Dracula orchid 217362 216186036 2008-05-31T13:51:05Z DumZiBoT 6085301 robot Modifying: [[pt:Dracula]] {{Taxobox | name = Dracula orchids | image = Dracula-vampira.web.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Dracula vampira'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Liliopsida]] | ordo = [[Asparagales]] | familia = [[Orchidaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]] | tribus = [[Epidendreae]] | subtribus = [[Pleurothallidinae]] | genus = '''''Dracula''''' | genus_authority = [[Carlyle August Luer|Luer]], 1978 | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = See text. }} The [[orchid]] [[genus]] '''''Dracula''''', abbreviated as '''Drac''' in horticultural trade, consists of 118 [[species]]. The strange name ''Dracula'', literally means "little dragon", referring to the strange aspect of the two long spurs of the [[sepal]]s <ref> [http://www.planetarkive.org/creatures/flowering-plants.jsp?mode=minifact&minifact=_minifactAsset_4848749040 Planet Arkive : Dracula orchid] </ref>. They were once included in the genus ''[[Masdevallia]]'', but became a separate genus in 1978. This genus has some of the more bizarre and well-known species of the subtribe [[Pleurothallidinae]]. ==Description== These [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] and [[terrestrial plant |terrestrial]] species are distributed in [[Central America]] and the northwest [[Andes]], almost half in [[Ecuador]] alone. They prefer shadow and an even, rather cold, temperature. These [[caespitose]] orchids grow in tufts from a short [[rhizome]], with a dense pack of stems. They lack [[pseudobulb]]s. On each stems grows one large, thin, [[plicate]] [[leaf]] with a sharply defined midrib. These glabrous, light to dark green leaves may be spongy, taking over the function of the missing pseudobulb. They are tipped with a mucro (a short tip). The [[flower]] stalks grow either horizontally from the base of the plant or descend, often for great distances. A few species grow upright flower stalks. The long-tailed terminal flowers are basically triangular. The flowers are borne singly or successively. Three species (sodiroi, decussata/neisseniae, and papillosa) may have up to three simultaneously open flowers on a single stalk. In general, though, if there is more than one flower bud on the raceme, they open up with long intervals. These flowers have a weird aspect, due to the long tails on each [[sepal]]. The [[petal]]s are small and somewhat thickened. The [[labellum|lip]] is often quite large for a Pleurothallid and may resemble a mushroom or fungus. The fleshy basal part of the lip (hypochile) is cleft. The terminal part (epichile) is rounded and concave. The margins of the [[perianth]] are often fringed. There is a well-developed [[column (botany)|column]] with two [[pollinium|pollinia]]. [[Image:Draculachestertonii.web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Frog's Skin (''Dracula chestertonii'')]] ==Species== The species of ''Dracula'' have tentatively been divided in three subgenera, sections and subsections. The different series in the subsection ''Dracula'' are merely an attempt to classify these orchids. *Subgenus ''Dracula'' : This subgenus contains all the species of the genus except two exceptional species (D. sodiroi and D. xenos) **Section ''Andreettaea'' : Monotypic: ''Dracula andreettae'' **Section ''Chestertonia'' : two species: ''Dracula chestertonii'', ''D. cutis-bufonis'' **Section ''Cochliopsida'' : Monotypic: ''Dracula cochliops'' **Section ''Dodsonia'' : Four species: ''Dracula dodsonii'', ''D. insolita'', ''D. iricolor'', ''D. portillae'' **Section ''Dracula'' : largest section ***Subsection : e.g. ''Dracula bella'', ''D. vespertilio'' ***Subsection ''Dracula'' : ****Series ''Dracula'' : e.g. ''Dracula chimaera'', ''D. tubeana'', ''D. vampira'' ****Series ''Grandiflorae-Parvilabiatae'' : e.g. ''Dracula gigas'', ''D. platycrater'' ****Series ''Parviflorae'' : e.g. ''Dracula houtteana'', ''D. lotax'' *Subgenus ''Sodiroa'' : Monotypic: ''Dracula sodiroi'' *Subgenus ''Xenosia'' : Monotypic : ''Dracula xenos'' ---- *''[[Dracula adrianae]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula alcithoe]]'' (SW. Colombia to NE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula amaliae]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula andreettae]]'' (W. Colombia to NE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula anthracina]]'' (NW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula antonii]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula aphrodes]]'' (W. Colombia. *''[[Dracula astuta]]'' (Costa Rica). *''[[Dracula barrowii]]'' (Peru). *''[[Dracula bella]]'' (WC. Colombia). *''[[Dracula bellerophon]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula benedictii]]'' (WC. Colombia. *''[[Dracula berthae]]'' (Colombia) . *''[[Dracula brangeri]]'' (C. Colombia). *''[[Dracula carcinopsis]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula carlueri]]'' (Costa Rica. *''[[Dracula chestertonii]]'' : '''Frog's Skin']]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula chimaera]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula chiroptera]]'' (SW. Colombia to NE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula christineana]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula circe]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula citrina]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula cochliops]]'' (SW. Colombia). [[Image:Draculacordobae3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dracula cordobae'']] *''[[Dracula cordobae]]'' (SW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula cutis-bufonis]]'' : '''Toadskin Orchid']]'' (NW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula dalessandroi]]'' (SE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula dalstroemii]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula decussata]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula deltoidea]]'' (SE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula deniseana]]'' (Peru. *''[[Dracula diabola]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula diana]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula dodsonii]]'' (Colombia to NC. Ecuador) *''[[Dracula erythrochaete]]'' (Costa Rica to W. Panama). *''[[Dracula exasperata]]'' ( SW. Colombia. *''[[Dracula fafnir]]'' (SE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula felix]]'' (SW. