Dysprosium(III) chloride
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{{Chembox new
| Name = Dysprosium(III) chloride
| ImageFile = Dysprosium(III) chloride.jpg
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px -->
| ImageName = Dysprosium(III) chloride hexahydrate
| IUPACName = Dysprosium(III) chloride<br />Dysprosium trichloride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10025-74-8
| RTECS =
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = DyCl<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 268.86 g/mol (anhydrous)
| Appearance = white solid
| Density = 3.67 g/cm³, solid
| Solubility = Soluble
| MeltingPt = 647 °C (anhydrous)
| BoilingPt = 1530 °C
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = [[Octahedron|Octahedral]]
| CrystalStruct = [[Aluminium chloride#Structure|AlCl<sub>3</sub> structure]]
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS =
| EUClass = not listed
| FlashPt = non flammable
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Dysprosium(III) fluoride]]<br />[[Dysprosium(III) bromide]]<br />[[Dysprosium(III) iodide]]
| OtherCations = [[Terbium(III) chloride]]<br />[[Dysprosium(II) chloride]]<br />[[Holmium(III) chloride]]
}}
}}
'''Dysprosium(III) chloride''' (DyCl<sub>3</sub>), also known as '''dysprosium trichloride''', is a compound of [[dysprosium]] and [[chlorine]]. It is a white to yellow solid which rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a hexa[[hydrate]], DyCl<sub>3</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O. Simple rapid heating of the hydrate causes partial [[hydrolysis]]<ref name="Edel">F. T. Edelmann, P. Poremba, in: ''Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry'', (W. A. Herrmann, ed.), Vol. 6, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1997.</ref> to an oxychloride, DyOCl.
==Chemical properties==
Dysprosium(III) chloride is a moderately strong [[Lewis acid]], which ranks as "hard" according to the [[HSAB concept]]. Aqueous solutions of dysprosium chloride can be used to prepare insoluble dysprosium(III) compounds, for example [[dysprosium(III) fluoride]]:
:DyCl<sub>3</sub>([[aqueous|aq]]) + 3 [[sodium fluoride|NaF]]([[aqueous|aq]]) → [[dysprosium(III) fluoride|DyF<sub>3</sub>]]([[solid|s]]) + 3 [[sodium chloride|NaCl]]([[aqueous|aq]])
==Preparation==
Dysprosium(III) chloride can be prepared as a yellow aqueous solution by reaction of either dysprosium metal or [[dysprosium(III) carbonate]] and [[hydrochloric acid]].
:2 [[dysprosium|Dy]]([[solid|s]]) + 6 [[hydrochloric acid|HCl]]([[aqueous|aq]]) → 2 DyCl<sub>3</sub>([[aqueous|aq]]) + 3 [[hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]]([[gas|g]])
:[[dysprosium(III) carbonate|Dy<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]]([[solid|s]]) + 6 [[hydrochloric acid|HCl]]([[aqueous|aq]]) → 2 DyCl<sub>3</sub>([[aqueous|aq]]) + 3 [[carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]]([[gas|g]]) + 3 [[water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]([[liquid|l]])
[[Anhydrous]] DyCl<sub>3</sub> can be made by dehydration of the hydrate either by slowly heating to 400 °C with 4-6 equivalents of [[ammonium chloride]] under high vacuum.<ref name="Edel"/><ref>M. D. Taylor, P. C. Carter, ''J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.'' '''24''', 387 (1962); J. Kutscher, A. Schneider, ''Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.'' '''7''', 815 (1971).</ref> The anhydrous [[halide]] may alternatively be prepared from dysprosium metal and [[hydrogen chloride]]<ref>L. F. Druding, J. D. Corbett, ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' '''83''', 2462 (1961); J. D. Corbett, ''Rev. Chim. Minerale'' '''10''', 239 (1973).</ref>. It is usually purified by high temperature sublimation under high vacuum.<ref name="Edel"/>
==Uses==
Dysprosium(III) chloride can be used as a starting point for the preparation of other [[dysprosium]] [[salt]]s. Dysprosium metal is produced when a molten mixture of DyCl<sub>3</sub> in [[eutectic]] [[Lithium chloride|LiCl]]-[[Potassium chloride|KCl]] is [[Electrolysis|electrolysed]]. The reduction occurs via Dy<sup>2+</sup>, at a [[tungsten]] [[Electrode|cathode]].<ref>Y. Castrillejo, M. R. Bermejo, A. I. Barrado, R. Pardo, E. Barrado, A. M. Martinez, ''Electrochimica Acta'', '''50''', 2047-2057 (2005).</ref>
==Precautions==
[[Dysprosium]] compounds are believed to be of low to moderate [[toxicity]], although their toxicity has not been investigated in detail.
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Dysprosium compounds]]
[[Category:Chlorides]]
[[Category:Metal halides]]