Eisenstadt
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224681163
2008-07-09T23:07:52Z
Zello
359326
coa added, hungarian name is not official
{{Infobox Town AT
|image_photo=Esterházy castle.jpg
|image_caption=Esterházy castle
|name=Eisenstadt|
name_local=|
image_coa = Wappen at eisenstadt.png|
image_map = Map at eisenstadt.png |
state = [[Burgenland]] |
regbzk = |
district = [[Statutory City]]|
population =12190|
population_as_of = 2006-01-01|
population_ref =|
pop_dens =284|
area =42.91|
elevation = 182|
lat_deg=47|
lat_min=50|
lat_sec=44|
lat_hem=N|
lon_deg=16|
lon_min=31|
lon_sec=08|
lon_hem=E|
postal_code = 7000|
area_code =02682|
licence = E|
mayor = Andrea Fraunschiel ([[Austrian People's Party|ÖVP]])|
website = [http://www.eisenstadt.at www.eisenstadt.at]|
}}
{{For| the [[US Supreme Court]] decision|Eisenstadt v. Baird}}
'''Eisenstadt''' ({{lang-hu|Kismarton}}, {{lang-hr|Željezno}}) is a [[city]] in [[Austria]], the state capital of [[Burgenland]]. It has a population of about 12,000 (2006).
In the [[Habsburg monarchy]], Eisenstadt/Kismarton was the seat of the [[House of Esterházy|Eszterházy]] [[Hungarian nobility|hungarian noble family]]. The composer [[Joseph Haydn]] lived there as ''Hofkapellmeister'' under Esterházy [[patronage]].
==Geography==
Eisenstadt lies on a plain leading down to the river [[Wulka]], at the south foot of the mountain range known as the [[Leithagebirge]], about 12 km from the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border.
The city is divided into four districts:
* Oberberg
* Unterberg
* Kleinhöflein
* St. Georgen
== Origin of the name==
The present city name, meaning "Iron City", was first recorded in 1118 as "castrum ferrum" and refers to the history of iron mining and iron trade in the area. The first written mention of the town took place in 1264 as "minor Mortin", matching the [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] name, Kismarton, which is recalling [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]], the patron saint of the main church.
== History ==
Archeological finds prove that the Eisenstadt area was already settled in the [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] period. [[Celts]] and [[Roman Empire|Romans]] settled somewhat later. During the [[Migration Period]], the area was settled by different [[Germanic tribes]] and the [[Huns]]. Around 800, during the reign of [[Charlemagne]], settlement by the [[Bavarii]] began.
The fortress built on the original earth works was destroyed by the troops of [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria]]. In 1241, it was destroyed by the [[Mongol]] invaders. In 1373, the town came into the possession of the [[Kanizsai]] family, who rebuilt the walls surrounding the town and built a fortress at the site of the present day castle between 1388 and 1392. In 1388, Eisenstadt was given the right to hold markets by [[Emperor Sigismund]].
In 1445 Archduke [[Albert VI of Austria]] acquired the town. In 1451 it was ceded to [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]] by [[Matthias Corvinus]] in return for the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]]. Matthias Corvinus reconquered it by force in [[1482]], but [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] acquired it again in 1490. It remained under [[Habsburg]] rule until 1622. In 1529 and 1532 the [[Ottoman Empire]] conquered Eisenstadt with their advance on the city of [[Vienna]] (see [[Ottoman wars in Europe]]). It was captured by the army of [[Imre Thököly]] in 1683, and it saw the defeat of the [[kuruc]] army of [[Sándor Károlyi]] by the [[Habsburgs]] in 1704. A royal town since 1648, it was destroyed by fire in 1589 and 1776.
In 1648, it passed under the rule of the [[House of Esterházy|Esterházy family]]. These [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] princes permanently changed the face of the city due to their extensive construction especially on their castle, [[Schloss Esterházy]]. The appointment of [[Franz Josef Haydn]] as the prince's ''Hofkapellmeister'' (high chapel master, composing and performing music) began the great artistic period in the city's history. In 1809, Eisenstadt was occupied by [[France|French]] troops during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]; in 1897, it was joined to the railway network.
Until the end of [[World War I]], it was the seat of Kismarton county in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. In 1921, by the [[Treaty of Trianon|Treaties of Trianon]] and [[Treaty of Saint-Germain|Saint-Germain]] it became part of Austria. Since 30 April 1925, Eisenstadt is seat of the Burgenland state government and thus the state capital. During [[World War II]], Eisenstadt was heavily bombarded. In 1945, it was occupied by the [[Red Army]], and the city remained until 1955 under Soviet occupation. In 1960, Eisenstadt became the see of its own [[Roman Catholic]] [[diocese]].
== Politics ==
The current [[mayor]] of Eisenstadt is Andrea Frauenschiel [[ÖVP]].
The district council is composed as follows (as of 2007):
* [[ÖVP]]: 17 seats
* [[SPÖ]]: 8 seats
* [[Austrian Green Party]]: 2 seats
* [[FPÖ]]: 2 seats
==Main sights==
[[image:Eisenstadt-altes-Rathaus.jpg|thumb|250px|The Old Town Hall]]
=== Religious edifices ===
* ''Bergkirche'', housing [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]'s tomb.
