Economy of Finland 10712 225858618 2008-07-15T18:58:27Z 84.250.198.205 {{Infobox Economy |country = Finland |image = |width = 150 |caption = [[Euro coins|Euro Coins]] |currency = [[Euro]] (EUR) |year = calendar year |organs = [[EU]], [[WTO]], [[OECD]] and others |rank = 51 |gdp = $185.9 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] (2007 est.) |growth = 4.5% (2007 est.) [http://www.stat.fi/til/vtp/2007/vtp_2007_2008-07-10_tie_001_en.html] |per capita = $33,500 (2006 est.) |sectors = agriculture: 2.5%, industry: 31.7%, services: 65.9% (2007 est.) |inflation = 2.7% (2007 est.) |poverty = N/A |labor = 2.68 million (2007 est.) |occupations = agriculture and forestry 4.4%, industry 17.5%, construction 6%, commerce 22%, finance, insurance, and business services 12%, transport and communications 8%, public services 30.2% (2006 est.) |unemployment = 6.9% (2007) <ref>http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_tyoelama_en.html</ref> |industries = metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing |exports = $92.62 billion (2007 est.) |export-goods = machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999) |export-partners = [[Germany]] 11.3%, [[Sweden]] 10.5%, [[Russia]] 10.1%, [[United Kingdom|UK]] 6.5%, [[United States|US]] 6.5%, [[Netherlands]] 5.1% (2006) |imports = $76.36 billion (2007 est.) |import-goods = food stuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains |import-partners = [[Germany]] 15.6%, [[Russia]] 14%, [[Sweden]] 13.7%, [[Netherlands]] 6.6%, the [[People's Republic of China]] 5.4%, [[United Kingdom|UK]] 4.7%, [[Denmark]] 4.5% (2006) |debt = 32.9% of GDP (2007 est.) |revenue = $124.2 billion (2007 est.) |expenses = $114 billion (2007 est.) |aid = ''donor'': [[Official development assistance|ODA]], $1.023 billion (2007) |cianame = fi }} Finland has a highly industrialized, free-market economy with a [[per capita]] output equal to that of other western economies such as [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Sweden]] or the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. The largest sector of the economy is services at 65.7 percent, followed by manufacturing and refining at 31.4 percent. [[Primary production (economics)|Primary production]] is at 2.9 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_kansantalous_en.html |title=Finland in Figures – National Accounts |work=Statistics Finland |accessdate=2007-04-26}}</ref> With respect to [[International trade|foreign trade]], the key economic sector is [[manufacturing]]. The largest industries<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_teollisuus_en.html |title=Finland in Figures – Manufacturing |work=Statistics Finland |accessdate=2007-04-26}}</ref> are [[electronics]] (21.6 percent), machinery, vehicles and other engineered metal products (21.1 percent), forest industry (13.1 percent), and chemicals (10.9 percent). Finland has [[timber]] and several mineral and freshwater resources. [[Forestry]], paper factories, and the [[Agriculture|agricultural sector]] (on which taxpayers spend around 2 billion euro annually) are politically sensitive to rural residents. The [[Greater Helsinki]] area generates around a third of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]. In a 2004 OECD comparison, high-technology manufacturing in Finland ranked second largest after Ireland. Knowledge-intensive services have also ranked the smallest and slow-growth sectors – especially agriculture and low-technology manufacturing – second largest after Ireland. Investment was below expected.<ref name="oecd2004">Finland Economy 2004, OECD</ref> Overall short-term outlook was good and GDP growth has been above many EU peers. Inflation has been low, averaging 1.8 percent between 2004 and 2006. Finland is highly integrated in the global economy, and international trade is a third of GDP. The European Union makes 60 percent of the total trade. The largest trade flows are with Germany, [[Russia]], Sweden, United Kingdom, [[United States|USA]], [[Netherlands]] and [[China]]. Trade policy is managed by the European Union, where Finland has traditionally been among the free trade supporters, except for agriculture. Finland is the only Nordic country to have joined the [[Eurozone]]. == History == Finland started out as a relatively poor country that was vulnerable to shocks to the economy such as the great famine of the 1860s. Until the 1930s, the Finnish economy was predominantly