Dog meat 3279728 225674120 2008-07-14T21:03:33Z 66.207.203.226 /* Indonesia */ change "on Javanese" to "on Java" {{for|the record label|Dog Meat Records}} [[Image:Dog meat hotpot.JPG|300px|thumb|right|A platter of cooked dog meat in [[Guilin]], [[China]]]] {{nutritionalvalue | name=Dog meat | water=60.1 g | opt2n=Ash | opt2v=0.8 g | kJ=1096 | protein=19 g | fat=20.2 g | carbs=0.1 g | fiber=0 g | sodium_mg=72 | calcium_mg=8 | phosphorus_mg=168 | iron_mg=2.8 | potassium_mg =270 | cholesterol=44.4 mg | vitA_ug = 3.6 | thiamin_mg=0.12 | riboflavin_mg=0.18 | vitC_mg=3 | niacin_mg=1.9 | right=2 | source=Yong-Geun Ann (1999)<ref>Ann Yong-Geun [http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/report/r2.htm "Dog Meat Foods in Korea"], Table 4. Composition of dog meat and Bosintang (in 100g, raw meat), ''Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition'' 12(4) 397 - 408 (1999).</ref>}} In some countries, apart from being kept as pets, certain breeds of [[dog]]s are raised on farms and [[slaughter]]ed for their meat. '''Dog meat''' may be consumed as an alternative source of meat or for specific medicinal benefits attributed to various parts of a dog. In parts of the world where dogs are kept as [[pets]], people generally consider the use of dogs for [[food]] to be a [[taboo food and drink|social taboo]]. Though the consumption of dog meat is generally viewed as taboo in Western culture, some Westerners support the right to eat dog meat and accuse other Westerners who protest against dog eating in other countries of [[cultural imperialism]] and intolerance.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.slate.com/id/2060840/ | title = Wok The Dog -- What's wrong with eating man's best friend? | accessdate = 2007-05-11 | author = William Saletan | date = [[January 16]] [[2002]] | publisher = slate.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunysb.edu/writrhet/philosophy/handbook/essaycontest/2004essaywinners/2004%20Ahmet%20Zihni.htm |title=Dog Meat Dilemma |author=Ahmed Zihni |publisher=sunysb.edu |year=[[2004]] |accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20060427201343/http://www.prospect.org/print/V13/10/feffer-j.html |title=The Politics of Dog - When globalization and culinary practice clash |author= John Feffer |date=[[June 2]] [[2002]] |accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref> [[Joey Skaggs]], for instance, organized a hoax in the United States in which a fictitious Korean restaurant asked for dogs to be made into dog meat in order to expose the alleged intolerance of those opposed to dog-eating.<Ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.snopes.com/critters/edibles/dogsoup.htm | title = Letter from Kea So Joo, Inc, 1994 | accessdate = 2006-12-01 | year = 1994 | month = May | publisher = snopes.com }}</Ref><Ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.joeyskaggs.com/html/dog.html | title = Kea So Joo, a.k.a. Dog Meat Soup | accessdate = 2006-12-01 | author = Kim Yung Soo (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs) | year = 1994 | month = May | publisher = joeyskaggs.com }}</Ref> Others, however, oppose the consumption of dog meat in non-Western countries, particularly [[Korea]]. They perceive dogs as inherently emotional and friendly to humanity, arguing that the slaughter of a dog for food is excessively cruel.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.animalfreedom.org/english/column/dogmeattrade.html | title = Comments on action 'Stop the dog-meat trade in Korea' | accessdate = 2007-08-06 | publisher = AnimalFreedom.org }}</ref><ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.friendsofdogs.net/KAPSoppose.html | title = Sunnan's speech at the HK conference | accessdate = 2007-08-06 | author = Sunnan Kum | year = 2003 | month = September | publisher = Friends of Dogs, Korean Animal Protection Society }}</ref><ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.koreananimals.or.kr/zboard_en/view.php?id=sub_notice&page=1&sn1=&divpage=1&sn=off&ss=on&sc=on&select_arrange=headnum&desc=asc&no=2 | title = Withdraw The “Hygienic Control of Dog Meat” | accessdate = 2007-08-06 | year = 2005 | month = March | publisher = Korean Animal Protection Society }}</ref><ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dogbiz.com/dont-eat-dog-meat.htm | title = Koreans At Their Worst - Killing & Eating Dogs and Cats | accessdate = 2007-08-06 | publisher = dogbiz.com }}</ref> In [[Islamic]] culture, eating dogs is forbidden under [[Muslim dietary laws]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/021.smt.html#021.4752 |title=Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 21: The Book of Games and the Animals which May be Slaughtered and the Animals that Are to be Eaten. |publisher=USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts |accessdate=2007-05-27}} Chapter 3: It is unlawful to eat fanged beasts of prey and birds with talons</ref> ==Cultural attitudes, Legalities, and