Dulwich 93979 225636371 2008-07-14T17:47:46Z 87.194.44.43 /* Houses */ :''This article is about Dulwich in London. [[Dulwich, South Australia]] is a suburb of [[Adelaide]].'' {{infobox UK place| |country = England |map_type = Greater London |region= London |population= |official_name= Dulwich |latitude= 51.4457 |longitude= -0.0779 |london_borough= Southwark |constituency_westminster= [[Dulwich and West Norwood (UK Parliament constituency)|Dulwich and West Norwood]] |post_town= LONDON |postcode_area=SE |postcode_district=SE21 |dial_code= 020 |os_grid_reference= TQ345725 |static_image=[[Image:Finger Signpost dulwich.jpg|250px]] |static_image_caption=Dulwich village signpost }} '''Dulwich''' ({{pronEng|ˈdʌlɪtʃ}} or {{IPA|/ˈdʌlɪdʒ/}}) is a settlement mostly in the [[London Borough of Southwark]] with parts in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]]. Dulwich, [[West Dulwich]] and [[East Dulwich]] covers a fertile valley in between the neighbouring districts of [[Camberwell]], [[Crystal Palace, London|Crystal Palace]], [[Denmark Hill]], [[Forest Hill, London|Forest Hill]], [[Gipsy Hill]], [[Herne Hill]], [[Honor Oak]], [[Peckham]], [[Sydenham Hill]], [[Tulse Hill]] and [[West Norwood]]. Dulwich was in [[Surrey]] until 1889 when the [[County of London]] was created. Dulwich is also known as the location of the [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]] and [[Dulwich College]]. ==History== The first documented evidence of Dulwich is as a hamlet outside London in 967AD, granted by King [[Edgar I of England|Edgar]] to one of his thanes Earl Aelfheah. The name of Dulwich has been spelt in various ways, Dilwihs, Dylways, Dullag, and may come from two old English words, [[Dill]], a white flower, and wihs, meaning a damp meadow, giving a meaning of 'the meadow where dill grows'. [[Harold Godwinson]] owned the land at one point, and after 1066, King [[William I of England]]. In 1333, the population of Dulwich was recorded as 100. In 1538, [[Henry VIII]] seized control of Dulwich and sold it to goldsmith Thomas Calton for £609. The [[Elizabethan]] actor [[Edward Alleyn]] constructed a school and [[alms house]]s in Dulwich after his religious enlightenment, with many of the buildings carrying names that show this (eg. Dulwich College of God's Gift). The school was founded in 1619. Alleyn bought the Dulwich estate from Calton's grandson Sir Francis Calton for £4,900 in 1605. [[Image:058443 3d54574f.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dulwich College]]]] The original alms houses and school were also attached to a new chapel, now the Edward Alleyn Chapel where Alleyn is buried. The school was moved to a new building around 1840 to accommodate larger numbers of pupils. This building is no longer used for the school, instead now housing the Estate's Governors. The school moved to larger premises on Dulwich Common and renamed New College in 1870, the new buildings having been designed by [[Charles Barry (junior)]], son of [[Sir Charles Barry]] who designed [[Westminster Palace]] seat of the [[United Kingdom Parliament]]. It was subsequently divided into [[Dulwich College]] and [[Alleyn's School]] in 1882, the latter moving to the present day site in Townley Road. In the 1600s, King [[Charles I of England]] visited [[Dulwich Wood]]s on a regular basis to hunt. In 1738, a man named Samuel Bentyman was murdered in Dulwich Woods.<ref name="British History">{{cite book |author=Edward Walford |title=Old and New London |volume=6 |year=1878 |chapter=Chapter XXII 'Peckham and Dulwich' |chapterurl=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45282 |pages=pp 286-303 |publisher=British History Online |accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> On August 5th 1677 [[John Evelyn]] writes that he took the waters at Dulwich. The Dulwich waters were cried about the streets of London as far back as 1678. In 1739, Mr. Cox, master of the Green Man, a [[tavern]] situated about a mile south of the village of Dulwich, sunk a well for his family. The water was found to be possessed of [[purgative]] qualities, and was for some time used medicinally. While the water was popular much custom was drawn to the adjoining tavern, and it's proprietor flourished<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45282 'Peckham and Dulwich', Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878), pp. 286-303.]