Economy of Denmark
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Bornsommer
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/* Welfare state */ "from housing savings"
{{Refimprove|date=September 2007}}
{{Infobox Economy
|country = Denmark
|image =
|width = 150
|caption = Danish bills and coins
|currency = [[Danish krone]] (DKK, kr)
|year = calendar year
|organs = [[EU]], [[OSCE]], [[WTO]], [[OECD]] and others
|rank = 46
|gdp = $212.4 billion (2007 est.)
|growth = 1.8% (2007 est.)
|per capita = $39,200 (2007 est.)
|sectors = agriculture: 2.6%, industry: 25.6%, services: 71.8% (2006 est.)
|inflation = 1.7% (2007)2.3% (December 2007)<ref name="infl"/>
POPULATION IS 5,475,791
|poverty = N/A
|labor = 2.91 million (2006 est.)
|occupations = agriculture: 3%, industry: 21%, services: 76% (2004 est.)
|unemployment = 1.7% (May 2008)<ref name="unempl"/>3.1%(Dec. 2007) ([[Eurostat]])
|industries = [[petroleum]] and [[gas]], [[iron]], [[steel]], [[nonferrous metals]], [[chemicals]], [[food processing]], [[machinery]] and transportation equipment, [[textiles]] and [[clothing]], [[electronics]], [[construction]], [[furniture]] and other wood products, [[shipbuilding]] and refurbishment, [[windmills]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[medical equipment]]
|exports = $93.93 billion (2006 est.)
|export-goods = machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, fashion apparel, furniture, windmills, Christmas trees, potted plants, mink and fox skin, salt, various specialty niche products
|export-partners = [[Germany]] 16.8%, [[Sweden]] 14.2%, [[UK]] 9.0%, [[U.S.]] 6.7%, [[Norway]] 5.7% [[France]] 5.5%, [[Netherlands]] 5.3%, [[EU]] 69.6% (2006)
|imports = $89.32 billion (2006 est.)
|import-goods = machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
|import-partners = [[Germany]] 21.5%, [[Sweden]] 14.3%, [[Netherlands]] 6.5%, [[UK]] 5.8%, [[China]] 5.2%, [[Norway]] 4.6% [[France]] 4.2%, [[Italy]] 4.1%, [[EU]] 72.6% (2006)
|debt = 26.10% of GDP (2007 est.)
|revenue = $147 billion (2006 est.)
|expenses = $138.9 billion (2006 est.)
|aid = [[Official Development Assistance|ODA]], $2.13 billion (2005)
|cianame = da
|spelling={{{spelling}}}
}}
[[Denmark]] has a small, open, and flexible economy. The service sector makes up the vast amount of the employment and economy. Its industrialized market economy depends on imported raw materials and foreign trade. Within the [[European Union]], Denmark advocates a liberal trade policy. Its standard of living is average among the Western European countries<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf]Human Development Report 2007/2008</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index]List of countries by Human Development Index</ref> - and for many years the most equally distributed<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.fm.dk/visNyhed.asp?artikelID=9822]Finance Ministry:Income development and distribution in Denmark 1983-2005 (with PDF-file)</ref>as shown by the [[Gini coefficient]] - in the world, and the Danes devote 0.8% of [[Gross National Income]] (GNI) to foreign aid. It is a society based on [[consensus]] (dialogue and compromise) with the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions and the Confederation of Danish Employers in 1899 in ''Septemberforliget'' (The September Settlement) recognizing each others' right to organize and thus negotiate.<ref>[http://www.bm.dk/sw6490.asp Flexicurity]</ref>The employers' right to hire and fire their employees ''whenever'' they find it necessary is recognized.
Denmark is self-sufficient in energy - producing oil, natural gas, wind- and bio-energy. Its principal exports are machinery, instruments and food products. The U.S. is Denmark's largest non-European trading partner, accounting for around 5% of total Danish merchandise trade. Aircraft, computers, machinery, and instruments are among the major U.S. exports to Denmark. There are several hundred U.S.-owned companies in Denmark, some of them just registered for tax purposes, which is beneficial for holding companies. Among major Danish exports to the U.S. are industrial machinery, chemical products, furniture, pharmaceuticals, and canned ham and pork.
