Encephalartos 2783508 224858381 2008-07-10T18:55:55Z 128.170.136.201 {{Taxobox | name = ''Encephalartos'' | image = Encephalartos lebomboensis - Lebombo cycad - desc-fruiting stalk.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Encephalartos lebomboensis'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Cycad]]ophyta | classis = [[Cycad]]opsida | ordo = [[Cycad]]ales | familia = [[Zamiaceae]] | genus = '''''Encephalartos''''' | genus_authority = [[Johann Georg Christian Lehmann|Lehm.]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. | range_map = Encephalartos_distribution.png | range_map_width = 250px | range_map_caption = Geographical distribution of genus ''Encephalartos'' }} {{commons|Encephalartos}} '''''Encephalartos''''' is a genus of [[cycad]] native to [[Africa]]. Several species of ''Encephalartos'' are commonly referred to as '''bread palms''', '''bread tree''' or '''Kaffir bread''' since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem. All the species of ''Encephalartos'' are endangered. The genus name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''en'' (within), ''kephali'' (head), and ''artos'' (bread), referring to the use of the [[pith]] to make food. The genus was named by German botanist [[Johann Georg Christian Lehmann]] in 1834. All cycads except ''[[Cycas]]'' had been regarded as members of the genus ''[[Zamia]]'' until then, and some botanists continued to follow this line for many years after Lehmann had separated ''Encephalartos'' as a separate genus. His concept was originally much broader than the one accepted today, including also the Australian plants we now know as ''[[Macrozamia]]'' and ''[[Lepidozamia]]''. <ref name=Plantzafrica>{{cite web|title=''Encephalartos woodii'' Sander|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/encephwoodii.htm|date=May 2002|author=Alice Notten|publisher= Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and South African National Biodiversity Institute|accessdate=2006-11-16}}</ref> ==Species== * ''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos barteri]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos bubalinus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos caffer]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos chimanimaniensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos concinnus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos delucanus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos equatorialis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos ferox]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos gratus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos hildebrandtii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos horridus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos humilis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos ituriensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos kisambo]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos laurentianus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos mackenziei]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos macrostrobilus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos manikensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos marunguensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos munchii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos poggei]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos princeps]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos pterogonus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos schaijesii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos schmitzii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos sclavoi]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos septentrionalis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos tegulaneus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos turneri]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos villosus]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos whitelockii]]'' * ''[[Encephalartos woodii]]'' ==See also== *[[List of Southern African indigenous trees]] ==References== <references/> ==External links== *[http://www.wild-about-you.com/AfricaCycads.htm List of African Cycads] *[http://www.cycadsociety.org Cycad Society of South Africa] [[Category:Encephalartos|*]] [[cs:Encephalartos]] [[de:Brotpalmfarne]] [[es:Encephalartos]] [[fr:Encephalartos]] [[it:Encephalartos]] [[lt:Galvonis]] [[pt:Encephalartos]] {{tree-stub}}