis]], [[cauterization|electrocautery]], [[cryosurgery|cryotherapy]], and [[surgery]]. ==Commonly affected breeds== In [[veterinary medicine]], some canine breeds are affected by distichiasis more frequently than others: *[[Cocker Spaniel]] *[[Dachshund]] (especially the miniature longhaired Dachshund) *[[Bulldog]] *[[Pekingese]] *[[Yorkshire Terrier]] *[[Flat-Coated Retriever]] *[[Shetland Sheepdog]] *[[Poodle]]<ref name=Gelatt_1999>{{cite book|author=Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.)|title=Veterinary Ophthalmology|edition=3rd ed.|publisher=Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins|year=1999|id=ISBN 0-683-30076-8}}</ref> *[[Elo (dog)]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kaufhold J, Hamann H, Steinbach G, Gordon S, Brahm R, Grussendorf H, Rosenhagen C, Distl O |title=[Analysis of the prevalence of distichiasis in the dog breed Elo] |journal=Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |volume=119 |issue=5-6 |pages=233–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16729470}}</ref> ==Ectopic cilia== An ectopic cilia is a special type of distichia. It is usually found in younger dogs. Commonly affected breeds include Poodles, [[Golden Retriever]]s, and [[Shih Tzu]]s.<ref>{{cite web | last = Ketring | first = Kerry I. | title = The Top Ten Ophthalmic Mistakes | work = Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference | date = 2006 | url = http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2006/SAE/308.pdf?LA=1 | format = PDF | accessdate = 2007-02-20 }}</ref> The eyelash exits through the [[conjunctiva]], usually at the middle of the upper eyelid. It can cause intense pain and [[corneal ulcer]]s. Treatment is surgery or cryotherapy. ==References== <references/> ==See also== *[[Trichiasis]] *[[Lymphedema distichiasis]] [[Category:Dog diseases]] {{eye-stub}} {{veterinary-med-stub}} {{Congenital malformations and deformations of eye, ear, face and neck}} [[pl:Dwurzędność rzęs]] [[ru:Дистихиаз]]