agrarian, and, as late as in the 1950s, more than half the population and 40 per cent of output were still in the primary sector. ===After World War II=== Property rights were strong. While nationalization committees were set up in France and UK, Finland avoided nationalizations. After failed experiments with protectionism, Finland eased restrictions and made a free trade agreement with the [[European Community]] in 1973, making its markets more competitive. Local education markets expanded and an increasing number of Finns also went abroad to study in the United States or Western Europe, bringing back advanced skills. There was a quite common, but pragmatic-minded, credit and investment cooperation by state and corporations, though it was considered with suspicion. Support for capitalism was widespread.<ref name="equity">[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/Resources/finland.pdf Growth and Equity in Finland], World Bank</ref> Savings rate hovered among the world's highest, at around 8% until the 80s. In the beginning of the 1970s, Finland's GDP per capita reached the level of [[Japan]] and the UK. Finland's economic development shared many aspects with export-led Asian countries.<ref name="equity"/> In 1991 Finland fell into a [[Great Depression]]-magnitude [[recession|depression]] caused by a combination of [[Overheating (economics)|economic overheating]], depressed Western, Soviet and local markets, and disappearance of Soviet [[Barter|barter system]]. Stock market and housing prices declined by 50%.<ref name="inflation">[http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/evds/yayin/kitaplar/enf_kitap/4-Antti_Suvanto.pdf Inflation targeting: Reflection from the Finnish experience]</ref> The growth in the 1980s was based on debt, and when the defaults began rolling in, GDP declined by 13% and [[unemployment]] increased from a virtual full employment to one fifth of the workforce. The crisis was amplified by trade unions' initial opposition to any reforms. Politicians struggled to cut spending and the public debt doubled to around 60% of GDP.<ref name="inflation"/> Much of the economic growth in the 1980s was based on debt financing, and the debt defaults led to a [[savings and loan crisis]]. Total of over 10 billion euro were used to bail out failing banks, which led to banking sector consolidation.<ref>[http://217.71.145.20/TRIPviewer/temp/TUNNISTE_VaVM_15_1996_fi.html Converted<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> After devaluations the depression bottomed out in 1993. === Liberalization === Like other Nordic countries, Finland has liberalized the economy since late 80s. Financial and product market regulation was removed. The market is now one of the most free in Europe. State enterprises were privatized and taxes were cut. However, unlike in Denmark, trade unions blocked job market reforms, causing persistent unemployment and a two-tier job market. Trade unions also blocked social security reform proposals towards [[basic income]] or [[negative income tax]]. Finland joined the [[European Union]] in 1995. The central bank was given an inflation-targeting mandate until Finland joined eurozone.<ref name="inflation"/> The growth rate has since been one of the highest of [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] countries and Finland has topped many indicators of national performance. Since then the growth rate has been one of the highest of OECD countries, and national debt has been reduced to 32.9 percent of [[GDP]]. Finland was one of the 11 countries joining the third phase of the [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union]], adopting the [[euro]] as the country's currency, on [[1 January]] [[1999]]. The national currency markka (FIM) was withdrawn from circulation and replaced by euro (EUR) in the beginning of 2002. The stability that the monetary union has brought to the Finnish economy has been largely welcomed as one of the cornerstones of continued economic expansion. However, some of the biggest EU trading partners, notably Sweden and UK, have not joined the monetary union, which has left the export sector vulnerable to currency changes. ==Companies== [[Image:Aleksanterinkatu Helsinki summer.