Distributive shock
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135600765
2007-06-03T18:28:55Z
AlleborgoBot
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robot Modifying: [[sr:Дистрибутивни шок]]
'''Distributive shock''' is, as in [[hypovolemic shock]], caused by an insufficient [[intravascular]] volume of [[blood]]. This form of relative [[hypovolemia]] is the result of [[blood vessel]] [[vasodilation|dilation]].
Examples of this form of shock are:
**[[Septic shock]] - This is caused by an overwhelming infection leading to [[vasodilation]], such as by [[Gram negative]] bacteria i.e. <I>[[Escherichia coli]]</I> which releases an [[endotoxin]] which produces adverse biochemical, [[immunological]] and occasionally neural mechanisms which are harmful to the body. It is treated by [[antibiotics]], fluid replacement, and [[vasoconstrictor]]s.
**[[Anaphylactic shock]] - Caused by a severe [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactic reaction]] to an [[allergen]], [[antigen]], [[drug]] or foreign protein causing the release of [[histamine]] which causes widespread vasodilation. Leading to hypotension and increase capillary permeability.
**Acute [[adrenal insufficiency]] is not infrequently the result of discontinuing [[corticosteroid]] treatment without tapering the dosage.
**[[Neurogenic shock]]. [[Neurogenic shock]] is the rarest form of shock. It is caused by [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to the [[spinal cord]] resulting in the sudden loss of [[autonomic]] and [[motor neuron|motor]] reflexes below the injury level. Without stimulation by [[sympathetic nervous system]] the vessel walls relax uncontrolled, resulting in a sudden decrease in [[peripheral vascular resistance]], leading to [[vasodilation]] and [[hypotension]].
== References ==
*[http://www.lww.com/product/?0-7817-3548-3 Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe]
*[http://www.lww.com/product/?0-683-05565-8 The ICU Book by Marino]
*[http://www.lww.com/product/?0-7817-4334-6 Procedures and Techniques in Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe]
*Fundamental Critical Care Support, A standardized curriculum of Critical Care, by the Society of Critical Care Medicine
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[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[sr:Дистрибутивни шок]]