Eidskog
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{{Infobox_Kommune|
name=Eidskog|
idnumber=0420|
county=Hedmark|
landscape=Glåmdal|
capital=[[Skotterud]]|
governor=Knut Gustav Woie ([[Senterpartiet|Sp]])|
governor_as_of=2007|
arearank=174|
area=641|
arealand=604|
areapercent=0.20|
population_as_of=2004|
populationrank=154|
population=6,431|
populationpercent=0.14|
populationdensity=11|
populationincrease=-0.1|
demonym=Eidskoging|
language=[[Norwegian Bokmål|Bokmål]]|
lat_deg=59| lat_min=59| lat_sec=53| lon_deg=12| lon_min=3| lon_sec=38|
utm_zone=33W| utm_northing=6654860 |utm_easting=0336077| geo_cat=adm2nd|
coatofarms=Eidskog_komm.png|
map=[[Image:Eidskog kart.png]]|
munwebpage=www.eidskog.kommune.no|
}}
'''Eidskog''' is a municipality in the county of [[Hedmark]], Norway.
Eidskog was separated from [[Vinger]] in 1864.
The municipality is bordered to the north by [[Kongsvinger]] and in the west by [[Aurskog-Høland]], [[Nes, Akershus|Nes]] og [[Sør-Odal]]. Eidskog borders on [[Sweden]], both to the east and south.
==The name==
The [[North Germanic languages|Norse]] form of the name was ''Eiðaskógr''. The first element is the plural genitive case of ''eið'' n 'path between two lakes'. The last element is ''skógr'' m 'wood'. Thus 'the wood with the many eiðs'. (In old times people were traveling in small boats on the lakes and the rivers, but they had to drag the boats over the eids - see under.)
==History==
The name ''Eidskog'' is ancient and was used for the region between today’s Kongsvinger in [[Norway]] and [[Arvika]] in Sweden. [[Vinger Royal Road|Eskoleia]], the route through Eidskog, was (and continues to be in the form of [[riksvei 2]]) one of the most important traffic arteries between Norway and Sweden. The name was already in use during the [[Norse saga|saga period]] and became, after the [[canonization]] of [[Saint Olaf]] and important pilgrim’s route from [[Europe]] to [[Nidaros]]. At Midtskog (Norwegian for ''middle of the woods''), today called [[Matrand]], a [[stave church]] was raised in the [[1100s]]. Today Eidskog church is built on the same site and was constructed in [[1665]].
The way through Eidskog was also militarily important and many times through history has been the point of Swedish strikes into Hedmark. To defend against these assaults, a number of [[Norwegian Fortresses|fortifications]] were built in the vicinity, including ones at Magnor and Matrand, but the chief fortification was [[Kongsvinger Fortress]].
The last Swedish attack through Eidskog was in [[1814]] when [[Major General]] [[Carl Pontus Gahn]] on [[July 31]] crossed the border and marched against [[Kongsvinger]]. His forces were stopped at [[Lier skanse]] outside Kongsvinger on [[August 2]] by troops led by [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Andreas Samuel Krebs]] and retreated to Eidskog. On August 4, Krebs followed after to drive Swedish troops off Norwegian territory. The two forces met in the [[battle of Matrand]] which was the bloodiest battle of the war and ended with a Norwegian victory.
Later in 1814 Norway was joined in union with Sweden and the confrontations at the Eidskog border ended.
The [[Soot Canal]], constructed in 1849, has Norway's oldest sluice gates. It was the work of Engebret Soot (1786-1859). It was built to allow timber to be transported (floated) to the Halden sawmills. The canal was 1.5 km long and had 16 locks which extended from Lake [[Skjervangen]] at 185 m above sea level up to Lake Mortsjølungen at 201 m above sea level.
The route through Eidskog became an important connection between the two countries; this was strengthened with the opening of the [[Grenseban]] railway in 1862, which connected [[Christiania]] to [[Stockholm]].
Eidskog became an independent municipality in 1864 when it was separated from Vinger municipality. The new municipality then had 6,920 inhabitants.
==Coat-of-arms==
The coat-of-arms is from modern times (1986). It shows a [[black grouse]].
==Noteworthy sights==
* Soot-kanalen - the first [[Lock (water transport)|lock]] constructed in Norway, used for log floating
* Grenselosmuseet - museum on the route for escape to Sweden during the [[Second World War]]
* Oppistun Børli - poet Hans Børli’s home
* Morokulien - memorial to the long lasting peace with Sweden
==Famous People from Eidskog==
*[[Hans Børli]], poet
*[[Ivar Skulstad]], Politician, Member of the Storting for Hedmark County
==External links==
* [http://www.kulturnett.no/geografisknavigering/geografisknavigering_visning.jsp?fylke=T955794&kommune=T1740019 Culture in Eidskog on the map (in Norwegian)]
{{Hedmark}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Hedmark]]
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