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aleksanterinkatu]], a commercial street.]] Notable companies in Finland include [[Nokia]], the market leader in mobile telephony; [[Stora Enso]], the largest paper manufacturer in the world; [[Neste Oil]], an oil refining and marketing company; [[UPM (company)|UPM-Kymmene]], the third largest paper manufacturer in the world; [[Aker Finnyards]], the manufacturer of the world's largest cruise ships (such as [[Royal Caribbean International|Royal Caribbean's]] ''[[MS Freedom of the Seas|Freedom of the Seas]]''); Instrumentarium Imaging, the creator of the Orthopantomograph (Pan X-Ray machine) and world innovative leader of dental imaging systems and software; [[KONE]], a manufacturer of elevators and escalators; [[Wärtsilä]], a producer of power plants and ship engines; and [[Finnair]], the largest [[Helsinki-Vantaa]] based international [[airline]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.largestcompanies.com/default$/lev2-TopList/lev2Desc-The_largest_companies_(turnover)/AdPageId-102/list-2/cc-FI/ |title=The largest companies (turnover) |work=Largestcompanies.com |accessdate=2007-04-30}}</ref> Finland has sophisticated financial markets comparable to UK in efficiency.<ref name="economicfreedom"/> Though foreign investment is not high, the largest foreign-headquartered companies included names such as [[ABB]], [[Tellabs]], [[Carlsberg]], and [[Siemens]].<ref name="ownership">[http://www.eva.fi/files/804_onko_omistamisella_valia.pdf Onko omistamisella väliä] (in Finnish)</ref> Finland-headquartered companies are quite international, though statistics are affected by the few largest. About 70% - 80% of equity in [[Helsinki Stock Exchange]] is owned by foreign-registered entities<ref>http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/ImgLib/3/133/ecograph2.gif</ref>, large Finland-headquartered companies get most revenue abroad, and employ the majority of their workers abroad. Cross-shareholding and other uncompetitive practices have been abolished and there is increasing anglo-Saxon style [[corporate governance]]. However, only around 15% of residents had invested in stock market, compared to 20% in France, and 50% in the US.<ref name="ownership"/> As elsewhere in Western Europe, the environment is less favorable to small companies and small shareholders than in the US and UK. Hence ownership is quite concentrated.<ref name="ownership"/> Large Finland-headquartered companies tend to be older than in the US. Between 2000-2003, early stage venture capital investments relative to GDP were 8.5 percent against 4 percent in the EU and 11.5 in the US. Later stage investments fell to the EU median.<ref>[http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf by Torben M. Andersen, Bengt Holmström, Seppo Honkapohja, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, Juhana Vartiainen]</ref> Invest in Finland and other programs attempt to attract investment.<ref>[http://www.investinfinland.fi/ Invest in Finland]</ref> In 2000 [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] from Finland to overseas was 20 billion euro and from overseas to Finland 7 billion euro. Acquisitions and mergers have internationalized business in Finland. ==Household income== Finland's income is generated by the approximately 1.8 million private sector workers, who make an average 25.1 euro per hour (before the median 60% [[tax wedge]]) in 2007.<ref>[http://www.stat.fi/til/tvtutk/2004/tvtutk_2004_2006-09-15_tie_001.html Tehdyn työtunnin hinta 23-27 euroa], Statistics Finland</ref> In 2003 residents worked on average around 10 years for the same employer<ref>[http://www.etk.fi/Page.aspx?Section=58009&Item=60362 Keskustelua suomalaisen työelämän luonteesta ja sen muuttumisesta]</ref> and around 5 jobs in lifetime. 62 percent worked for small and medium-size enterprises.<ref>[http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/artikkelit/2008/art_2008-02-15_003.html Tilastokeskus - Pienten ja keskisuurten yritysten merkitys työllistäjinä on kasvanut<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Female employment rate was high and gender segregation on career choices was higher than in the US.<ref name="niels">The Nordic Model of Welfare: A Historical Reappraisal, by Niels Finn Christiansen</ref> In 1999 part-time work rate was one of the smallest in OECD.<ref name="niels"/> Unemployment rate was 6.8% and employment rate 68% in early 2008.