History== Cultural attitudes, legalities, and history regarding eating dog meat varies from country to country. Very little statistical information is available on attitudes to the consumption of dog meat. ===Arctic and Antarctic=== Dogs have historically been an emergency food source for various peoples in [[Siberia]], [[Alaska]], [[northern Canada]], and [[Greenland]]. [[Sled dog]]s are usually maintained for pulling sleds, but occasionally are eaten when no other food is available. Norwegian explorer [[Roald Amundsen]] famously ate sled dogs during his expedition to the South Pole to survive. By eating some of the sled dogs he was able to transport less dog food, thus lightening his load. ===Canada=== Consumption of dog meat is taboo in mainstream Canadian culture. However it may be practised by some cultural minorities. In 2003, health inspectors discovered four frozen canine carcasses in the freezer of a [[Canadian Chinese cuisine|Chinese restaurant]] in [[Edmonton]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/11/05/dog_restaurant2031105.html |title=Ready-to-cook canines at Edmonton restaurant |date=[[November 5]] [[2003]] |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> Subsequently, the Edmonton health inspector said that it is not illegal to sell and eat the meat of dogs and other [[Canidae|canines]], as long as the meat has been inspected.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/11/07/dog_meat031107.html |title=Dog meat legal, health inspector says |date=[[November 7]] [[2003]] |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> In the end, these four particular canine carcasses were found to be [[coyote]]s. Ed Greenburg, an official with Edmonton's Capital Health Region, said the fact that the animals were coyotes doesn't change anything and inspectors are still looking into the possibility that uninspected meat was served at the restaurant. Under Canada's Wildlife Act, it is illegal to sell meat from any wild species. There is no law against selling and serving canine meat, including dogs, but it must be killed and gutted in front of federal inspectors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/11/11/coyote_meat031111.html |title=Canine carcasses at Edmonton restaurant were coyotes |date=[[November 11]] [[2003]] |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> ===China=== Dog meat ({{zh-cp|c=狗肉|p=''gǒu ròu''}}) has been a source of food in parts of China from at least the time of [[Confucius]], and possibly even before. Ancient writings from the [[Zhou Dynasty]] referred to the "three beasts"{{Citequote}} (which were bred for food), including pig, goat, and dog. [[Mencius]], the philosopher, recommended dog as the tastiest of all meats{{Citequote}}. Dog meat is sometimes [[euphemism|euphemistically]] called "fragrant meat" (香肉 ''xiāng ròu'') or "[[lamb (food)|mutton]] of the earth" (地羊 ''dì yáng'') in [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]] and "3-6 fragrant meat" ({{zh-tcy|t=三六香肉|cy=''sàam luhk hèung yuhk''}}) in [[Standard Cantonese|Cantonese]] (3 plus 6 is 9 and the words "nine" and "dog" are [[homophone]]s, both pronounced ''gáu'' in Cantonese). In the past in [[China]], during a hard season when the food store was depleted, dogs were occasionally slaughtered as an emergency food supply. Today it is consumed for its perceived medicinal value of increasing the positive energy of one's body (the ''[[yin yang|yang]]''),{{Fact|date=November 2007}} and helping to regulate [[Circulatory system|blood circulation]].{{Fact|date=November 2007}} Due to this belief, people eat dog meat in the winter to help to keep themselves warm. This is also the reason why it isn't eaten by some other Chinese because they think it will overheat your body.<ref> {{cite news | last = Jeffries | first = Stuart | title = Fang shui | work = Sydney morning Hearald | language = english | date = [[2004-12-29]] | url = http://www.smh.com.au/news/Good-Living/Fang-shui/2004/12/28/1103996536603.html | accessdate = 2006-09-04}} </ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Dog meat row hits HK chain | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2172072.stm | publisher = BBC News | date = [[4 August]] [[2002]] }}</ref> Contrary to some popular beliefs, the Chinese eat only dogs raised specifically for meat, not those raised as pets. The dogs are slaughtered between 6 and 12 months of age allegedly because of their size at that age, and for desirability of the meat.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Despite being a socially acceptable practice, the average Chinese does not usually consume dog meat as it is relatively expensive compared to other meat choices and hence generally more accessible to affluent Chinese.