From 1982, a center-right government corrected accumulated economic imbalances, mainly [[inflation]] and balance-of-payments deficits, but lost power in 1993 to a [[Social democracy|Social Democratic]] coalition government led by [[Poul Nyrup Rasmussen]], which remained in office following the March 1998 election.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen_IV] Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen</ref> During the governments of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, there was a drastic fall in official unemployment, which peaked at 12.4% (1993)- and at 13.8% in January 1994 (386,186 persons) - was 5.2% in 2001 and is (May 2008) 1.7%. This is the lowest level since the beginning of the 1970s, making up 47,500 persons, 2,200<!--Unemployment statistics revised from 2000, holidaymakers on ''feriedagpenge''(benefits for unemployment fund members that are unemployed and on holiday) excluded-->fewer than April 2008 and a reduction by 72% - 122,400 persons, on average 2,300 per month - since December 2003, when 6.1% were unemployed.<ref name="unempl">{{da icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2008/NR277.pdf|title=Yderligere fald i ledigheden |publisher=Statistics Denmark}}statistikbanken.dk Tables aua01+auf01+02+aus01+02+aup03+01</ref> [[Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices|Inflation]] fell from 1.9% in 2006 to 1.7% in 2007 and was 2.3% in December 2007.<ref name="infl">{{da icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2008/NR015.pdf|title=Lidt lavere prisstigninger i 2007 end året før.|publisher=Statistics Denmark}}</ref>Average annual growth rates were less than 2% in 2007.<ref name="growth">{{da icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2008/NR081.pdf|title=Moderat vækst i BNP trods kraftig forbrugsvækst.|publisher=Statistics Denmark}}</ref> In November 2001, a center-right government led by [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]] won the election by introducing a moratorium on [[tax]] ''rates'' (''skattestop'') and thus avoiding an increase in the [[tax]] ''level'' (the world's highest<ref>[http://jp.dk/uknews/business/article1292920.ece]Denmark wins highest tax competition</ref>), improving efficiency in the public administration and decreasing the number of immigrants and asylumseekers.
== Welfare state ==
Denmark has a highly developed welfare safety net, which ensures that all Danes receive free health care and need not fear real poverty. More than one-quarter of the labor force is employed in the public sector. Thus around 60% of the adult population in Denmark is either dependent on transfer payments, i.e. entitlement benefits, or is employed by government at central, regional or local level (2005). In 2007, according to ''TV2 (Denmark)'', January, 2008, around 700,000 in the [[working age group]] were dependent on entitlement benefits, often lacking in working experience and/or skills. However, as of May 2008 only 1.7% (47,500) - a reduction by 2,200 from the previous month - of Danes are officially unemployed. Denmark has placed number one in the European pensions barometer survey for the past two years.<ref>[http://www.forsikringenshus.dk/upload/europeanpensionsbarometer2007.pdf]2007European Pensions Barometer.</ref>Remarkable is that the lowest-income group before retirement from the age of 65 receive 120% of their pre-retirement income in pension and miscellaneous subsidies.
