Dysderidae 338804 217591755 2008-06-06T18:50:05Z Hydro2 1751584 /* External links */ +it: {{Taxobox | image = Dysdera fg01.jpg | image_caption = female ''Dysdera erythrina'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Arachnida]] | ordo = [[Araneae]] | superfamilia = [[Dysderoidea]] | familia = '''Dysderidae''' | familia_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Koch|C. L. Koch]], 1837 | diversity_link = List of Dysderidae species | diversity = 24 genera, 481 species | range_map = Distribution.dysderidae.1.png | range_map_width = 250px | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }} The family '''Dysderidae''' (''woodlouse hunters'', ''sowbug-eating spiders'' or ''cell spiders'') are [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s found primarily in [[Eurasia]], although extending into [[North Africa]], with very few species occurring in South America, and one (''[[Dysdera crocata]]'') introduced into many regions of the world. Dysderids have six eyes, and are [[haplogyne]], i.e. the females lack a [[Sclerosis|sclerotized]] [[epigynum]]. There is a substantial number of genera, but two of them, ''Dysdera'' and ''Harpactea'', account for a very large number of the species and are widespread across the family's range. One species, ''Dysdera crocata'' (the woodlouse hunter), has been transported over much of the planet together with its preferred foods - [[woodlouse|woodlice]]. ''Dysdera'' also feeds on [[beetle]]s. These spiders have very large [[chelicerae]], which they use to pierce the armored bodies of woodlice and beetles. There are also some reports that they have a mildly toxic [[Venom (poison)|venom]] that can cause local reactions in humans; with their huge fangs there is little doubt that they could bite if threatened, but the venom has not been well studied. It is probably wise not to handle these spiders. The spiders have their six eyes arranged in a semicircle like [[Segestriidae|segestrids]], but have only the first two pairs of legs produced forward. ''Dysdera crocata'' has a characteristic coloring, which can only be confused with spiders in the [[corinnidae|corinnid]] genera ''[[Trachelas]]'' and ''[[Meriola]]'': the carapace is dull red-brown and the abdomen gray or tan. The "two-tone" look, with the [[abdomen]] much lighter than the [[cephalothorax]], is quite striking. These rather large, burly-looking, slow-moving spiders are often seen in Autumn (fall) in basements and other cool areas of homes; presumably they are looking for a winter shelter. ==Genera== The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan's [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Dysderidae.txt Biology Catalog]. * [[Dysderinae]] C. L. Koch, 1837 :* ''[[Cryptoparachtes]]'' Dunin, 1992 (Georgia, Azerbaijan) :* ''[[Dysdera]]'' Latreille, 1804 (worldwide) :* ''[[Dysderella]]'' Dunin, 1992 (Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan)) :* ''[[Dysderocrates]]'' Deeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman, 1988 (Balkans) :* ''[[Harpactocrates]]'' Simon, 1914 (Europe) :* ''[[Hygrocrates]]'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 (Georgia, Turkey) :* ''[[Parachtes]]'' Alicata, 1964 (Southern Europe) :* ''[[Rhodera]]'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989 (Crete) :* ''[[Stalitochara]]'' Simon, 1913 (Algeria) :* ''[[Tedia]]'' Simon, 1882 (Israel, Syria) * [[Harpacteinae]] :* ''[[Dasumia]]'' Thorell, 1875 (Europe, Middle East) :* ''[[Folkia]]'' Kratochvíl, 1970 (Balkans) :* ''[[Harpactea]]'' Bristowe, 1939 (Europe to Iran, Mediterranean) :* ''[[Holissus]]'' Simon, 1882 (Corsica) :* ''[[Kaemis]]'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993 (Italy) :* ''[[Minotauria]]'' Kulczyn'ski, 1903 (Crete) :* ''[[Sardostalita]]'' Gasparo, 1999 (Sardinia) :* ''[[Stalagtia]]'' Kratochvíl, 1970 (Balkans, Greece) * [[Rhodinae]] :* ''[[Mesostalita]]'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971 (Balkans, Italy) :* ''[[Parastalita]]'' Absolon & Kratochvíl, 1932 (Bosnia-Herzegovina) :* ''[[Rhode (spider)|Rhode]]'' Simon, 1882 (Mediterranean) :* ''[[Speleoharpactea]]'' Ribera, 1982 (Spain) :* ''[[Stalita]]'' Schiödte, 1847 (Balkans) :* ''[[Stalitella]]'' Absolon & Kratochvíl, 1932 (Balkans) * ''[[incertae sedis]]'' :* ''[[Thereola]]'' Petrunkevitch, 1955 † (fossil, [[oligocene]]) ::* ''[[Thereola petiolata]]'' (Koch & Berendt, 1854) † ==See also== * [[List of Dysderidae species]] * [[Spider families]] ==References== * {{aut|Platnick, Norman I.}} (2008): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html The world spider catalog], version 8.5. ''American Museum of Natural History''. ==External links== {{wikispecies|Dysderidae}} {{commonscat|Dysderidae}} {{Araneae}} [[Category:Dysderidae|*]] [[ca:Disdèrid]] [[de:Sechsaugenspinnen]] [[es:Dysderidae]] [[fr:Dysderidae]] [[it:Dysderidae]] [[lt:Ratavoriai]]