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2074073.stm |date[[29 June]] [[2002]] |title=China's taste for the exotic |author=Rupert Wingfield-Hayes |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2007-05-15}}</ref> More concentrated dog meat consumption areas in China are in the northeast, south and southwestern areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2004-08-02-batik-china_x.htm | accessdate=2006-09-06|title=Batik, waterfalls and dog meat in rural China }}</ref> Peixian County in Northern [[Jiangsu]] is well-known in China for the production of a dog-meat stew flavoured with soft-shelled turtle. The dish is said to have been invented by [[Fan Kuai]] and to have been a favourite with [[Liu Bang]], founder of the [[Han dynasty]].{{Fact|date=November 2007}} 300,000 dogs are killed in the county each year, much of the meat being processed into stew for export across China and Korea.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The Chinese normally cook the dog meat by stewing it with thick gravy or by roasting it. One method of preparing the dog carcass is by immersion in boiling water, allowing the skin to be peeled off in one pull.{{Fact|date=July 2007}} In [[Hong Kong]], a local [[local ordinance|ordinance]] dating from British colonial times, which has been retained after the handover to Chinese sovereignty, prohibits the slaughter of any dog or cat for use as food, whether for mankind or otherwise, on pain of fine and imprisonment.<Ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/44771ba5f3213c8e88256489000ba799?OpenDocument | title = Slaughter of dog or cat for food prohibited | accessdate = 2006-12-01 | date = [[1997-06-30]] | publisher = Hong Kong Bilingual Laws information System }}</Ref><Ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/4047f3da4a9d11a588256489000ba79a?OpenDocument | title = Slaughter of dog or cat for food - Penalty | accessdate = 2006-12-01 | date = [[1997-06-30]] | publisher = Hong Kong Bilingual Laws information System }}</Ref> Four local men were sentenced to 30 days imprisonment in December 2006 for having slaughtered two dogs.<Ref> {{cite web | last = Cheng | first = Jonathan | url = http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_print.asp?art_id=34791&sid=11480561 | title = Dog-for-food butchers jailed (DUBIOUS first case) | accessdate = 2007-01-10 | date = [[2006-12-23]] | publisher = The Standard - China's Business Newspaper }}</Ref> In an earlier case, in February 1998, a [[Hongkonger]] was sentenced to one month imprisonment and a fine of two thousand HK dollars for hunting street dogs for food.<Ref> {{cite web | url = http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/?qid=1306052905861 | title = First Case Imprisonment in HK for Dog Meal | accessdate = 2006-12-23 | date = [[2006-05-29]] }}</Ref> Apart from this, a large proportion of Hong Kong residents are currently against the consumption of dog meat. For [[Zainichi Korean|Korean people in Japan]], China is the only exporter of dog meat to Japan and exported 31 tons in 2006.<ref>{{ja icon}} [http://www.maff-aqs.go.jp/tokei/nenpo/2006/H18chikusanbutu-kunibetu.xls 平成18年動物検疫年報仕出地域別輸入検疫状況], ''Quarantine Statics'', The Animal Quarantine Service,[http://www.maff-aqs.go.jp/english/index.htm] [[Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)]].</ref> In Japan dog meat is available in [[Koreatown|Korean towns]] such as [[Tsuruhashi]], [[Osaka]] and [[Okubo]], Tokyo. Korean residents in Japan frequent dog meat restaurants there.[http://allabout.co.jp/interest/nightpleasure/closeup/CU20070613A/index.htm] Some controversy has emerged about the treatment of dogs in China not because of the consumption itself, but because of other factors like cruelty involved with the killing including allegations that animals are skinned while still alive. In recent years, more and more Chinese people changed their attitude towards eating dog meat from 'personal choice 'to 'unnecessary cruelty'{{Citequote}}. A growing movement against consumption of cat and dog meat has gained attention from people in mainland China. Those changes began about two years after the formation of the Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network, a networking project of [[Chinese Animal Protection Network]]. Expanded to more than 40 member societies, CCAPN in January 2006 began organizing well-publicized protests against dog and cat eating, starting in Guangzhou, following up in more than ten other cities "with very optimal response from public."