Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger 841396 223608491 2008-07-04T21:28:40Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other [[Image:Krapina - Dragutin Gorjanovic Kramberger.jpg|thumb|Dragutin Gorjanović Kramberger]] [[Image:Krapina - Hruskovo 01.jpg|thumb]] [[Image:Krapina - Hruskovo 02.jpg|thumb]] '''Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger''' was a [[Croatia]]n [[geologist]], [[paleontologist]] and [[archeologist]]. He was born on [[October 25]], [[1856]] in [[Zagreb]], where he died on [[December 24]], [[1936]]. ==Education== Dragutin finished the elementary [[education]] in Zagreb. He started studying [[paleontology]] in [[Zürich]], [[Switzerland]]. Soon, he moved to [[München]], where his lecturer was world-renowned expert in the areas of [[anatomy]] and [[paleontology]] [[Karl Zittel]]. He received a doctoral degree in 1879, ([[Tübingen]], [[Germany]]), with the work related to the fossilized fishes. From 1880, his duty was that of the [[curator]] at the Mineralogical Department of the [[Croatian National Museum]] and, in collaboration with his superior, the famous [[archaeologist]] [[Djuro Pilar]], he started mapping Mount ''[[Medvednica]]'', (medvjed = bear, in [[Croatian language|Croatian]]), a mountain just north of Zagreb. In 1890 he changed his [[family name]] into -- Gorjanović. ==Lecturing== His lecturing started in 1883 with the paleontology of the [[vertebrates]] at the ''Faculty of Philosophy'' of the [[University of Zagreb]]. With the [[year]] 1884 he was appointed [[assistant]], associate and finally full professor it 1896. In 1893 he became head of the Geological-Paleontological Department of the [[Croatian National Museum]] in 1893 and was engaged in [[paleontology]], [[stratigraphy]], [[tectonics]], [[paleoclimatology]], and also in applied [[geology]], geological mapping and [[hydrography]]. Gorjanović-Kramberger discovered, described, classified, systemized, aged and determined environments for numerous new species of fossilized fishes. Already as the young scientist at the end of 19th century, he published more than fifty works in prestigious [[Europe]]an scientific journals. ==Krapina== In 1899 on '''[[Hušnjak hill]]''', near the town of [[Krapina]] in [[Croatia]], he discovered a very rich '''[[Neandertal]]''' site of an early man today known as '''[[Krapina man]]''' (''Krapinski pračovjek'')[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html]. News of the important [[Discovery (observation)|discovery]] quickly spread all around [[Europe]] and beyond while he kept carrying out extensive scientific research of osteological human material, [[Fauna (animals)|fauna]], ecological conditions, life and culture of people once living here. While analyzing founds, he noticed unusually big variations among the bones. With time he realized that evolution, not bone disease, as mainstream science claimed, was the source of variability which created human individuals of different stature. The greatest scientific contribution of his is the analysis and interpretation of [[fossil]] remains, which proved the existence of "early humans" whom he correctly predicted and called -- ('''Homo primigenius'''). The same preceded the present day people in the course of evolution. Contribution of Gorjanović-Kramberger is not seen only in terms of a scientific result proving the '''[[evolution]]''' of human species but also in terms of the impact his theories and evolution in general have had on the social view of the world. To confirm his conclusion further, he started the study of skeletons relating to modern humans. Inevitably, he invented new scientific [[wikt:technique|techniques]] as analysis of the [[fluorine]] in bones to calculate age. Newly discovered [[X-rays]] were used by him for the first time upon their discovery in 1895 to analyze the inner bone [[structure]]. Soon, leading experts in the area of [[anthropology]], [[anatomy]] and related sciences started to show interest. Results of the research related to Krapina could be found in the [[monograph]] '''O diluvijalnom čovjeku iz Krapine''', (Der Diluviale Mensch von Krapina in Kroatien - On the diluvial man of Krapina), which was published in [[Wiesbaden]] in 1906. The publication was the most comprehensive work ever written in the area of the paleontology of the man. ==Works== In 1909, he founded the ''Geological Commission for Croatia and [[Slavonia]]'' with the goal to carry out geological mapping and research in [[pedology (soil study)|pedology]]. In 1911 the news was scientific journal ''Vijesti geološkog povjerenstva'', ([[Geology]] related news). That development within the scientific institution and in public enabled ''Croatian geological service'' to become independent from the ''Geological Institute'' in [[Budapest]], ([[Hungary]]) and in the time to become the present day '''Hrvatski geološki institut - Croatian Geological Survey''' in Zagreb. During his career he published more than 230 papers in Croatian and international journals. He made a couple of geological maps. He was honorary doctor of the University of Zagreb, member of the Association of Medical Doctors and Croatian Natural Sciences Association, an honorary citizen of Zagreb, [[Karlovac]] and Krapina. Gorjanović-Kramberger was member to nine foreign scientific associations. As very young, from 1891, he was an associate and from 1909 the full member of the then [[Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts]]. Though retiring, Gorjanović-Kramberger remained active. Between years 1899 and 1929 he published 53 works related to discoveries related to the famous '''Krapina''' site. == See also == * [[List of fossil sites]] ''(with link directory)'' * [[List of hominina fossils|List of hominina (hominid) fossils]] ''(with images)'' ==External links== *[http://www.krapina.com/neandertals/index_en.htm Krapina Early Man] *[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/krapina.html Krapina Cave] *[http://www.archaeology.net/prehistory/stone.html Archaeology] {{DEFAULTSORT:Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Dragutin}} [[Category:1856 births]] [[Category:1936 deaths]] [[Category:Geologists]] [[Category:Croatian paleontologists]] [[Category:Croatian archaeologists]] [[Category:Members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]] [[fr:Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]] [[hr:Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]] [[sh:Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]]