The large public sector (38% of the entire workforce<ref>[http://www.dst.dk/Statistik/seneste/Arbejdsmarked/ATP.aspx]Beskæftigelsesindikator på grundlag af ATP-indbetalinger.</ref>) is financed by the world's highest taxes<ref>[http://jp.dk/uknews/business/article1292920.ece]Denmark wins highest tax competition</ref>. A [[Value added tax]] of 25% is levied on the sale of most goods and services (including groceries). The income tax in Denmark ranges from 42.9%<ref>[http://www.cepos.dk/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/ceposfiles/PDF/Sammensat_marginalskat_i_DK_8_okt.pdf]Sammensat marginalskat i DK</ref> to 63% progressively, levied on 4 out of 10 full-time employees<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/44/0,3343,en_33873108_33873309_40080044_1_1_1_1,00.html]OECD Economic survey of Denmark 2008</ref>. This means that 850,000 Danes (31% of everyone employed and 44% of all full-time employees) pay a marginal income tax of 63% and a combined marginal tax of 70.9% resulting in lower-than-average growth rates for the country and, among other, warnings from organisations such as the OECD <ref>[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/20/20211112.pdf]OECD Economic Outlook 82</ref>. ''TV2 (Denmark)'' reported, in April 2008, that abolishing the mid-level and top-level income tax brackets would amount to two (2) and one (1) percent of public sector revenue, respectively, which equals one and a half percent of GDP. The public sector as a whole had a budget surplus of 4.4 % of GDP in 2007, but, the tax cuts would increase private consumption and the labor shortage and thus result in a deficit on the [[trade balance]] and pressure to increase wages even further. Proceeds from selling one´s home (if there ''is'' any [[home equity]] (da: ''friværdi'')) is not taxed, as the marginal tax rate on capital income from housing savings is around 0 percent.<ref>[http://www.dors.dk/sw5855.asp Danish Economic Council Spring Report 2008 English Summary, p. 11]</ref>
Discussions on increasing the labor supply include abolishing a labor market arrangement called ''efterløn'' (eng.:early retirement pay)<ref>[http://www.ams.dk/sw7975.asp Employment ministry;early retirement pay]</ref>, at the present (end of 4th quarter 2007) with 143,448 participants (60 years until 64 years of age)<ref>Statistikbanken.dk/ab703 (2007Q4)</ref>. Shortening the time unemployment benefit can be received (four years at the present), as an example, is also discussed. The Danish Economic Council in its 2008 spring report (27 May)<ref>[http://www.dors.dk/sw5855.asp Economic Council, spring 2008 report. English Summary, p. 4]</ref>proposes limiting the ''dagpengeperiode'' to 2.5 years, which is still half a year more than at present in Sweden and Norway, said in an interview by the chairman (da: ''overvismand'') Peter Birch Sørensen 27 May 2008 on the TV program ''Deadline'' (10.30 pm), channel DR2, the Danish Broadcasting Corporation.
==Tax Burden and Employment==
===Tax burden===
With a [[GDP]] of 1,642,215 million DKK and revenue from taxes and ownership at 803,693 million DKK (2006)<ref>http://www.statistikbanken.dk tables NAT01 + OFF12</ref>, 49.07% of GDP, it is of extreme importance what happens in the tax-financed part of the economy. A new revision of statistics indicate that Denmark has had the world's highest tax burden from 2004, a position previously held by Sweden. Denmark's tax burden was 48.4% in 2007 against Sweden's 47.8%. This figure does not include income from ownership.<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Penge/2008/03/11/063106.htm?rss=true]Tax burden in first place</ref>
===Budgets===
The overall surpluses after operating and capital expenditure in the ''whole'' public sector for the years 2004-2008: (million DKK) 27,327;77,362;79,937;75,560('07:preliminary);69,140('08:estimate).<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2008/NR124.pdf]Fortsat store offentlige overskud (25 March 2008)</ref> The public sector debt-liabilities still outstanding 1 January 2008 in accordance with the [[Eurostat]] [[EMU]]-debt numbers (gross debt) are 440.9 billion DKK (26.0% of GDP). In spite of falling surpluses this debt should be paid by 2015. As of 2008 there is no ''net'' debt in the public sector as a whole but instead net assets of 43 billion DKK. The central government is determined to pay off the debt as fast as possible, avoiding the temptation to increase spending which would only overheat the economy (increase wages and eventually prices drastically) because of a short supply of skilled labor and in the end require financial austerity measures to cool off the economy. Reporting on the record low unemployment numbers of ''under'' 50,000 persons in April 2008 published 9.30 am 29 May by Statistics Denmark, ''TV2'' (Denmark), at 10 pm, with comments from [[Nordea|Nordea Bank´s]] (Denmark) chief economist Helge Pedersen, and ''DR2'' (Danish Broadcasting Corporation), at 10.30 pm stressed the danger of overheating the economy and keeping public sector spending in check or otherwise risk economical-political measures (austerity measures). Being surprised at how low unemployment was, the economist said (TV2) that compared with previous periods with such a low unemployment rate, a trade deficit was avoided mainly because of the oil export.