<ref name="Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats(Animal People)">{{cite web | url = http://www.animalpeoplenews.org/07/11/guangzhoubanseatingsnakes11_07.html| accessdate=2008-02-16 | title=Reuters: Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats}}</ref> Since Jan 2007, more than ten Chinese groups have joined an online signing event against the consumption of cat and dog meat. The signatures indicate that the participants will avoid eating cat and dog meat in the future. This online signing event received more than 42,000 signatures from public and has been circulated around the country. <ref name="Say no to cat dog meat(Apple Daily HK)">{{cite web | url = http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/pet-lover/article?mid=4575%20| accessdate=2008-02-16 | title=Reuters: Say no to cat dog meat}}</ref> Supportors of this online event also organized offline events in many cities, including several high profile performance-art shows. Some Chinese restaurants in the United States serve "imitation dog meat", which is usually [[pulled pork]] and purportedly flavored like dog meat. e.g. "Northern Chinese Restaurant", Rosemead, CA <ref name="Northern Chinese Restaurant, Rosemead, CA (Yelp reviews)">{{cite web | url = http://www.yelp.com/biz/northern-chinese-restaurant-rosemead#hrid:U-axVJ_MMEBaoIodfXa5dg/query:dog%20meat | accessdate=2008-02-16 | title=Northern Chinese Restaurant, Rosemead, CA}}</ref> According to the recent documentary TV from BBC, Tibetan monks in China also eat dog meat. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/page/item/b00936pn.shtml BBC iPlayer - A Year in Tibet<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===France=== In France, dogs were widely eaten during famines. <ref>”Pari shi no ura dori”『パリ史の裏通り』 Toshio Horii, Hakusui-sha, August 1999 ISBN 4-560-07343-0</ref> ===Germany=== Dog meat has been eaten in every major German crisis at least since the time of [[Frederick the Great]], and is commonly referred to as "blockade mutton."<ref name=Time1940>{{Citation |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884181,00.html |title=Dachshunds Are Tenderer |date=[[November 25]], [[1940]] |publication=Time Magazine |accessdate=[[2008-01-20]]}}</ref> In the early 20th century, consumption of dog meat in Germany was common.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B04E4D9133EE033A25750C2A9609C946697D6CF&oref=slogin |title=GERMANY'S DOG MEAT MARKET; Consumption of Canines and Horses Is on the Increase. |date=[[June 23]], [[1907]] |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=[[2008-01-20]]}}</ref> In 1937, [[Trichinella|trichina]] inspection was introduced for pigs, dogs, boars, foxes, badgers, and other carnivores.<ref>Fleischbeschaugesetz (Meat Inspection Law), § 1a, [http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19370007&zoom=2&seite=00000453&x=16&y=9 RGBl. (Reich Law Gazette) 1937 I p. 458], then becoming § 1 para. 3, [http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400007&zoom=2&seite=00001463&ues=0&x=8&y=8 RGBl. 1940 I p. 1463] (in German)</ref> Since 1986 dog meat is prohibited in Germany.<ref>Fleischhygienegesetz (Law on Meat Hygiene), § 1 para. 1 sent. 4, [http://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/dokumentenarchiv/Dokument/XBCBGI8614.pdf BGBl. (Federal Law Gazette) 1986 I p. 398] (in German).</ref> ===India=== Dog meat is consumed in the remote, inaccessible mountainous parts of [[North-East India]] such as [[Mizoram]] and [[Nagaland]]. <ref>{{Cite news | title = Dog meat, a delicacy in Mizoram | publisher =The Hindu | date =[[December 20]] [[2004]] | url = http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/20/stories/2004122003042000.htm | quote=Inquiries revealed that dog meat is a prized food item here.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title =Dimapur, Nagaland's Biggest City | date =[[January 29]] [[2007]] |quote=Nagaland is in many way culturally closer to South East Asia than to India proper, and this is also seen in the food culture. It is not uncommon to eat dog | url = http://eagersnap.blogspot.com/2007/01/dimapur-nagalands-biggest-city.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | author=N.P. Nair | newspaper =The Hindu | date =[[February 14]] [[2005]] | url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/14/stories/2005021413730300.htm | quote=In Nagaland, dog meat is very much in demand | title =Letters}}</ref> Apart from the above area eating dog is a taboo in present day India. In addition, [[Hinduism]], the primary religion of India has a strong vegetarian tradition. But there have been some stories about Viswamitra, vamadeva rishis eating dog meat when in complete scarcity of food supplies. <ref>http://rishiparampara.com/aboutviswa.html </ref><ref> http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2267/is_1_66/ai_54668872 </ref> ===Indonesia=== In [[Indonesia]], the consumption of dog meat are usually associated with the [[Minahasa]], a Christian ethnic group in northern [[Sulawesi]], and [[Batak]] tribe of Northern Sumatra who consider dog meat to be a festive dish and usually reserve it for special occasions like weddings and [[Christmas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jai.or.id/jurnal/2004/sv/06gw_sv04.pdf| accessdate=2006-12-20|title=Minahasa}}</ref>. Popular Indonesian dog-meat dish are Rica-Rica, "RW" or Rintek Wuuk, Rica-Rica Waung, Guk-Guk and "B1". Locally on Java there are several names for dishes made from dog meat such as SengSu (Oseng Asu), Sate Jamu and Kambing Balap. {{POV|date=April 2008}} {{Infobox East Asian | color = #CCCCFF | koreanname = South Korean name | hangul = [[wikt:개|개]][[wikt:고기|고기]] | rr = Gaegogi | mr = Kaegogi | koreanname2 = North Korean name | context2 = north | hangul2 = [[wikt:달다|단]][[wikt:고기|고기]] | rr2 = Dan(-)gogi | mr2 = Tan'gogi }} ===Korea=== '''''Gaegogi''''' literally means "[[dog]] [[meat]]" in [[Korean language|Korean]]. ''Gaegogi'', however, is often mistaken as the term for [[Korean cuisine|Korean]] [[soup]] made from dog meat, ''[[bosintang]]''. Though proponents claim that dogs used for food are a special breed, the soup may be made from any breed of dog. Since 1984, selling dog meat has been illegal in South Korea. Dog meat manufacturing and processing are not allowed, <ref> {{ko}} 대한민국에서 개고기는 불법입니다. 