Donald Norman 185177 220411526 2008-06-19T18:59:50Z 71.132.143.58 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 220406173 by [[Special:Contributions/XLinkBot|XLinkBot]] ([[User talk:XLinkBot|talk]]) [[Image:Donald Norman at AWF05.jpg|thumb|300px|Donald Norman]] '''Donald Arthur Norman''' (born December 25, 1935, according to Time Almanac 2008) is a [[professor emeritus]] of [[cognitive science]] at [[University of California, San Diego]] and a [[Professor]] of [[Computer Science]] at [[Northwestern University]], where he also co-directs the dual degree MBA + Engineering degree program between the Kellogg school and Northwestern Engineering. He is on numerous company advisory boards including the editorial board of [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. He currently splits his time between consulting and his teaching and writing at Northwestern from his homes in Evanston, Illinois and Palo Alto, California. Many of Norman's books deal mostly with [[Usability_engineering|usability]] or with [[cognitive psychology]], but ''Things That Make Us Smart'' also makes a few remarks of critical nature regarding our [[society]]. In particular Norman dislikes the content-less nature of [[television]] and bad [[museum]] exhibits. Lately he has tended to focus on the positive. He loves products which are enjoyable to use, a feature which he attributes to putting together emotion and design, or heart and mind. He has explained this in detail in his book ''Emotional Design''. He is a promoter of the concept of [[information appliance]]s, which he has covered in his book ''The Invisible Computer''. His newest book ''The Design of Future Things'' deals with the role of automation in the home and automobile. He co-founded the [[Nielsen Norman Group]], a consulting group on matters of usability which also includes [[Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)|Jakob Nielsen]] and [[Bruce Tognazzini|Bruce "Tog" Tognazzini]]. == Career == Norman received an [[Bachelor of Science|S.B.]] in [[EECS]] from [[MIT]] in 1957 [http://alum.mit.edu] and a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] in [[psychology]] from the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. After a few years at the Center for Cognitive Studies at [[Harvard University]], Norman came to the [[University of California, San Diego]] (UCSD) in 1966, first as a professor in the [[psychology]] department. Although he started as an experimental and mathematical psychologist, Norman's focus shifted to [[cognitive science]]. At UCSD, Norman was a founder of the Institute for Cognitive Science and one of the organizers of the [[Cognitive Science Society]] (along with [[Roger Schank]], [[Allan Collins]], and others), which held its first meeting at the UCSD campus in 1979. Norman published several important books during his time at UCSD, one of which, "User Centered System Design," obliquely referred to the university in the initials of its title. In 1986, he became the founding chair of a new cognitive science department. In 1995, Norman left UCSD to join [[Apple Computer]], initially as an Apple Fellow, and then as the Vice President of the [[Advanced Technology Group]]. He later worked for [[Hewlett-Packard]] before joining with Jakob Nielsen to form the [[Nielsen Norman Group]] in 1998. He returned to academia as a professor of [[computer science]] at [[Northwestern University]]. Norman has received many awards for his work. He received an honorary degree from the [[University of Padua]] in [[Padua]], [[Italy]]. In [[2001]] he was inducted as a [[Fellow]] of the [[Association for Computing Machinery]], and in [[2006]] received the [[Benjamin Franklin Medal]] in Computer and Cognitive Science [http://www.fi.edu/tfi/exhibits/bower/06/ccscience.html]. == Partial bibliography == === Psychology === * ''Human information processing: An introduction to psychology (1972) in collaboration with Peter H. Lindsay (first author)''<ref>"Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology by Peter H. Lindsay, Donald A. Norman Author(s) of Review: Gregg C. Oden, Lola L. Lopes The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 110, No. 4 (Winter, 1997), pp. 635-641 doi:10.2307/1423414 at JSTOR, an online journal archive made available to researchers through participating libraries and institutions. Subscription."</ref> * ''Memory and attention'' (1977) * ''Learning and memory'' (1982) === Usability === * ''[[Direct manipulation interface]]s (1985)'' in collaboration with E. L. Hutchins (first author) and J.D. Hollan * ''User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction'' (1986) (editor in collaboration with Stephen Draper) * ''The Design of Everyday Things'' (1988, originally under the title ''The Psychology of Everyday Things'') (Newprint 2002) * ''Turn signals are the facial expressions of automobiles'' (1992) * ''Things That Make Us Smart'' (1993) * ''The Invisible Computer'' (1999) * ''[[Emotional Design]]'' (2004) * ''[[The Design of Future Things]]'' (2007) == User Centered Design == In his book ''The Design of Everyday Things'', originally called "The Psychology of Everyday Things," Norman describes the psychology behind what he deems 'good' and 'bad' design, through case studies, and proposes design principles. He exalts the importance of design in our everyday lives, and the consequences of errors caused by bad design. In the book, Norman uses the term "user-centered design" to describe design based on the needs of the user, leaving aside what he deems secondary issues like aesthetics. [[User-centered design]] involves simplifying the structure of tasks, making things visible, getting the mapping right, exploiting the powers of constraint, designing for error, explaining [[affordance]]s and [[seven stages of action]]. Other topics of the book include: * The Psychology of Everyday Things * The Psychology of Everyday Actions * Knowledge in the Head and in the World * Knowing What to Do * To Err Is Human * The Design Challenge == See also == * [[Affordance]] * [[Executive system]] * [[Usability engineering]] * [[Human action cycle]] * [[Human-computer interaction]] * [[Interaction Design]] * [[User-centered design]] * [[Seven stages of action]] == References == <references/> == External links == * [http://www.jnd.org/ Don's homepage] * [http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/donald_a_norman.html Publications by Donald Norman] from Interaction-Design.org * [http://www.usabilityviews.com/don_by_date.html List of Don Norman articles] * [http://www.usabilityviews.com/userati_don_norman.html Don Norman &mdash; Userati] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQmwEjL6K1U Lecture by Don Norman on "The Design of Future Things" (Stanford University, February 9, 2007)] {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Barbara Mirel]] | title=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] SIGDOC Rigo Award | after=[[Stephen Doheny-Farina]] | years=2001 }} {{succession box | before=[[Aravind Joshi]] | title=Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science | after=[[Stuart Card]] | years=2006 }} {{end box}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Norman, Donald}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Apple Inc. employees]] [[Category:Cognitive scientists]] [[Category:American computer scientists]] [[Category:Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]] [[Category:Human-computer interaction researchers]] [[de:Donald Norman]] [[es:Donald Norman]] [[ko:도널드 노먼]] [[it:Donald Norman]] [[pt:Donald Norman]] [[fi:Donald Norman]]