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula fuligifera]]'' (C. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula gastrophora]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula gigas]]'' (W. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula gorgona]]'' (W. Colombia) *''[[Dracula gorgonella]]'' (Colombia) *''[[Dracula hawleyi]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula hirsuta]]'' (SE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula hirtzii]]'' (SW. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). [[Image:Draculahoutteana1web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dracula houtteana'']] *''[[Dracula houtteana]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula inaequalis]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula incognita]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula inexperata]]'' (Costa Rica). *''[[Dracula insolita]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula janetiae]]'' (C. Peru) *''[[Dracula kareniae]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula lafleurii]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula lehmanniana]]'' (SW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula lemurella]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula leonum]]'' (Peru). *''[[Dracula levii]]'' (SW. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula ligiae]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula lindstroemii]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula lotax]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula mantissa]]'' (SW. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula marsupialis]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula mendozae]]'' Luer & V.N.M.Rao (Ecuador) *''[[Dracula minax]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula mopsus]]'' (Ecuador. *''[[Dracula morleyi]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula navarrorum]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula nigritella]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula nosferatu]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula nycterina]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula octavioi]]'' (SW. Colombia. *''[[Dracula olmosii]]'' (Panama). *''[[Dracula ophioceps]]'' (SW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula orientalis]]'' (NE. Colombia). *''[[Dracula ortiziana]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula papillosa]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula pholeodytes]]'' (NE. Colombia). *''[[Dracula pileus]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula platycrater]]'' (Colombia. *''[[Dracula polyphemus]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula portillae]]'' (SE. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula posadarum]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula presbys]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula psittacina]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula psyche]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula pubescens]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula pusilla]]'' (SE. Mexico to C. America) *''[[Dracula radiella]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula radiosa]]'' (E. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula rezekiana]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula ripleyana]]'' (Costa Rica). *''[[Dracula robledorum]]'' (Colombia) *''[[Dracula roezlii]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula saulii]]'' (Peru). *''[[Dracula schudelii]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula sergioi]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula severa]]'' (NW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula sibundoyensis]]'' (SW. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula sijmii]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula simia]]'' (SE. Ecuador). [[Image:Draculasodiroi.web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dracula sodiroi'']] *''[[Dracula sodiroi]]'' (Ecuador). **''Dracula sodiroi'' subsp. ''erythrocodon'' (Ecuador). Hemicr. **''Dracula sodiroi'' subsp. ''sodiroi'' (Ecuador). Hemicr. *''[[Dracula syndactyla]]'' (SW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula terborchii]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula trichroma]]'' (W. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula trinympharum]]'' (NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula tsubotae]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula tubeana]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula ubangina]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula vampira]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula veliziana]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula velutina]]'' (NW. Colombia). *''[[Dracula venefica]]'' (W. Colombia. *''[[Dracula venosa]]'' (W. Colombia to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula verticulosa]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula vespertilio]]'' (Nicaragua to NW. Ecuador). *''[[Dracula villegasii]]'' (Colombia). *''[[Dracula vinacea]]'' (NE. Colombia). *''[[Dracula vlad-tepes]]'' (NE. Colombia). *''[[Dracula wallisii]]'' (W. Colombia). *''[[Dracula woolwardiae]]'' (Ecuador). *''[[Dracula xenos]]'' (Colombia). ==Hybrids== *''Dracula × anicula'' (''D. cutis-bufonis'' × ''D. wallisii'') (Colombia). *''Dracula × radiosyndactyla'' (''D. radiosa'' × ''D. syndactyla'') (SW. Colombia). == Footnote == <!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php --> {{reflist}} ==References== *Luer, Carlyle A. 1978: ''Dracula'', a New Genus in the Pleurothallidinae. Selbyana 2: 190-198. *Luer, Carlyle A. 1993: Icones Pleurothallidinarum X - Systematics of ''Dracula''. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 46. *[http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/plants_and_algae/Dracula_vampira/more_info.html Arkive : Dracula vampira] ==External links== {{commons|Dracula (Orchidaceae)|Dracula}} * [http://www.draculaspecies.com ''Dracula'' Species Database] * [http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/Taxa/Spermatophyta/Dracula.html www.peripatus.gen.nz] [[Category:Flowers]] [[Category:Orchid genera]] [[Category:Dracula]] [[es:Dracula (orquídea)]] [[fr:Dracula (plante)]] [[lt:Drakula (orchidėja)]] [[pt:Dracula]]