식품위생법 시행규칙 42조 별표 13을 보면, 보건복지부 장관이나 시·도지사가 인정한 혐오식품은 조리·판매해서는 안 된다는 규정이 있습니다. 식약청에서는 개고기는 혐오식품으로 식품 제조가공원료로 허용되지 않는다고 하고요, 서울시 고시에서 보신탕은 혐오식품으로 분류돼 있죠, 한국동물보호연합 [http://www.kaap.or.kr/new_site/s1.html?mode=read&idx=19828&page=1&page_list=1&db_name=s1&kwd=] {{ko}} </ref> <ref> {{ko}} 모든 국가에서는 식품을 『가공·조리』해서 판매할 경우 반드시 나라에서 허가한 것만을 식품으로 가공·조리하도록 정하고 있는데, <식품위생법> 제 7조 1항에 근거하여 식약청장이 고시한 "식품공전" (→아래 참조)을 보면 개는 식품으로 『가공·조리』할 수 있는 원자재 원료에 적혀 있지 않습니다. 정부는 동물의 도축 방법을 규정하는 <축산물 가공처리법> 에서 개는 식용 유통이 가능한 '12가지 가축'에 포함시키지 않음으로 식용으로 개를 도살하거나(동물보호법 "제 6조" 위반) 판매 또는 식용하는 행위 모두가 불법으로 축산물가공처리법 제 45조(벌칙)와 동물보호법 제 12조(벌칙)에 근거하여 개 도살을 처벌할 수 있습니다.Hankyore [http://hantoma.hani.co.kr/board/view.html?board_id=ht_health:001053&uid=331] {{ko}} </ref> but the order is sometimes ignored.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} The consumption of dog meat can be traced back many centuries. Dog bones were excavated in a neolithic settlement in Changnyeong, [[Gyeongsangnam-do|South Gyeongsang]] Province. One of the wall paintings in the [[Complex of Goguryeo Tombs|Goguryeo tombs complex]] in South Hwangghae Province, a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage site]] which dates from 4th century AD, depicts a slaughtered dog in a storehouse. ====Types of dishes==== {{seealso|Korean cuisine}} *[[bosintang]] - dog stew including dog meat as its primary ingredient. *gaejangguk - dog meat soup. *gaesuyuk - boiled dog meat. *gaesoju - a fermented drink that is distilled by cooking the dog in a [[double boiler]]. Dog’s penis used to be added as a medicine to supplement energy.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} ====Controversy==== Use of dogs for meat and the methods of slaughter used have generated friction between dog lovers, both Western and Korean, and people who eat dogs; the conflict occasionally breaks out as headline news. During the [[1988 Summer Olympics]] in [[Seoul]], Korea's capital city, the [[South Korea]]n government asked its citizens not to consume dog meat to avoid bad publicity during the games. The controversy surfaced again in 2001 during the 2002 FIFA World Cup.<Ref> {{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1640848.stm | title = Fifa warns S Korea over dog meat | accessdate = 2006-12-01 | date = [[2001-11-06]] | publisher = BBC News Asia-Pacific }}</Ref><Ref name="SKBBC1"> {{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1651543.stm | title = S Korea dog meat row deepens | accessdate = 2006-12-01 | date = [[2001-11-12]] | publisher = BBC News Asia-Pacific }}</Ref> The organizer of the games, under pressure from [[animal rights]] groups such as [[PETA]],<ref name="SKPETA">[http://www.peta.org/feat/korea/ "South Korean Dogs and Cats: Tortured and Boiled Alive"], [[PETA]].</ref> demanded that the Korean government re-address the issue. Today in [[Korea]], a segment of the population enjoy ''bosintang'' (literally "invigorating soup"), believing it to have medicinal properties, particularly as relates to virility. Dog meat is also believed to keep one cool during the intense Korean summer. Many [[Korean Buddhism|Korean Buddhists]] consider eating meat an offense, which includes dog meat{{Fact|date=April 2008}}. Unlike beef, pork, or poultry, dog meat has no legal status as food in South Korea. Some in South Korea and abroad believe that dog meat should be expressly legalized so that only authorized preparers can deal with the meat in more humane and sanitary ways, while others think that the practice should be banned by law. In recent years, more and more Korean people changed their attitude towards eating dog meat from 'personal choice 'to 'unnecessary cruelty'{{Fact|date=July 2008}}. Animal rights activists in South Korea protest against the custom of eating dog meat.<ref> Activists protest against dog meat eating, [[BBC]][http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1784888.stm] </ref> ===Mexico=== Dogs were historically bred for their meat by the [[Aztecs]]. [[Hernan Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] reported that when he arrived in [[Tenochtitlan]] in [[1519]], "small gelded dogs which they breed for eating" were among the goods sold in the city markets.