Diver training
460367
211224559
2008-05-09T09:43:41Z
Lari-fari
7037688
/* Scuba training for younger members */
'''Diver training''' is the process of developing skills and building experience in the use of [[diving equipment]] and techniques so that the diver is able to [[diving activities|dive]] safely and have fun.
Not only is the underwater environment [[Diving hazards and precautions|hazardous]] but diving equipment can be dangerous when used by the untrained; there are many unexpected problems that the new diver must be taught to avoid. Also, beginners need practice and a gradual increase in experience to build their confidence in their equipment and themselves, to develop the skills needed to control the equipment and to respond safely when they encounter difficulties.
Most commercial operators and dive clubs serving divers insist that each diver is able to show them "certification", evidence of a minimum level of training, for the type of diving the diver intends to do. Reputable dive operators, dive shops and compressor operators refuse to allow uncertified people to dive, hire [[SCUBA_Equipment|diving equipment]] or fill [[diving cylinder]]s. <!-- this sentence makes no sense -->
== Sources of diver training ==
Many [[List of diver training organizations|diver training organizations]] exist, throughout the world, offering diver training leading to certification: the issuing of a "[[C-card]]" or qualification card.
A good dive training organization, such as a dive school based at a dive shop, will always offer courses to the standard of a recognized certification organization, such as those listed below. Many dive shops in popular holiday locations offer courses that can teach you to dive in a few days, and can be combined with your vacation. Upon completing the course the student is issued a certification card.
Many diver training organizations exist:
* Entry-level recreational SCUBA diver training organizations:
** using professional instructors. Examples of this type are [[ACUC]],[[SCUBA Diving International]], [[Scuba Schools International|SSI]], [[PADI]] and [[NAUI]]
** amateur instructors. An example of this type is the [[British Sub Aqua Club]]
* Technical recreational SCUBA diving organisations. Examples of this type are [[ANDI]], DSAT Tec (PADI), [[Global Underwater Explorers|GUE]], [[IANTD]], [[TDI]], [[SSI]] [http://www.divessi.com/txr TechXR], and [[NAUI Tec]]
* Commercial diver training organizations. Train divers for [[professional diving]] using SCUBA, [[surface supplied diving]] and [[saturation diving]] equipment and techniques.
* National navies and armed forces. Train divers for ship maintenance, salvage and repair, rescue, mine clearance and covert operations using SCUBA and more advanced equipment and techniques.
== Location of training lessons ==
Initial training typically takes place in three environments:
* Classroom - where material is presented and reviewed
* Swimming pool - where skills are taught and practiced in confined water
* Open Water - where the student demonstrates the skills he or she has learned.
Typically, early open water training takes place in a local [[body of water]] such as a lake, a flooded quarry or a sheltered and shallow part of the sea. Advanced training mostly takes place at depths and locations similar to the diver's normal diving locations.
The usual sequence for learning most diving skills is to be taught the theory in the classroom, be shown the skill and practice in the pool using the minimum equipment, then practice again in open water under supervision in full equipment and only then use the skill on real dives.
== Training topics ==
* Basic diving theory:
** [[Diving physics]]
** [[SCUBA Equipment]]
** Human [[physiology]]
** [[Diving hazards and precautions]]
** [[Diving signals]]
** [[Buddy system]]
* Basic water skills:
** Finning and mobility in-water
** Wearing a [[diving mask]]
** [[Snorkeling]]
** Shallow [[free-diving]]
** Entering and exiting the water (seated entry, ladder exit, giant step entry, etc)
* Basic [[open circuit scuba]] equipment skills:
** Preparing the scuba equipment
** [[Buddy check]]
** Breathing with scuba equipment
** [[Buoyancy]] control using the [[Buoyancy Compensator]] and the [[lung]]s
** Ascents and descents
** [[Diving mask]] clearing and [[demand valve]] clearing
** [[Air sharing]]
** Air sharing ascent
* Basic [[Rebreather]] skills:
** Preparing the Rebreather
** Buoyancy control using the Rebreather
** Ascents and descents
** [[Diving mask]] clearing and mouthpiece draining
** Bailing out
** Bail out ascent
** [[Diluent flush]]
* Dive planning skills:
** [[Buddy system]]
** Use of [[decompression tables]]
** Use of [[Dive computer]]s
** [[Breathing gas]] requirement calculations
** Safe dive site selection
** Precautions for [[night diving]] and [[drift diving]]
* Dive leading skills:
** Depth and time discipline
** Air management
** Use of [[surface marker buoy]]s
** Use of [[decompression buoy]]s
** Use of [[distance line]]s
** Use of [[diving shot]]s
** [[Compass]] [[navigation]]
** Underwater [[pilotage]]
** Doing [[decompression stops]]
* [[Diver rescue]] techniques:
** [[Controlled buoyant lift]]
** Towing a diver and landing a casualty
** In-water [[artificial respiration]]
** [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]] on land
** [[Oxygen first aid]] on land
** General [[First aid]]
* [[Technical diving]] techniques:
** Using [[Nitrox]] as a bottom gas
*** [[oxygen analyzer|Analyzing proportion of oxygen]] in a [[breathing gas]]
*** Calculating [[maximum operating depth]] of a breathing gas
*** Calculating [[equivalent air depth]] of a breathing gas
** Using [[Nitrox]] as a decompression gas
*** Planning accelerated [[decompression stop]]s
** Normoxic [[Trimix]] as a bottom gas
** Hypoxic [[Trimix]] as a bottom gas
* Vocational techniques:
** [[Cave diving]] techniques
** [[Shipwreck|Wreck]] penetration
** [[Underwater photography]]
** [[Underwater videography]]
** [[Underwater archeology]]
** Marine life identification
** [[Marine biology]]
* Dive group leading skills:
** Selecting dive sites using [[nautical chart]]s
** [[Tide]]s and use of tide tables
** [[Weather]] influences and prediction
** Group [[diver rescue]] management techniques
** Dive group safety, prevention and supervision
** Underwater search and recovery skills
** Underwater [[Hydrographic survey|survey]] skills
* Logistical skills:
** Boat handling and [[seamanship]]
** Boat [[navigation]] and [[position fixing]]
** [[Diving air compressor]] operation
** [[Gas blending]]
** Use of group equipment such as [[diving shot]]s and [[decompression trapeze]]s
** [[Recompression chamber]] operation
* Instructor skills:
** Teaching diving theory
** Teaching personal diving skills
** Teaching group diving, safety and rescue skills
** Teaching boat handling, seamanship and navigation skills
** Teaching instructing skills
==Scuba training for younger members==
See [http://www.diveinstruct.org.uk/youngdivers/padi3.html About training younger children to scuba dive]. Some clubs restrict younger children to [[snorkeling]]; however, some do not. Some clubs have a special name, [http://www.divessi.com/scubarangers SSI Scuba Rangers], for their younger members' group. One word sometimes so used is "[[Tadpole]]s" (by extension from the word "[[frogman|'''frog'''man]]").
==External links==
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{{dmoz|Recreation/Outdoors/Scuba_Diving/Organizations/Training_Agencies|Scuba Diver Training Agencies}}
{{unreferenced|date=January 2008}}
[[Category:Underwater diving]]
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