Elias, Duke of Parma 5559385 220970847 2008-06-22T13:27:51Z Gcm 1744065 +[[:ca:Elies de Parma]] <!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:1880 Elie-03.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elias, Duke of Parma.]] --> '''Elias, Duke of Parma and Piacenza''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Elias, Duca di Parma e Piacenza''; [[July 23]], [[1880]] - [[June 27]], [[1959]]) was the head of the [[House of Bourbon-Parma]] and the titular duke of Parma from 1950 to 1959. From 1907 to 1950 he served as regent for the claims of his two older disabled brothers. ==Early life== Elias was born at [[Biarritz]], the youngest son of the deposed [[Robert I, Duke of Parma|Duke Robert I of Parma]] and his first wife Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies (daughter of King [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies]]). Despite the loss of his throne, Robert and his family enjoyed considerable wealth. They owned castles at [[Schwarzau am Steinfelde]] near [[Vienna]] in [[Austria]], Villa Pianore near [[Viareggio]] in [[Italy]], and the magnificent [[château de Chambord]] in [[France]]. ==Marriage and family== On [[May 25]], [[1903]] at Vienna, Elias married Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1882-1940), daughter of [[Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen]] and a niece of [[Maria Cristina of Austria|Queen Maria Cristina of Spain]]. Elias and Maria Anna had eight children: *Princess Elisabetta (1904-1983); she died unmarried. *Prince Carlo (1905-1912); he died of [[poliomyelitis]]. *Princess Maria Francesca (1906-1994); she died unmarried. *[[Robert II, Duke of Parma|Robert II, Duke of Parma]] (1909-1974); he died unmarried. *Prince Francesco (1913-1939); he died unmarried. *Princess Giovanna (1916-1949); she never married and was killed in a shooting accident in La Toledana, [[Spain]]. *Princess Alicia (born 1917); she married [[Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria]]. *Princess Maria Cristina (born 1925); she is unmarried. ==Regent for his brothers== In 1907 Elias' father Robert died and was succeeded in his claims as Duke of Parma by his son Enrico who was mentally disabled. Less than four months later the Grand Marshal of the Austrian court declared Enrico and five of his siblings legally incompetent. Elias became regent for Enrico's claims and guardian for his disabled siblings. In 1907 Elias was made a knight of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] by the Emperor [[Franz Joseph of Austria]]. In 1910 Elias came to an agreement with his half-siblings, his father's children by his second wife, about the division of their father's estate. Elias was to have half of the estate in order to support his rank as head of the family; this half included the château de Chambord. In 1915 Chambord was sequestered by the French government as alien property, since Elias held a commission in the [[Austrian Army]].<ref>"Demands Seizure of Bourbon Estate", ''The New York Times'' (April 21, 1915): 1; "France Takes Chambord", ''The New York Times'' (April 25, 1915): 3.</ref> Liquidation proceedings were started in 1919 in application of the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], which gave the Allies the right to keep such property. Elias' half-brothers, [[Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma|Sixtus]] and [[Xavier, Duke of Parma|Xavier]] took Elias to court to obtain a greater share of their father's estate. They claimed that the 1910 family agreement violated the French law which mandated equal division between siblings. In 1925 the French courts determined that Sixtus and Xavier should have a larger share, but in 1928 this judgement was overturned on appeal. In 1932 the court of cassation upheld the appeal on the grounds that there was a valid agreement between the siblings to an unequal division. Elias' rights to the château de Chambord were thereby recognised - but the wartime confiscation was upheld and Elias was financially compensated with 11 million francs. In 1939 Enrico died and was succeeded in his claims as Duke of Parma by his brother Giuseppe who also was mentally disabled. Elias continued to act as regent. In 1950 Giuseppe died and Elias succeeded as Duke of Parma. Elias died at [[Friedberg, Styria]] in 1959. He and his wife are buried in the nearby village of Mönichkirchen. ==Ancestry== {{ahnentafel top|width=100%}} {{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. '''Elias, Duke of Parma''' |2= 2. [[Robert I, Duke of Parma]] |3= 3. [[Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies]] |4= 4. [[Charles III, Duke of Parma]] |5= 5. [[Louise Marie Thérèse of France|Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France]] |6= 6. [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies]] |7= 7. [[Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867)|Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria]] |8= 8. [[Charles II, Duke of Parma]] |9= 9. [[Maria Teresa of Savoy]] |10= 10. [[Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry]] |11= 11. [[Caroline Ferdinande Louise, duchesse de Berry|Princess Caroline Ferdinande Louise of the Two Sicilies]] |12= 12. [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]] |13= 13. [[Maria Isabella of Spain|Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain]] |14= 14. [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen]] |15= 15. [[Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg]] |16= 16. [[Louis of Etruria]] |17= 17. [[Maria Louisa of Spain (1782-1824)|Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain]] |18= 18. [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] |19= 19. [[Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este (1773-1832)|Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este]] |20= 20. [[Charles X of France]] |21= 21. [[Marie Thérèse of Savoy|Princess Marie Thérèse of Savoy]] |22= 22. [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]] (= 12) |23= 23. [[Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria]] |24= 24. [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] |25= 25. [[Marie Caroline of Austria|Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria]] |26= 26. [[Charles IV of Spain]] |27= 27. [[Maria Luisa of Parma|Princess Maria Luisa of Parma]] |28= 28. [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]] |29= 29. [[Maria Louisa of Spain|Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain]] |30= 30. [[Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg]] |31= 31. Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg }}</center> {{ahnentafel bottom}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{start box}} {{s-hou|[[House of Bourbon-Parma]]|23 July|1880|27 June|1959|[[Capetian dynasty]]}} {{s-pre}} {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Joseph, Duke of Parma|Joseph]]}} {{s-tul|title=[[List of Dukes of Parma|Duke of Parma]]|years=1950-1959|reason=Annexed by [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]}} {{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Robert II, Duke of Parma|Robert II]]}} {{s-tul|title=[[Kingdom of Etruria|King of Etruria]]|years=1950-1959|reason=}} {{end box}} [[Category:1880 births]] [[Category:1959 deaths]] [[Category:House of Bourbon-Parma]] [[Category:Dukes of Parma]] [[Category:Princes of Parma and Piacenza]] [[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]] [[ca:Elies de Parma]] [[de:Elias von Bourbon-Parma]] [[et:Elias (Parma)]] [[fr:Élie de Bourbon-Parme]] [[it:Elias I di Parma]] [[nl:Elias van Bourbon-Parma]] [[pl:Eliasz Parmeński]]