<ref>{{cite book | last = Cortés | first = Hernan | authorlink = | coauthors = trans. Anthony Pagden | title = Letters from Mexico | id = ISBN 0-300-03799-6}} </ref> These dogs, now extinct, were called ''itzcuintlis'', and were similar to the modern [[Mexican Hairless Dog]]. They are often depicted in [[pre-Columbian]] Mexican pottery. In May 2008 a man named Rubén Cuellar of Veracruz-Boca del Rio was accused of engaging in the slaughter of dogs and selling the meat to local taco restaurants. He was detained by police pending investigation.<ref>[http://www.notiver.com.mx/index.php?id=118382 Mata perros surtia de carne fresca a taqueros]</ref> ===Nigeria=== Dogs are eaten in some states of Nigeria including Cross River, Plateau, Taraba and Gombe of Nigeria. They are believed to have medicinal powers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6419041.stm | accessdate=2006-03-06|title=Dog's dinners prove popular in Nigeria }}</ref> ===Philippines===<!-- This section is linked from [[Cuisine of the Philippines]] --> In the capital city of [[Manila]], Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05<Ref>{{cite web | title = Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05 | url=http://www.pitstopit.com/paws3/campaign_mmc.htm | accessdate = 2006-10-27 }} </ref> specifically prohibits the killing and selling of dogs for food. More generally, the Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998<ref> {{cite web | title = The Animal Welfare Act 1998 | url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno8485.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-30 }} </ref> prohibits the killing of any animal other than cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, poultry, rabbits, [[carabao]]s, horses, deer and crocodiles except in the following instances: #When it is done as part of the religious rituals of an established religion or sect or a ritual required by tribal or ethnic custom of indigenous cultural communities; however, leaders shall keep records in cooperation with the Committee on Animal Welfare; #When the pet animal is afflicted with an incurable [[Infectious disease|communicable disease]] as determined and certified by a duly licensed veterinarian; #When the killing is deemed necessary to put an end to the misery suffered by the animal as determined and certified by a duly licensed veterinarian; #When it is done to prevent an imminent danger to the life or limb of a human being; #When done for the purpose of animal population control; #When the animal is killed after it has been used in authorized research or experiments; and #Any other ground analogous to the foregoing as determined and certified by a licensed veterinarian. Nevertheless, as is reported from time to time in Philippine newspapers, the eating of dog meat is not uncommon in the Philippines.<Ref>{{cite web | url = http://news.inq7.net/regions/index.php?index=2&story_id=63272&col=36 | title = Dog meat eating doesn’t hound Cordillera natives | accessdate = 2006-10-27 | accessmonthday = | accessyear = | author = Desiree Caluza | date = [[2006-01-17]] | publisher = Philippine Daily Inquirer }}</Ref> DogMeatTrade.com,<ref>http://www.dogmeattrade.com/ www.dogmeattrade.com</ref>an organization working in the Philippines to eliminate the eating of dogs in the country, estimates that 500,000 dogs are killed annually in the Philippine Islands for human consumption.<Ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dogmeattrade.com/index.html | title = Official website | accessdate = 2006-10-27 | date = [[2006-01-17]] | publisher = Dog Meat Trade .com }}</Ref> In the [[Province]] of [[Benguet]], Resolution 05-392 has been passed declaring, among other things, ''"it has been an evolved cultural practice of indigenous peoples of the [[Cordillera Administrative Region|Cordillera]] the butchering of animals, dogs included, as part of their rituals and practices leading to its commercialization to a limited extent, and had become an inevitable common necessity in their way of life"''; and resolving, among other things, ''"to seek the help and assistance of the Committee on Animal Welfare, Department of Agriculture, the Regional Police Office, Cordillera Administrative Region, the Provincial Police Office, Benguet Province, for the proper observance of the said rights of indigenous peoples"''.<Ref>{{cite web | url = http://elgu2.ncc.gov.ph/benguet/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=288&Itemid=1 | title = Resolution 05-392 | accessdate = 2006-10-27 | date = [[2006-01-17]] | publisher = Province of Benguet }}</Ref> ===Polynesia=== Dogs were historically eaten in [[Tahiti]] and other islands of [[Polynesia]] including [[Hawaii]]<ref> {{cite book | last = Titcomb | first = M. | authorlink = M. Titcomb | title = Dog and Man in the Ancient Pacific | year = 1969 | publisher = Bishop Museum Press | publication = Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 59 | location = Honolulu }}</ref> <ref> {{cite book | last = Ellis | first = W. | authorlink = W. Ellis | title = Polynesian Researches | volumes = 4 | year = 1839 | publisher = Fisher, Jackson | location = London }}</ref> at the time of first European contact. [[James Cook]], when first visiting Tahiti in 1769, recorded in his journal that "few were there of us but what allowe'd that a South Sea Dog was next to an English Lamb, one thing in their favour is that they live entirely upon Vegetables".