<ref>[http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_tyoelama_en.html Statistics Finland: Labour Market]</ref> The unemployment security benefits for those seeking employment are at an average OECD level. The labor administration funds labor market training for unemployed job seekers, which is often vocational. The aim of the training is to improve the channels of finding employment. Very much like in [[Sweden]]<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c18430e6-fc0b-11da-b1a1-0000779e2340.html FT.com / World - 'Real Swedish jobless rate 15%'<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, the government is often accused of "cleaning the unemployment statistics" by vocational training programmes.<ref>[http://www.eupedia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=24192 Employment vs unemployment rates in the EU - Europe Forum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Future liabilities are dominated by the pension deficit. Unlike in Sweden, where pension savers can manage their investments, in Finland employer chooses a pension fund for the employee. The pension funding rate is higher than in most Western European countries, but still only a portion of is funded and pensions exclude health insurances and other unaccounted promises.<ref name="ikääntyminen">[http://www.vnk.fi/julkaisukansio/2007/j10-ikaantymisen-taloudelliset-vaikutukset/pdf/fi.pdf Ikääntymisen taloudelliset vaikutukset ja niihin varautuminen]</ref> Directly held [[public debt]] has been reduced to around 32 percent in 2007.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html CIA Factbook: Public Debt]</ref> In 2007, the average household savings rate was -3.8 and [[household debt]] 101 percent of annual disposable income, a typical level in Europe.<ref>[http://www.taloussanomat.fi/omatalous/2008/02/29/Kotitalouksien+velkaantumisaste+yli+sadan+prosentin/20086262/322?rss=4] (in Finnish)</ref> ==Household consumption== In 2006, there were 2,381,500 households of average size 2.1 persons. 40 percent of households consisted of single person, 32 percent two and 28 percent three or more. There were 1.2 million residential buildings in Finland and the average residential space was 38 square meters per person. The average residential property (without land) cost 1,187 euro per sq metre (without land) and residential land on 8.6 euro per sq metre. Consumer energy prices were 8-12 euro per kilowatt hour.<ref>[http://www.stat.fi/til/ehkh/2007/03/ehkh_2007_03_2007-12-13_kuv_011.html Sähkön hinta kuluttajatyypeittäin 1994-, c/kWh]</ref> 74 percent of households had a car. There were 2.5 million cars and 0.4 other vehicles.<ref>[http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_liikenne_en.html Statistics Finland: Transport and Tourism]</ref> Around 92 percent has mobile phone and 58 percent [[List of countries by number of Internet users|Internet connection at home]]. The average total household consumption was 20,000 euro, out of which housing at around 5500 euro, transport at around 3000 euro, food and beverages excluding alcoholic at around 2500 euro, recreation and culture at around 2000 euro. Upper-level white-collar households (409,653) consumed an average 27,456 euro, lower-level white-collar households (394,313) 20,935 euro, and blue-collar households (471,370) 19,415 euro euro.<ref>[http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/til/ktutk/2006/ktutk_2006_2007-12-19_tie_001_en.html Own-account worker households' consumption has grown most in 2001-2006]</ref> ==Public policy== {{seealso|Nordic model}} Finnish politicians have often emulated other Nordics and the [[Nordic model]].<ref name="nordicmodel">[http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf The Nordic Model] by Torben M. Andersen, Bengt Holmström, Seppo Honkapohja, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, Juhana Vartiainen</ref> Nordics have been free-trading and relatively welcoming to skilled migrants for over a century, though in Finland immigration is relatively new. The level of protection in commodity trade has been low, except for agricultural products.<ref name="nordicmodel"/> As an economic environment, Finland's judiciary is efficient and effective. Finland is highly open to investment and free trade. Finland has top levels of economic freedom in many areas, although there is a heavy tax burden and inflexible job market. Finland is ranked 16th (ninth in Europe) in the 2008 [[Index of Economic Freedom]].<ref name="economicfreedom">[http://www.heritage.org/index/country.cfm?ID=Finland Economic freedom: Finland]</ref> Recently, Finland has topped the patents per capita statistics, and overall productivity growth has been strong in areas such as electronics. While the manufacturing sector is thriving, OECD points out that the service sector would benefit substantially from policy improvements.