</ref>. The oak-lined formal avenue, known as Cox's Walk, leading from the junction of [[Dulwich Common]] and [[Lordship Lane (Dulwich)|Lordship Lane]] was cut in the 1740s by Francis Cox to connect his establishment of the Green Man Tavern and Dulwich Wells with the more popular [[Sydenham Wells Park|Sydenham Wells]]<ref>From the Nun's Head to the Screaming Alice by Mathew Frith, The Friends of the Great North Wood, 1995</ref>. [[Image:Grove Tavern, Dulwich.jpg|thumb|right| The Grove Tavern now a [[pub]], located on the busy [[South Circular]] road.]] By 1815 the Green Man had become a school known as [[William Glennie|Dr. Glennie]]'s academy in Dulwich Grove, although it was demolished about ten years later. Among the pupils here there were a few who became well known, [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Lord Byron]], [[John Le Marchant (British Army cavalry officer)|General Le Marchant]] and [[Captain Barclay]]. Dr Glennie, held Saturday evening concerts which attracted visitors from outside the family circle, such as the poet [[Thomas Campbell]] then living in nearby [[Sydenham]] and [[Robert Barker (painter)|Robert Barker]] inventor of the panorama. After the school closed a surviving part of the building became a pub, licensed to someone called Bew. In 1863 it was rebuilt and called The Grove Tavern, it was rebuilt again in 1923.<ref>[http://forum.sydenham.org.uk/viewtopic.php?p=7853&sid=8faf0359cbd52cd273b14238ec83e0ef Sydenham Town Forum] Topic: Bews Corner, Forest Hill</ref> [[Image:Dulwich Picture Gallery exterior.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dulwich Picture Gallery]]]] In 1803, Samuel Matthews - known as the 'Dulwich Hermit' - was also murdered in Dulwich Woods; he was buried in Dulwich Old Cemetery.<ref name="British History" /> 1811-1814 saw the building of the [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]]. By 1901, the population was recorded as 10,247. ==Today== [[Image:Dulwich village houses old.jpg|right|thumb|An old house in Dulwich village]] There are number of recognised districts in Dulwich including: *North Dulwich which borders [[Herne Hill]] *(South) Dulwich Village which includes the traditional village centre *[[East Dulwich]] which bounds [[Peckham]] *[[West Dulwich]] which is a mainly residential area in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]], bordering [[West Norwood]] and [[Tulse Hill]]. Dulwich Village contains the original shopping street and still contains nearly all of its original 18th and 19th century buildings. It remains very uncommercialised and is a conservation zone. The village borders on [[Dulwich Park]], where the Dulwich Horse and Motor Show is held every year (it was here that the new Toyota Corolla made its first UK appearance at a motor show in 1997). [[Image:Dulwich village houses modern.jpg|thumb|right|Modern housing in Dulwich village]] Dulwich is also home to [[Dulwich Hamlet F.C.|Dulwich Hamlet]], an amateur football club set up in 1893 and still competing in the Isthmian League today. The [[Old Alleynian|Old Alleynian Football Club]] is a local [[rugby union]] team originally for leavers of [[Dulwich College]], but now is open to all who wish to play. Due to [[East Dulwich railway station]] and [[West Dulwich railway station]] being on separate train routes and there not being a single bus route to connect the two centres, the communities in each despite both bordering the [[Dulwich Village]] tend to shop in their own respective areas or beyond on their own side of [[Dulwich]]. Although it is fair to say that because of the increasing number of bars, shops and restaurants on [[Lordship Lane]], [[East Dulwich]] those in [[West Dulwich]] are now perhaps more familiar with their near neighbours. ==Local landmarks== [[Image:203767 e67d4528.jpg|thumb|left|Dulwich Park]] [[Dulwich Park]] was opened in 1890. It was formerly farmland and now offers duck and rowing ponds, children's play area, bowling green, tennis court, bridle path for horse-riding, and cafe. Dulwich Hospital in [[East Dulwich]] Grove was designed by Henry Jarvis and built on seven acres of land purchased in [[East Dulwich]] by the Guardians of the Poor of the Parish of St Saviour, Southwark, for the price of £50,000 in 1885.<ref>[http://www.dulwichcommunityhospital.nhs.uk/index.php?PID=0000000240 Dulwich hospital history]</ref> At the time of opening in 1887, it offered a 723 bed capacity. It was transformed from an infirmary into the Southwark Military Hospital during World War I, when it is estimated 14,000-15,000 wounded soldiers were treated at the hospital. After the Poor Law was abolished in 1930, the Southwark Union Infirmary was renamed Dulwich Hospital and the following year an operating theatre was built. In 1964, the hospital was aligned with King's College Hospital on Denmark Hill. There is no casualty department at Dulwich at present. There is a memorial fountain in Dulwich Village which is in remembrance to Dr George Webster, founder of the first [[British Medical Association]] (BMA), who worked in Dulwich from 1815 until his death in 1875. Old Burial Ground, Dulwich Village. The small ground was created by [[Edward Alleyn]] as part of the foundation of his College of God's Gift. The [[George Abbot (Archbishop of Canterbury)]] conducted the consecration on Sunday 1st September 1616.