<ref> {{cite book | last = Mumford | first = David | authorlink = David Mumford | title = The Explorations of Captain James Cook in the Pacific | id = ISBN 0-486-22766-9 }}</ref> ===Switzerland=== According to the [[November 21]], [[1996]], edition of the ''Rheintaler Bote'', a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] newspaper covering the Rhine Valley area, the rural [[Swiss cantons]] of [[Appenzell]] and [[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] are known to have had a tradition of eating dogs, curing dog meat into [[jerky (food)|jerky]] and [[sausages]], as well as using the [[lard]] for medicinal purposes. Dog sausage and smoked dog jerky remains a staple in the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell, where one farmer was quoted in a regional weekly newspaper as saying that "meat from dogs is the healthiest of all. It has shorter fibres than cow meat, has no hormones like veal, no antibiotics like pork."<ref>''[[Joongang Ilbo]]'', January 13, 2004; ''Rheintaler Bote'', November 21, 1996; excerpts from both articles translated in: [http://www.rjkoehler.com/?p=460 "And you thought they just ate fondue"], ''Marmot's Hole'' (blog), January 14, 2004. Retrieved 2007-08-08.</ref> A few years earlier, a news report on [[RTL Television]] on the two cantons set off a wave of protests from European animal rights activists and other concerned citizens. A 7000-name petition was filed to the commissions of the cantons, who rejected it, saying it wasn't the state's right to monitor the eating habits of its citizens. The production of food from dog meat, however, is illegal in Switzerland.<ref>[[Federal Department of Home Affairs (Switzerland)|FDHA]] Ordinance of 23 November 2005 on food of animal origin, [http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/817_022_108/a2.html Art.2].</ref> ===Taiwan=== Dog meat ([[Taiwanese (linguistics)|Taiwanese]] or [[Minnan]]: 狗肉 ''káu-bah'') is known by the [[euphemism]] "fragrant meat" (香肉 ''xiāng ròu'') in [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]] in Taiwan. Eating dogs has never been commonplace in Taiwan, but it is particularly eaten in the winter months, especially black dogs, which are believed to help retain body warmth. In 2004, the Taiwanese government imposed a ban on the sale of dog meat, due to both pressure from domestic animal welfare groups and a desire to improve international perceptions, although there were some protests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-10-2004-49298.asp | accessdate=2006-09-06|title=Taiwan Bans The Selling Of Dog Meat }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1097823.stm |title=Taiwan bans dog meat |date=[[2 January]] [[2001]] |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2007-05-15}}</ref> According to Lonely Planet's Taiwan guide, it is still possible to find dog meat on some restaurant menus, but this is becoming increasingly rare. ===Vietnam===<!-- This section is linked from [[Cuisine of Vietnam]] --> {{seealso|Cuisine of Vietnam}} [[Image:Dog meat.jpg|thumb|right|A dog meat platter found in a street market a few miles east of [[Hanoi]]]] Dog meat is consumed throughout Vietnam to varying degrees of acceptability, though more predominantly in the north. There are multiple dishes featuring dog meat, and they often include the head, feet and internal organs. On Nhat Tan Street, [[Tay Ho|Tây Hồ]] District, [[Hanoi]], many restaurants serve dog meat, often imitating each other. Dog meat restaurants can be found throughout the country. Groups of customers, usually male, seated on mats, will spend their evenings sharing plates of dog meat and drinking alcohol. Dog meat is supposed to raise the [[libido]] and is sometimes considered unsuitable for women; in other words, eating dog meat can serve as a [[male bonding]] exercise. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon for women to eat dog meat.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1735647.stm |title=Vietnam's dog meat tradition |date=[[31 December]] [[2001]] |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2007-05-15}}</ref> The consumption of dog meat can be part of a ritual usually occurring toward the end of the [[lunar month]] for reasons of [[astrology]] and luck. Restaurants which mainly exist to serve dog meat may only open for the last half of the lunar month.