The EMU-debt was 730 billion DKK at the end of 1993, 80.1% of GDP.<ref>Statistikbanken.dk Tables edp3 and edp4</ref>During the four year period 2004-2007 the public sector EMU-debt fell from 43.8% (641.9 billion DKK) to 26.0% (440.9 billion DKK) of [[GDP]]. The budget surpluses were (in billion DKK) 1.9% (27.2), 5.0% (77.4), 4.8% (79.3), and 4.4% (74.6) of GDP, respectively <ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2008/NR140.pdf] EMU-debt and budgets 2004-07(3 April 2008)</ref>
===Employment===
Public sector employment (full-time and part-time) has been relatively steady at more than 800,000 a year this first decade, making up around 38% of total full-time (28% of full-time and part-time) employment<ref>Statistikbanken.dk Table BESK 11</ref>, whereas private sector employment has risen by over 300,000 since the 1990s to slightly over 2 million in 2007 (full-time and part-time).<ref>{{da icon}}Danske Bank:Nordisk/Skandinavisk økonomi, different editions.</ref>With the information based partly on payments to the ''[[Arbejdsmarkedets Tillægspension]]'' pension fund of ''all'' employees and insured but unemployed members of an unemployment fund in Denmark, full-time employment is calculated at over 2.3 million persons in the third quarter of 2007. The increase in the fourth quarter from a year ago in the number of employed persons was 1.0% and the amount of hours worked was 2.9% higher.<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2008/NR120.pdf Stadig flere præsterede arbejdstimer]Statistikbanken.dk Tables BESK 11+12+13</ref>Productivity increased at an average of 2.3% a year in [[2004]], [[2005]] and [[2006]], recently being revised upward from an average of just 0.9% and previously with a too high employment level estimated.<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.aeraadet.dk/media/filebank/org/produktivitetsvaekst.pdf Markant opjustering af dansk produktivitetsvækst (17. januar 2008)]</ref> The upward revision is good, because a high wage economy like Denmark's with very few valuable natural resources needs to be highly productive, or efficient, and innovative to compete with other countries for a market share in the global economy. However, according to OECD, the distortions imposed by a combined marginal tax wedge of 70% (60% income tax plus 25% VAT, not counting elevated excise duties on certain goods) are hurting productivity and in turn the country's competitiveness<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/44/0,3343,en_33873108_33873309_40080044_1_1_1_1,00.html]
OECD Economic Survey of Denmark 2008</ref>.
==Public Sector Reform==
{{main|Municipalities of Denmark|Regions of Denmark}}
To gain synergies through economies of scale (critical mass) (greater professional and financial sustainability) and big item discounts and to offer a wider array of services closer to the public (be a one-stop place of access to the public sector not unlike the [[unitary council]]s), it was deemed necessary to merge the municipalities and other administrative entities in the public sector. This would also help alleviate the financial problems of depopulation due to limited job opportunities, high unemployment and aging and make introduction of new information technology more affordable<ref>{{da icon}}http://www.dr.dk/mitdanmark/da/forside/ A TV series on the municipal reform.</ref> Mainly from [[1 January]] [[2007]], the new center-right government streamlined the public sector extensively by decreasing the number of administrative units drastically in the different tiers of government, i.e. in the number of city court circuits (from 82 to 24), police districts (from 54 to 12)<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/lovstof/politi-og-domstolsreform/nye-politi-og-retskredse/] New police districts and local court circuits with links to maps</ref>, tax districts (before 2007 the responsibility of the municipalities;after that part of the central government Ministry of Taxation), reshuffling tasks among the three government levels and abolished the [[Counties of Denmark|counties]] in [[Municipalities of Denmark#Municipal Reform 2007|''Kommunalreformen'' ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007)]], thereby reducing the number of local and regional politicians by almost half to 2,522 (municipal councillors) (council elections November 2005) (1978: 4,735;1998: 4,685; reduced somewhat in council elections November 2001 ([[Bornholm]])) and 205 (regional councillors) (1998: 374)<ref>{{da icon}}Den Store Danske Encyklopædi + Supplement 2, "kommunalvalg". Gyldendal. 