<ref>[http://www.southlondonguide.co.uk/dulwichvillage/history.htm Dulwich village history]</ref> Guests included [[Edmund Bowyer]], [[Thomas Grimes]], [[William Gresham]], [[Thomas Hunt]] and [[Jeremiah Turner]]. Thirty five Dulwich victims of the plague were buried in unmarked graves in the ground. Old Bridget, queen of the [[Norwood]] Gypsies (who appeared in the writings of [[Samuel Pepys]]) was also buried here in 1768. The ground was declared 'full' in 1858, however the family of Louisa Shroeder obtained special permission for her remains to be interred in 1868. The ground's wrought iron gates and twelve tombs are Grade II listed. The old Grammar School adjacent to the Old College and Almshouses at the junction of Burbage Road and Gallery Road was designed by [[Charles Barry]](senior). ===Houses=== [[Belair House]] (which has now been renamed Beauberry House) in [[West Dulwich]] opposite [[West Dulwich railway station]] was designed in 1785 for John Files. It remained a private house until 1938 when it came into the hands of Southwark Council. It fell into disrepair in the 1990s but was bought in 1998 and refurbished and turned into an upmarket restaurant. The house has a large park ground attached which is now public, including tennis courts and a children's play area. This area used to be the fields for its farm. The lake is the only substantial stretch of the ancient [[River Effra]] remaining above ground.<ref>[http://www.southwark.gov.uk/YourCommunity/Dulwich/dulwichgreenspaces.html Dulwich Green Spaces]</ref> Bell House in College Road was designed in 1787 for Thomas Wright, a stationer and later [[Lord Mayor of the City of London]]. It became a [[Dulwich College]] boarding house and only returned to private ownership in 1993. A large extension was added in the mid-19th century and it is accompanied by a lodge house, now let as a two bedroom house. The house is Grade II listed and even the wall dividing the garden is listed as well. Its name comes from its Bell Tower situated on top of the original house although the bell no longer functions. Crown & Greyhound public house is in Dulwich Village. In the 1800s, two separate pubs stood in this area - the centre of Dulwich Village. The Crown - on the present site of the C&G - was for the labourers of the area, while the Greyhound across the road, was for local gentry. The Greyhound was a coach stop on the London Picadilly-Sittingborne line. Author [[Charles Dickens]] was a regular visitor to Dulwich Village in the 1800s and used to drink at The Greyhound pub. The current pub, known by locals as 'The Dog', is a Grade II listed building with garden at the back and a reception suite upstairs available for functions. The pub serves food as well as alcohol. ===Churches=== [[All Saints Church, West Dulwich]] (Church of England)on Rosendale Rd [[West Dulwich]] is a Victorian [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] building, originally intended to be the cathedral for [[south London]]. The church was built between 1888 and 1897 and designed by [[George Fellowes Prynne]], a pupil of [[George Edmund Street]]. Although plans were scaled down it was still a huge building and is a Grade I listed building. Unfortunately it was gutted by a huge fire on [[9 June]] [[2000]], the cause remains unknown.<ref>[http://www.sandybrown.com/webprojects/detail2.php?ID=318 All Saints Church]</ref> The building reopened in April 2006 after a three-year restoration project. St Barnabas Church (Church of England) lies on Calton Avenue at the edge of [[Dulwich Village]]. The old church was designed by W H Wood of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and consecrated in 1894. However the original church burnt down in an arson attack by unknown persons on Monday 7th December 1992.