<ref name=BBC31Dec2001>{{cite web | last = Arthurs | first = Clare | title = Vietnam's dog meat tradition | publisher = BBC | date = [[2001-12-31]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1735647.stm | accessdate = 2006-10-10 }}</ref> ====Types of dishes==== In Vietnamese cuisine there are many ways to cook dog meat. Typically a chef will choose one of seven ways to cook dog, collectively known as "cầy tơ 7 món". * Thit cho hap - steamed dog meat * Rua man - steamed dog in shrimp paste, rice flour and lemon grass * Doi cho - dog sausage * Gieng Me Mam Tom - Steamed dog in shrimp paste, ginger, spices and rice vinegar * Thit cho nuong - grilled dog meat * Canh Xao Mang Cho - Bamboo shoots and dog bone marrow * Cho Xao Sa Ot - Fried dog in lemon grass and chili ===United States=== It is considered a social taboo to eat dogs in the United States. E.g., under California Penal Code § 598b it is a [[misdemeanor]] to possess, import into, or export from the state, sell, buy, give away, or accept any animal traditionally or commonly kept as a pet or companion with the intent of killing or having another person kill that animal for the purpose of using or having another person use any part of the animal for food.<ref>[http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cacodes/pen/594%2D625c.html CA Penal Code § 594-625] (see § 598b)</ref> ====Native Americans==== The traditional culture surrounding the consumption of dog meat varied from [[tribe]] to tribe among the original inhabitants of [[North America]], with some tribes relishing it as a [[delicacy]] and others (such as the [[Comanche]]) treating it as an abhorrent practice.<ref>[http://www.nativeradio.com/jworley/column4.cfm Native Radio]</ref> Native peoples of the [[Great Plains]], such as the [[Sioux]] and [[Cheyenne]], consumed it, but there was a concurrent religious [[taboo]] against the meat of wild canines.<ref>[http://www.westonaprice.org/traditional_diets/native_americans.html Native American Diet]</ref> The usual preparation method was boiling. ==See also== * [[Taboo food and drink]] * [[Asocena]] * [[Cat meat]] *[[Cúchulainn#Cúchulainn's death|Cúchulainn's death]] * [[List of meat animals]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book | last = Colting | first = Fredrik | authorlink = | coauthors = Carl-Johan Gadd | editor = Magnus Andersson Gadd | title = The Pet Cookbook: Have your best Friend for dinner | date = [[2005-07-10]] | id = ISBN 91-974883-4-8 }} * {{cite book | author = Professor Yong-Geun Ann, Ph.D | title = Dog Meat | publisher = Hyoil Book Publishing Company | url = http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/english/ | language = Korean and English | id = }} (contains some recipes) * {{cite book | last = Dressler | first = Uwe | coauthors = Alexander Neumeister | title = Der Kalte Hund | date = [[2003-05-01]] | language = German | id = ISBN 3-8330-0650-1 }} ==External links== {{commonscat}} {{cookbook|Grilled Dog}} *[http://www.ccapn.ngo.cn/acpetition.php 'Stop Eating Cats and Dogs' online signning event of Chinese] * [http://www.deliciousdogs.com/ DeliciousDogs.com] – Forums, News and Articles related to dog meat as food. * [http://www.dogmeattrade.com Dog Meat Trade.com] Fighting against the illegal Philippine dog meat trade animal rights violation. Works through research, legislation, celebrity involvement & protest campaigns. * [http://sirius.2kat.net Sirius Global Animal Organisation] UN-recognised charity campaigning to end the trade of Western dogs to [[East Asia]] for meat production. * [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/archives/2001/07/08/0000093207 "Chinese show their passion for dogs"], ''[[Taipei Times]]'', July 08, 2001. * [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2005/10/13/apop.DTL "Putting On The Dog"] by Jeff Yang, ''[[SFGate.com]]'', October 13, 2005. * [http://www.loupiote.com/dog-meat/ "Thit chó: eating a (hot) dog"]: a photo series by Tristan Savatier. * [http://www.capn.ngo.cn/ACReport2007_en.doc "Chinese Animal Protection Network: our work against consumption of cat dog meat"] * [http://www.east.org.tw/01/link3-55.htm "One Person One Letter - Prevent South Korea from legalising the trade of dog meat]Contains images of the dog's habitating conditions and brutal slaughtering scenes - Warning! Very Graphic * [http://www.east.org.tw/01/mailto_ohsehoon.htm "Email dedicated for the prevention of legalising dog meat to Seoul Mayor"] Written in tradition Chinese and English, by EAST * [http://www.east.org.tw/01/mailto_president.htm "Email dedicated for the prevention of legalising dog meat to the new President of South Korea"] Written in traditional Chinese and English, by EAST [[Category:Animal welfare]] [[Category:Chinese ingredients]] [[Category:Dogs]] [[Category:Dogs in popular culture]] [[Category:Korean ingredients]] [[Category:Meat]] [[Category:Vietnamese cuisine]] [[ar:لحم الكلب]] [[de:Hundefleisch]] [[es:Carne de perro]] [[eo:Hundoviando]] [[fr:Cynophagie]] [[ko:개고기]] [[id:Daging anjing]] [[jv:Daging asu]] [[nl:Hondenvlees]] [[ja:犬食文化]] [[ta:நாய் இறைச்சி]] [[vi:Thịt chó]] [[zh:狗肉]]