Endopterygota
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robot Adding: [[sk:Holometabolný hmyz]]
{{Unreferenced|date=November 2007}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Endopterygota
|fossil_range=Middle [[Carboniferous]] - Recent
| image = Panorpa communis V.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| image_caption = ''[[Panorpa communis]]'', a [[scorpionfly]] (order Mecoptera)
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| subphylum = [[Hexapoda]]
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| subclassis = [[Pterygota]]
| infraclassis = [[Neoptera]]
| superordo = '''Endopterygota'''
| superordo_authority = Sharp, [[1898]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Order (biology)|Order]]s
| subdivision =
[[Hymenoptera]] ([[ant]]s, [[bee]]s, etc.)<br />
[[Coleoptera]] (beetles)<br />
[[Strepsiptera]] (twisted-winged parasites)<br />
[[Raphidioptera]] (snakeflies)<br />
[[Megaloptera]] ([[Sialidae|alderflies]], etc.)<br />
[[Neuroptera]] (net-veined insects)<br />
[[Mecoptera]] (scorpionflies, etc.)<br />
[[Siphonaptera]] ([[flea]]s and [[snow flea]]s)<br />
[[Diptera]] (true [[fly|flies]])<br />
[[Trichoptera]] ([[caddisfly|caddisflies]])<br />
[[Lepidoptera]] ([[butterfly|butterflies]], [[moth]]s)<br />
For fossil groups and possible future splits, see text.
}}
The '''Endopterygota''', also known as '''Holometabola''', are [[insect]]s of the subclass [[Pterygota]] which go through distinctive [[larva]]l, [[pupa]]l, and adult stages. They undergo a radical [[Metamorphosis (biology)|metamorphosis]], with the [[larval]] and adult stages differing considerably in their structure and behaviour. This is called [[holometabolism]], or complete metamorphism.
The Endopterygota are among the most diverse insect [[superorder]]s, with at least 680,000 living species divided between eleven [[Order (biology)|orders]], containing insects such as [[butterfly|butterflies]], [[flea]]s, [[bee]]s, [[ant]]s and [[beetle]]s.
They are distinguished from the [[Exopterygota]] (or Hemipterodea) by the way in which their wings develop. Endopterygota (meaning literally "internal winged forms") develop wings inside the body and undergo an elaborate metamorphosis involving a pupal stage. Exopterygota ("external winged forms") develop wings on the outside of their bodies and do not go through a pupal stage. The latter trait is [[plesiomorph]]ic however and not exclusively found in the exopterygotes, but also in groups such as [[Odonata]] (dragonflies and damselflies) which are not Neoptera but more [[basal (evolution)|basal]] among insects.
==Systematics==
[[Integrated Taxonomic Information System|ITIS]] considers any subdivision of the Neoptera beyond the [[order (biology)|order]]s invalid, but this is almost universally rejected.
The Endopterygota are sometimes divided into three assemblages: [[Neuropteroida]] (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Coleoptera), [[Hymenopteroida]] (Hymenoptera), and [[Panorpoida]] (Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Strepsiptera and Mecoptera). It was long believed that the [[hymenoptera]]ns, with their highly-developed [[social insects|social systems]], constituted the most advanced insects, despite their rather "primitive" [[anatomy]] compared to [[flies]] and [[beetle]]s for example.
More recently, this is increasingly been rejected and [[DNA sequence]] data seems to verify that the hymenopterans are indeed among the most [[basal (evolution)|basal]] endopterygotes, whereas flies and [[flea]]s are often considered the most radically advanced insects nowadays. This calls the previous subdivision into question, and consequently several new [[taxa]] have been proposed, splitting up the Endopterygota. While some groups (such as the "sucking-stinging" fly-flea assemblage or the caddisfly-butterfly group) seem indeed to be good [[clade]]s, it is not likely that the relationships of the endopterygotes, or the neopteran insects in general, will be resolved in detail soon.
Superorder Endopterygota ''[[sensu stricto]]''
* [[Hymenoptera]] ([[ant]]s, [[bee]]s, etc.)
* [[Coleoptera]] (beetles)
* [[Strepsiptera]] (twisted-winged parasites)
Proposed superorder [[Neuropterida]]/[[Neuropteroidea]]
* [[Raphidioptera]] (snakeflies)
* [[Megaloptera]] ([[Sialidae|alderflies]], etc.)
* [[Neuroptera]] (net-veined insects)
Proposed superorder [[Mecopteroidea]]/[[Antliophora]]
* [[Mecoptera]] (scorpionflies, etc.)
* [[Siphonaptera]] ([[flea]]s and [[snow flea]]s)
* [[Diptera]] (true [[fly|flies]])
* [[Protodiptera]] (fossil)
Proposed superorder [[Amphiesmenoptera]]
* [[Trichoptera]] ([[caddisfly|caddisflies]])
* [[Lepidoptera]] ([[butterfly|butterflies]], [[moth]]s)
''[[Incertae sedis]]''
* [[Glosselytrodea]] (fossil)
* [[Miomoptera]] (fossil)
[[Category:Insects]]
[[ca:Endopterigot]]
[[de:Holometabole Insekten]]
[[es:Endopterygota]]
[[fr:Holométabolisme]]
[[ko:내시상목]]
[[is:Innvængjur]]
[[it:Oligoneoptera]]
[[hu:Fejlett szárnyas rovarok]]
[[nl:Endopterygota]]
[[no:Holometabole insekter]]
[[pt:Endopterygota]]
[[sk:Holometabolný hmyz]]