<ref>[http://www.kilpailuvirasto.fi/cgi-bin/suomi.cgi?sivu=uut/u-2005-3-1 Kilpailuvirasto: OECD:n raportti suosittelee kilpailun lisäämistä palvelualoilla<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The data-based [[International Institute for Management Development|IMD]] World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007 ranked Finland 17th most [[competitiveness|competitive]], next to Germany, and lowest of the Nordics.<ref>[http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/announcing.cfm World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007]</ref> The [[World Economic Forum]] report, based on loose opinion polls, has ranked Finland the most competitive country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%20Competitiveness%20Report/index.htm |title=Global Competitiveness Report |work=[[World Economic Forum]] |accessdate=2007-01-22}}</ref> The central government has officially given many promised such as emphasis on [[information technology]], but critics question the central government's competency to deliver much. For instance, Finland did not have an Internet-based tax filing system as of 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://virtual.finland.fi/ |title=Virtual Finland (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland) |accessdate=2007-01-22}}</ref> Finland is one of the most [[balanced budget|fiscally responsible]] EU countries. ===Product market=== Economists attribute much growth to reforms in the product markets. According to OECD, only four [[EU-15]] countries have less regulated [[product market]]s (UK, Ireland, Denmark and Sweden) and only one has less regulated [[financial market]]s (Denmark). Nordic countries were pioneers in liberalizing energy, postal, and other markets in Europe.<ref name="nordicmodel"/> The legal system is clear and business bureaucracy less than most countries.<ref name="freedom">[http://www.heritage.org/index/country.cfm?id=Finland Finland economy]</ref> For instance, starting a business takes an average of 14 days, compared to the world average of 43 days and Denmark's average of 6 days. Property rights are well protected and contractual agreements are strictly honored.<ref name="economicfreedom"/> Finland is rated one of the least corrupted countries in [[Corruption Perceptions Index]]. Finland is rated 13th in the [[Ease of Doing Business Index]]. It indicates exceptional ease to trade across borders (5th), enforce contracts (7th), and close a business (5th), and exceptional hardship to employ workers (127th) and pay taxes (83rd).<ref>[http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ Economy Rankings], Doing Business Report 2008, [[World Bank]]</ref> ===Job market=== According to OECD, the [[job market]] is the most inflexible among Nordic countries.<ref name="nordicmodel"/> Finland increased job market regulation in the 1970s to provide stability to manufacturers. In the 90s, Denmark liberalized its job market, Sweden moved to more decentralized contracts, and Finnish trade unions blocked most reforms. Finnish law forces all workers to obey the lengthy and bureaucracy-imposing country-wide contracts that are drafted every few years for each profession (copy machinist, metallurgical engineer, etc.) and seniority level, usually in [[Comprehensive Income Policy Agreement]].<ref name="nordicmodel"/> Along with tax rates, the system is a key contributor to unemployment and distorted prices, and possibly slows down structural change as there are less incentives to acquire better skills.<ref name="oecd2004"/><ref name="nordicmodel"/> Trade unions have traditionally lobbied for anti-immigrant policies, but Finland has now made some effort to improve the economy's competitiveness and marketing as a destination for skilled workers. ===Taxation=== The middle income worker suffers from a nearly 60 percent [[tax wedge]]<ref name="nordicmodel"/> and [[effective marginal tax rate]]s are very high.<ref name="oecd2004">Economic Survey of Finland in 2004, [[OECD]]</ref> [[Value-added tax]] is 22 percent for most items. [[Capital gains tax]] and [[corporate tax]] are 26 percent, about the EU median. [[Property tax]]es are low, but there is a [[stamp duty]] of 4% for home sellers.