Encephalartos
2783508
224858381
2008-07-10T18:55:55Z
128.170.136.201
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Encephalartos''
| image = Encephalartos lebomboensis - Lebombo cycad - desc-fruiting stalk.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Encephalartos lebomboensis''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Cycad]]ophyta
| classis = [[Cycad]]opsida
| ordo = [[Cycad]]ales
| familia = [[Zamiaceae]]
| genus = '''''Encephalartos'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Georg Christian Lehmann|Lehm.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
| range_map = Encephalartos_distribution.png
| range_map_width = 250px
| range_map_caption = Geographical distribution of genus ''Encephalartos''
}}
{{commons|Encephalartos}}
'''''Encephalartos''''' is a genus of [[cycad]] native to [[Africa]]. Several species of ''Encephalartos'' are commonly referred to as '''bread palms''', '''bread tree''' or '''Kaffir bread''' since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem. All the species of ''Encephalartos'' are endangered. The genus name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''en'' (within), ''kephali'' (head), and ''artos'' (bread), referring to the use of the [[pith]] to make food.
The genus was named by German botanist [[Johann Georg Christian Lehmann]] in 1834. All cycads except ''[[Cycas]]'' had been regarded as members of the genus ''[[Zamia]]'' until then, and some botanists continued to follow this line for many years after Lehmann had separated ''Encephalartos'' as a separate genus. His concept was originally much broader than the one accepted today, including also the Australian plants we now know as ''[[Macrozamia]]'' and ''[[Lepidozamia]]''.
<ref name=Plantzafrica>{{cite web|title=''Encephalartos woodii'' Sander|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/encephwoodii.htm|date=May 2002|author=Alice Notten|publisher= Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and South African National Biodiversity Institute|accessdate=2006-11-16}}</ref>
==Species==
* ''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos barteri]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos bubalinus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos caffer]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos chimanimaniensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos concinnus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos delucanus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos equatorialis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos ferox]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos gratus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos hildebrandtii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos horridus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos humilis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos ituriensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos kisambo]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos laurentianus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos mackenziei]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos macrostrobilus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos manikensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos marunguensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos munchii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos poggei]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos princeps]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos pterogonus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos schaijesii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos schmitzii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos sclavoi]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos septentrionalis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos tegulaneus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos turneri]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos villosus]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos whitelockii]]''
* ''[[Encephalartos woodii]]''
==See also==
*[[List of Southern African indigenous trees]]
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://www.wild-about-you.com/AfricaCycads.htm List of African Cycads]
*[http://www.cycadsociety.org Cycad Society of South Africa]
[[Category:Encephalartos|*]]
[[cs:Encephalartos]]
[[de:Brotpalmfarne]]
[[es:Encephalartos]]
[[fr:Encephalartos]]
[[it:Encephalartos]]
[[lt:Galvonis]]
[[pt:Encephalartos]]
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