1994 + 2006. ISBN 87-7789-045-0 and ISBN 87-0204-192-8 Councillors</ref> respectively. Before 1970 (a previous reform in effect from [[1 April]] that year) the number of councillors (both categories) was around 11,000<ref>{{da icon}}Ove Hansen: Sådan styres kommunen. AOF/Fremad. 1978. ISBN 87-7403-131-7 Number of councillors</ref>in around 1,000 parish municipalities (''sognekommuner''), being supervised by their county, and market city municipalities (''købstadskommuner''), the latter numbering 76 (over 80 including Bornholm whose county as an exception supervised the county's 6 market city municipalities (of 22 in total)) and not being part of a county but being supervised by the Interior Ministry. This distinction (having independent municipalities) ending (except for [[Copenhagen municipality|Copenhagen]], [[Frederiksberg]] and [[Bornholm]] (2003-06)) with the reform of 1970, the term municipality (''kommune'') replaced the previous two terms, which are now never used except for historical purposes. The number of municipalities had been reduced when during the period from April 1962 to 1966 398 municipalities merged to form 118 voluntarily. The number of municipalities peaked in the 1930s and was 1386 in 1962.<ref>{{da icon}}[http://www.byhistorie.dk/kommuner/] The local administration 1660-2007; Historiske kort (History maps); Vælg et årstal (Select a year).</ref> Many of the <!--277 municipalities from 1 April 1970 to 1 April 1974 (from 1 April 1974 Sengeløse municipality merging with Høje-Taastrup municipality (1970-) and Store Magleby parish municipality merging with Dragør municipality, both in Copenhagen County)--> 275 municipalities after [[1 April]] [[1974]] built large city halls to consolidate the administration and thus changed the cityscape of Denmark and also consolidated other municipal enterprises and the purchase of goods and services from the private sector, as will some of the present 98 municipalities over time.''TV2''(Denmark) reported 24 September 2007, that [[Statens og kommunernes indkøbsservice A/S (www.ski.dk/)|SKI]], a mutual purchasing service company for central government, regions, and municipalities, made purchases of 140 billion DKK (almost 9% of GDP) of goods and services in bulk every year, prompting private sector companies to complain over razorthin profit margins and that for instance innovative (but expensive) products and energy efficiency sometimes were better than a very low price.
==Greenland and the Faroe Islands==
:''Main articles: [[Economy of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Economy of Greenland]]
Greenland suffered negative economic growth in the early 1990s, but since 1993 the economy has improved. A tight fiscal policy by the Greenland Home Rule Government since the late 1980s helped create a low inflation rate and surpluses in the public budget, but at the cost of rising foreign debt in the Home Rule Government's commercial entities. Since 1990, Greenland has registered a foreign trade deficit.
Following the closure of Greenland's last lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland's economy is solely dependent on the fishing industry and financial transfers from the Danish central government. Despite resumption of several interesting hydrocarbon and [[mineral]] exploration activities, it will take several years before production will begin. Greenland's shrimp fishery is by far the largest source of income, since cod catches have dropped to historically low levels. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to the short season and high costs. The public sector plays a dominant role in Greenland's economy. Grants from mainland Denmark and EU fisheries payments make up about one-half of the home-rule government's revenues.
The Faroe Islands also depend almost entirely on fisheries and related exports. Without Danish Government bailouts in 1992 and 1993, the Faroese economy would have gone bankrupt. Since 1995, the Faroese economy has seen a noticeable upturn, but remains extremely vulnerable. Recent off-shore oil finds close to the Faroese area give hope for Faroese deposits, too, which may form the basis for an economic rebound over the longer term.