<ref name="oecd2004"/> Alcoholic beverages are separately taxed and highly restricted. For instance, McKinsey estimates that a worker has to pay around 1600 euro for another's 400 euro service<ref>[http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/helsinki/pdf/finlands_economy_achievements_challenges_priorities.pdf McKinsey: Finland's Economy]</ref> - restricting service supply and demand - though some taxation is avoided in the [[black market]] and self-service culture. Another study by Karlson, Johansson & Johnsson estimates that the percentage of the buyer’s income entering the service vendor’s wallet (inverted tax wedge) is slightly over 15%, compared to 10% in Belgium, 25% in France, 40% in Switzerland and 50% in the United States.<ref>Karlson, Johansson & Johnsson (2004), p. 184.</ref> Tax cuts have been in every post-depression government's agenda and the overall tax burden is now around 43% of GDP compared to 51.1% in Sweden, 34.7% in [[Germany]], 33.5% in [[Canada]], and 30.5% in [[Ireland]].<ref>[http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_valtiontalous_en.html Government Finance]</ref> State and municipal politicians have struggled to cut their consumption, which is very high at 51.7% of GDP compared to 56.6% in Sweden, 46.9 in Germany, 39.3 in Canada, and 33.5% in [[Ireland]].<ref name="economicfreedom"/> Much of the taxes are spent on public sector employees, many of which are jobs-for-life and amount to 124,000 state employees and 430,000 municipal employees.<ref name="oecd2004"/> That is 113 per 1000 residents (over a quarter of workforce) compared to 74 in the US, 70 in Germany, and 42 in Japan (8% of workforce).<ref>[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20080421a1.html Is Japan's bureaucracy still living in the 17th century? | The Japan Times Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The [[Economist Intelligence Unit]]'s ranking for Finland's [[e-readiness]] is high at 13th, compared to 1st for United States, 3rd for Sweden, 5th for Denmark, and 14th for Germany. Also, early and generous retirement schemes have contributed to high pension costs.<ref name="oecd2004"/> Social spending such as health or education is around OECD median.<ref name="oecd2004"/> Social transfers are also around OECD median. In 2001 Finland's outsourced proportion of spending was below Sweden's and above most other Western European countries. Outsourcing to free market has saved costs and increased customer satisfaction. For instance, Finland's health care is more bureaucrat-managed than in most Western European countries, though many use private insurance or cash to enjoy private clinics. Better access to private services is is very popular among voters and small reforms toward more equal marketplace have been made in 2007-2008.<ref>[http://www.ek.fi/terveyspalvelualan_tyonantajaliitto/ajankohtaista/index.php?we_objectID=5567 Three quarters would like to raise private health care KELA reimbursements] (in Finnish)</ref> In education, child nurseries, and elderly nurseries private competition is bottom-ranking compared to Sweden and most other Western countries.<ref name="nordicmodel"/> Some public monopolies such [[Alko]] remain, and are sometimes challenged by the European Union. The state has a programme where the number of jobs decreases by [[attrition]]: for two retirees, only one new employee is hired. == References == <references /> == See also == *[http://www.oecd.org/finland/ OECD's Finland country Web site] and [http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/finland/ OECD Economic Survey of Finland] *[[Finland]] *[[Finnish Maritime Cluster]] *[[Finland and Globalization]] *[[Economy of Europe]] *[[List of Finnish companies]] *[[List of banks in Finland]] *[[Commemorative coins of Finland]] *[http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/index_en.html Current statistics] from Statistics Finland ''Other links'' * [[Economy of Europe]] * [[European Union]] {{OECD}} {{WTO}} {{Economy of Europe}} [[Category:Economy of Finland| ]] [[Category:European Union member economies]] [[Category:OECD member economies|Finland]] [[bn:ফিনল্যান্ডের অর্থনীতি]] [[es:Economía de Finlandia]] [[fr:Économie de la Finlande]] [[gl:Economía de Finlandia]] [[io:Ekonomio di Finlando]] [[he:כלכלת פינלנד]] [[no:Finlands økonomi]] [[oc:Economia de Finlàndia]] [[pt:Economia da Finlândia]] [[sq:Ekonomia e Finlandës]] [[sr:Привреда Финске]] [[fi:Suomen talous]] [[vi:Kinh tế Phần Lan]]