<ref>[http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/southwark/dulwich/st-barnabas.htm St Barnabas]</ref> The 'Phoenix appeal' raised money for the building of a new church. In 1996 the new church, designed by Larry Malcic, was opened and now its all glass spire dominates the Dulwich skyline. ==Transport== [[Image:College-Road-Dulwich-London-SE21-Tollgate.JPG|thumb|right|The tollgate on College Road, Dulwich, London SE21 - a slice of medieval life still very much 'alive and kicking' in south London.]] [[Image:Paying-the-toll-College-Road-London-SE21.jpg|thumb|right|Paying the toll at the College Road, Dulwich, London SE21 tollgate, which dates back to 1789.]] [[Image:Table-of-tolls-College-Road-London-SE21-Tollgate.jpg|thumb|right|A table of tolls in pre-decimal currency for the College Road, Dulwich, London SE21 tollgate.]] Dulwich sits astride the [[A205 road|South Circular (A205)]], one of London's Ring Roads. Also passing through the area is the [[A2199 road|A2199]] and College Road, which features a working [[Toll Road|tollgate]] dating back to [[1789]]. [[West Dulwich railway station]] is about 12 minutes train ride from [[London Victoria]] and there are morning trains to London Blackfriars, East Dulwich is 12 minutes from [[London Bridge]] and North Dulwich is 14 minutes from London Bridge. The nearest stations are in: [[Denmark Hill railway station|Denmark Hill]], [[East Dulwich railway station|East Dulwich]], [[West Dulwich railway station|West Dulwich]], [[North Dulwich railway station|North Dulwich]], [[Gipsy Hill railway station|Gypsy Hill]], [[Herne Hill railway station|Herne Hill]], [[Peckham Rye railway station|Peckham Rye]], [[Sydenham Hill railway station|Sydenham Hill]] and [[Tulse Hill railway station|Tulse Hill]]. Dulwich is served by [[London Buses]] routes [[London Buses route 3|3]], [[London Buses route P4|P4]], [[London Buses route 12|12]], [[London Buses route P13|P13]], [[London Buses route 37|37]], [[London Buses route 40|40]], [[London Buses route 115|115]], [[London Buses route 176|176]], [[London Buses route 185|185]] and [[London buses route 484|484]]. ==Famous residents== Famous people born there include: the author, [[Enid Blyton]] in 1897; the first compiler of the [[London A-Z]], [[Phyllis Pearsall]] in East Dulwich in 1906, she went on to live in Dulwich Village; the war-time singer [[Anne Shelton]] in 1923 (or 1928?) and who lived on Court Lane until shortly before her death in 1994; TV personality [[Sue Perkins]] in 1969; footballer [[Trevor Sinclair]] in 1973; and [[Su-Elise Nash]], former pop singer with [[Mis-teeq]] in 1981. In 1980 [[Bon Scott]], the lead singer of [[AC/DC]], after a night's heavy drinking, was found lifeless in a car outside 67 Overhill Road, East Dulwich. He was rushed to hospital but was dead on arrival at King's College Hospital. [[Jo Brand]], the comedian, owns a house in Dulwich Village. [[James Nesbitt]], the actor, lives in East Dulwich. [[Margaret Thatcher]] bought a house in a "gated community" in Dulwich after her time as Prime Minister. ==Bibliography== * Boast, Mary (London Borough of Southwark, 1975) ''The Story of Dulwich'' * Darby, William (1966) ''Dulwich Discovered'' * Darby, William (Darby; Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1967) ''Dulwich: A Place in History'' * Darby, Patrick (Dulwich Society, 2000) ''The houses in-between: A history of the houses on the north side of Dulwich Common, between College Road and Gallery Road '' * Dyos, HJ (Univ of Leicester, 1962) ''Victorian Suburb'' * Galer, Allan Maxley (Truslove and Shipley, 1905) ''Norwood & Dulwich'' * Green, Brian (Dulwich Society, 1995) ''Dulwich, the Home Front, 1939-1945'' * Green, Brian (Quotes Ltd, 1988) ''Victorian & Edwardian Dulwich '' * Green, Brian (2002) ''Dulwich: A History '' * Hall, Edwin T (Bickers, 1917) ''Dulwich History and Romance AD 967-1916'' * Powell, Kenneth (Merrell Publishers Ltd, 2004) ''City Reborn: Architecture and Regeneration in London, from Bankside to Dulwich'' * Tames, Richard (Historical Publication Ltd, 1997) ''Dulwich & Camberwell Past: With Peckham'' ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat|Dulwich}} *[http://www.dulwichparkfriends.org.uk/photos.php Dulwich Park Friends photos] *[http://www.dulwich.co.uk/ Dulwich community website including history] *[http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/southwark/main/images-dulwich.htm Images of old Dulwich] *[http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/ Dulwich Picture Gallery] *[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45282 History of Peckham & Dulwich] *[http://domain1301316.sites.fasthosts.com/welcome.asp Dulwich Festival] *[http://www.flyingbombsandrockets.com/web_content_dulwich.html World War II damage log sheet for Dulwich] *[http://www.southwark.gov.uk/DiscoverSouthwark/HistoricSouthwark/HistoricVillagesSection/HistDulwichHistory.html Southwark council's history of Dulwich] *[http://southwark.anglican.org/census/ws4.htm Census data] {{LB Southwark}} [[Category:Neighbourhoods of Southwark]] [[Category:Districts of London]] [[hi:डलिच]] [[nl:Dulwich]]