* ''Domkirche'', late Gothic former military church, began in 1460.
* ''Franziskanerkirche ''(Franciscan church), Built in 1629, it contains the crypt of the [[House of Esterházy|Esterházy family]].
* [[Jewish religion|Jewish]] [[synagogue]].
=== Castles and palaces ===
* [[Schloss Esterházy]] and Schlosspark, the Esterházy castle and park.
* [[Gloriette]], the former Esterházy hunting lodge.
=== Buildings ===
* Haydn mausoleum
* ''Rathaus ''(City Hall)
* ''Pulverturm ''(lit. "Powder tower") <!-- Does anyone know what this is? If so, please clarify! -->
=== Museums ===
* ''Haydnmuseum '', a museum dedicated to [[Franz Josef Haydn]], who lived in the building between 1766 and 1778.
* ''Landesmuseum ''(regional museum).
*'' Österreichisches Jüdisches Museum ''(Austrian Jewish Museum)<ref>{{cite web|title=Schalom|language=German|publisher=''Österreichisches Jüdisches Museum''|url=http://www.ojm.at/|accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref>.
* ''Diözesanmuseum'' (museum of the local Roman Catholic diocese).
* ''Feuerwehrmuseum ''(fire department museum).
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:
Image:Kismarton légifotó1.jpg
Image:Kismarton légifotó2.jpg
Image:Kismarton légifotó3.jpg
</gallery>
== Culture==
Eisenstadt hosts a Haydn festival, the Haydnfestspiele.
==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Bad Kissingen]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Colmar]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lignano]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Shido]], [[Japan]]
*{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Sopron]], [[Hungary]]
== People ==
===Natives===
* [[Gyula Farkas (linguistic scientist)]]
* [[Andreas Ivanschitz]] (was born in Eisenstadt but lived in Baumgarten which is about 20 min away from Eisenstadt)
* [[Josef Hyrtl]]
* [[Maria Perschy]]
* [[Martin Vukovich]]
* [[Joseph Weigl]] I & II, musician
===Other residents===
* [[Samuel Löw Brill]], rabbi and Talmudical scholar; born in [[Budapest]]; attended yeshivah
* [[Akiva Eiger]] the Younger (Akiba ben Moses Guens) [[German people|German]] [[rabbi]] and champion of [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodoxy]]; born here
* [[Joseph Haydn]], musician, born on [[Rohrau]]
* [[Azriel Hildesheimer]], German rabbi, founder of [[Torah im Derech Eretz]]; in 1851, he was called to the rabbinate of Eisenstadt
* [[Markus Horovitz]], German rabbi and historian; born March 14, 1844, in [[Ladány]], pursued his rabbinical studies at the yeshibot
* [[Johann Nepomuk Hummel]], musician
* [[Adam Liszt]], musician, father of [[Franz Liszt]]
* [[Leopold Löw]], born at [[Černá Hora (Blansko District)|Czernahora]], [[Moravia]], studied at the yeshibot of Eisenstadt
* [[Mordecai Mokiach]], "pseudo"-[[Messiah]], born in [[Alsace]]
* [[Robert Musil]], author
* [[Ignaz Pleyel]]
* [[Emanuel Schreiber]], rabbi
* [[Fritz Spiegl]]
* [[Isaac Hirsch Weiss]], talmudist and historian of literature; born at [[Gross Meseritsch]], Moravia; studied at yeshivah
* [[Samson Wertheimer]], rabbi
* [[Aaron Wise]], rabbi, born at [[Erlau]], studied at yeshivah; the father of Stephen Samuel Wise
===As a surname===
'''Eisenstadt''', a Jewish surname, derives from this city. Some people with this surname or its variants include:
*[[Shmuel Eisenstadt]] Israeli sociologist
*[[Alfred Eisenstaedt]]
*[[Meir Eisenstadt]]
*[[Stuart E. Eizenstat]]
Tori Eisenstadt
==References==
<!--This article draws heavily on the [[:de:Eisenstadt|corresponding article]] in the German Wikipedia, accessed on several occasions in March–April 2005, and from the [[:hu:Kismarton|Kismarton]] article in the Hungarian Wikipedia from June 2006.-->
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Eisenstadt}}
* [http://www.eisenstadt.at/ Official site] {{de icon}}
* [http://www.eisenstadt-tourism.at/?lang=en Official Eisenstadt Tourism Site]
* [http://www.burgenland.at/eisenstadt/ Eisenstadt on the official Burgenland site] {{de icon}}
*[http://www.ojm.at/ Österreichisches Jüdisches Museum (Austrian Jewish Museum)] {{de icon}}
*[http://www.schloss-esterhazy.at/ Schloss Esterházy (Esterházy Castle)] {{de icon}}
*[http://www.haydnfestival.at/ Haydn festival] {{de icon}} {{en icon}}
*[http://www.fh-burgenland.at Fachhochschul-Studiengänge Burgenland] University of applied sciences. {{de icon}}
*[http://www.ironcity.at/ "Iron City"], Eisenstadt page for young adult activities. {{de icon}}
*[http://www.travel2austria.com/?p=167 Eisenstadt in English] {{en icon}}
== See also ==
* [[Eisenstadt v. Baird]]
{{Burgenland}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Burgenland]]
[[Category:Districts of Austria]]
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