Drosophilidae
1408022
225584832
2008-07-14T12:42:56Z
Mark-mitchell-aldershot
3401544
{{Taxobox | name = Drosophilidae
| image = Drosophila melanogaster - side (aka).jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| subphylum = [[Hexapoda]]
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| subclassis = [[Pterygota]]
| infraclassis = [[Neoptera]]
| superordo = [[Endopterygota]]|
| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]]
| suborder= [[Brachycera]]
| superfamilia = [[Ephydroidea]]
| familia = '''Drosophilidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamily
| subdivision = [[Drosophilinae]]
[[Steganinae]]
}}
{{Wikispecies}}
'''Drosophilidae''' is a diverse, [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] [[family (biology)|family]] of [[fly|flies]], including the [[genus]] ''[[Drosophila]]'', which includes fruit flies, [[vinegar]] [[fly|flies]], [[wine]] flies, [[pomace]] flies, [[grape]] flies, and picked fruit-flies. The best known species is ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' that is used extensively for studies concerning [[genetics]], development, [[physiology]], [[ecology]], [[behaviour]], etc. The fruit fly is mostly composed of post-mitotic cells, has a very short lifespan, and shows gradual aging. Like in other species, temperature influences the life history of the animal. Several genes have been identified whose manipulation extends the lifespan of these animals.
== Use as pet food ==
Drosophilidae are often used as food sources for kept [[pets]], including [[fish]], [[amphibians]] and [[reptiles]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.exotic-pets.eu/fruit-flies.php
| title = Fruit Flies - Drosophila hydei
| accessdate = 2007-10-19
| publisher = Exotic-Pets.eu
| quote = Fruit flies (''Drosophila hydei'') make excellent live food for smaller species of exotic pets. They are ideal food for anything from small invertebrates (mantids in particular go crazy for them) to small frogs such as dart frogs and mantellas.
}}</ref>
== Economic significance ==
Generally, drosophilids are considered nuisance flies. ''Zaprionus indianus'' Gupta is unusual among Drosophilidae species in being a serious, primary pest of at least one commercial fruit, [[fig]]s in Brazil.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/zaprionusindianus.html
| title = Pest Alerts - Zaprionus indianus Gupta, DPI
| accessdate = 2007-10-19
| publisher = Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
| quote = This fly is further unusual among species of the family Drosophilidae in being a serious, primary pest of at least one commercial fruit, figs in Brazil.
}}</ref> ''Drosophila repleta'' larvae inhabit drains and spread bacteria.
== Diagnosis ==
Recent versions of the diagnostic characteristics can be found in "''Drosophila'': A Guide to Species Identification and Use" by Therese A. Markow and Patrick O'Grady, (Academic Press, 2005) ISBN: 0124730523 or "''Drosophila'': A Laboratory Handbook" by [[Michael Ashburner|M. Ashburner]], K. Golic, S. Hawley, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2005).
== Phylogeny ==
The knowledge of the [[phylogeny]] of this family is incomplete. The family is subdivided in two subfamilies, the [[Drosophilinae]] and the [[Steganinae]]. The two subfamilies do not contain a single morphological character that distinguishes them. However, the combination of characterists is sufficient to assign species correctly to the subfamilies.
Most [[molecular phylogeny]] studies focus on the [[genus]] ''[[Drosophila]]'' and related genera. Currently, there is no overview of the more than 100 articles using molecular techniques to reconstruct the phylogeny.
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:sa_fruitfly3.jpg | Close-up of fruit fly proboscis
Image:sa_fruitfly4.jpg | Front view
Image:fruit_fly5.jpg
image:drosophilidae compound eye .jpg | Drosophilidae compound eye
</gallery>
== External links ==
* [http://diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=15 Diptera.info photo gallery]
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Drosophilidae| ]]
[[Category:Flies]]
[[de:Taufliegen]]
[[et:Kõdukärblased]]
[[es:Drosophilidae]]
[[fr:Drosophilidae]]
[[ko:초파리과]]
[[lt:Vaisinės muselės]]
[[ja:ショウジョウバエ]]
[[no:Fruktfluer]]
[[pl:Wywilżankowate]]
[[pt:Drosophilidae]]
[[fi:Mahlakärpäset]]