==Economy - overview==
This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech [[agriculture]], up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government [[social welfare|welfare]] measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on [[foreign trade]]. [[Denmark]] is a net exporter of food. The center-left coalition government (1993-2001) concentrated on reducing the unemployment rate and turning the budget deficit into a surplus, as well as following the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a current account surplus. The coalition also committed itself to maintaining a stable currency. The coalition lowered marginal income tax rates while maintaining overall tax revenues; boosted industrial competitiveness through labor market and tax reforms, increased research and development funds. The availability and duration of ''arbejdsløshedsdagpenge'' (unemployment benefit) has been restricted to four years and because of rapidly rising prices on housing this has led to an increase in poverty from below 4% in 1995 to 5% in 2006 according to the Danish Economic Council [http://politiken.dk/debat/article215345.ece]. Despite these cuts, the part of the public sector in Denmark which provides the public sector administration and direct service to the public - nursing institutions for the young or old, hospitals, schools, police, etc. - has risen from 25.5% of GDP during the former government to 26% today and is projected to be at 26.5% in 2015 if current policies continue [http://nyhederne-dyn.tv2.dk/article.php/id-8042192.html].
Denmark chose not to join the 11 other [[European Union]] members who launched the [[euro]] on [[1 January]] [[1999]]. Especially from 2006, economists and political pundits have expressed concern that the lack of skilled labor will result in higher pay increases and an overheating of the economy, which would repeat the boom-and-bust cycle in 1986, when government introduced a tax reform and restricted the private loan market because of a record balance-of-payments deficit. As a consequence, the trade balance showed a surplus in 1987, and the balance-of-payments in 1990 (first surplus since 1963). They have remained in surplus since, except for the balance of payments in 1998.
==GDP==
Table showing selected [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] GDPs and growth - 2002 to 2007 est.:
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|-----
! style="background:#efefef;" | Year
! style="background:#efefef;" | GDP <br /> <small>in billions of USD PPP <br /> </small>
! style="background:#efefef;" | % GDP Growth
|- align="right"
! align="left"|2002
| 166.876 || 0.5
|- align="right"
! align="left"|2003
| 170.798 || 0.7
|- align="right"
! align="left"|2004
| 178.477 || 2.4
|- align="right"
! align="left"|2005
| 187.721 || 3.1
|- align="right"
! align="left"|2006
| 195.581 || 3.2
|- align="right"
! align="left"|2007
| 212.404 || 1.8
|}
==See also==
*[[Danish mortgage market]]
*[[List of Danish companies]]
*[[Big Mac Index]]
*[[Lists of countries]]
==Footnotes==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <references/></div>
==References==
* [http://www.dst.dk/OmDS/BagTal/Arkiv/23-08-07-elektroniske-publikationer-bliver-gratis.aspx Press release Statistics Denmark August 2007:(Almost all)Electronic publications become free of charge]{{da icon}}
* [http://www.danmarksstatistik.dk/HomeUK.aspx Statistics Denmark Statistics free of charge]
* [http://www.dst.dk/HomeUK/Statistics/ofs/Publications/Yearbook.aspx Statistical Yearbook 2007 PDF-files free of charge]
* [http://www.dst.dk/OmDS/BagTal/Arkiv.aspx Short cut to press releases/verbal explanations on released statistics]{{da icon}}
* [http://www.nationalbanken.dk/dnuk/specialdocuments.nsf Central Bank]
* [http://www.da.dk/default.asp Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening Confederation of Danish Employers]
* [http://www.lo.dk/Englishversion/Introduction.aspx Landsorganisationen i Danmark The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions]
* [http://www.akf.dk/english/ Anvendt Kommunal Forskning Danish Institute of Governmental Research]
* [http://www.sfi.dk/sw7013.asp The Danish National Centre for Social Research]
* [http://www.dors.dk/sw403.asp De økonomiske Råds sekretariat Danish Economic Councils]
* [http://www.aeraadet.dk/regado.jsp?type=page&id=56 Economic Council of the Labour Movement]
* [http://www.cepos.dk/cms/index.php?id=114 CEPOS Think Tank for a liberal economy and limited Government etc.]
* [http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/henriksen.denmark Economic History Services Encyclopedia: Denmark]
== External links ==
*[http://www.oecd.org/denmark/ OECD's Denmark country Web site] and [http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/denmark/ OECD Economic Survey of Denmark]
*[http://www.imf.org/ IMF Country Report]
*[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State, country overview for Denmark]
*[http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&ned=us&ie=UTF-8&q=denmark/&btnG=Search Google news Denmark]
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[[Category:Economy of Denmark|Economy of Denmark]]
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[[Category:OECD member economies|Denmark]]
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