Endopterygota 799158 219547286 2008-06-15T19:33:08Z TXiKiBoT 3171782 robot Adding: [[sk:Holometabolný hmyz]] {{Unreferenced|date=November 2007}} {{Taxobox | name = Endopterygota |fossil_range=Middle [[Carboniferous]] - Recent | image = Panorpa communis V.jpg | image_width = 220px | image_caption = ''[[Panorpa communis]]'', a [[scorpionfly]] (order Mecoptera) | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insect]]a | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = '''Endopterygota''' | superordo_authority = Sharp, [[1898]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Order (biology)|Order]]s | subdivision = [[Hymenoptera]] ([[ant]]s, [[bee]]s, etc.)<br /> [[Coleoptera]] (beetles)<br /> [[Strepsiptera]] (twisted-winged parasites)<br /> [[Raphidioptera]] (snakeflies)<br /> [[Megaloptera]] ([[Sialidae|alderflies]], etc.)<br /> [[Neuroptera]] (net-veined insects)<br /> [[Mecoptera]] (scorpionflies, etc.)<br /> [[Siphonaptera]] ([[flea]]s and [[snow flea]]s)<br /> [[Diptera]] (true [[fly|flies]])<br /> [[Trichoptera]] ([[caddisfly|caddisflies]])<br /> [[Lepidoptera]] ([[butterfly|butterflies]], [[moth]]s)<br /> For fossil groups and possible future splits, see text. }} The '''Endopterygota''', also known as '''Holometabola''', are [[insect]]s of the subclass [[Pterygota]] which go through distinctive [[larva]]l, [[pupa]]l, and adult stages. They undergo a radical [[Metamorphosis (biology)|metamorphosis]], with the [[larval]] and adult stages differing considerably in their structure and behaviour. This is called [[holometabolism]], or complete metamorphism. The Endopterygota are among the most diverse insect [[superorder]]s, with at least 680,000 living species divided between eleven [[Order (biology)|orders]], containing insects such as [[butterfly|butterflies]], [[flea]]s, [[bee]]s, [[ant]]s and [[beetle]]s. They are distinguished from the [[Exopterygota]] (or Hemipterodea) by the way in which their wings develop. Endopterygota (meaning literally "internal winged forms") develop wings inside the body and undergo an elaborate metamorphosis involving a pupal stage. Exopterygota ("external winged forms") develop wings on the outside of their bodies and do not go through a pupal stage. The latter trait is [[plesiomorph]]ic however and not exclusively found in the exopterygotes, but also in groups such as [[Odonata]] (dragonflies and damselflies) which are not Neoptera but more [[basal (evolution)|basal]] among insects. ==Systematics== [[Integrated Taxonomic Information System|ITIS]] considers any subdivision of the Neoptera beyond the [[order (biology)|order]]s invalid, but this is almost universally rejected. The Endopterygota are sometimes divided into three assemblages: [[Neuropteroida]] (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Coleoptera), [[Hymenopteroida]] (Hymenoptera), and [[Panorpoida]] (Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Strepsiptera and Mecoptera). It was long believed that the [[hymenoptera]]ns, with their highly-developed [[social insects|social systems]], constituted the most advanced insects, despite their rather "primitive" [[anatomy]] compared to [[flies]] and [[beetle]]s for example. More recently, this is increasingly been rejected and [[DNA sequence]] data seems to verify that the hymenopterans are indeed among the most [[basal (evolution)|basal]] endopterygotes, whereas flies and [[flea]]s are often considered the most radically advanced insects nowadays. This calls the previous subdivision into question, and consequently several new [[taxa]] have been proposed, splitting up the Endopterygota. While some groups (such as the "sucking-stinging" fly-flea assemblage or the caddisfly-butterfly group) seem indeed to be good [[clade]]s, it is not likely that the relationships of the endopterygotes, or the neopteran insects in general, will be resolved in detail soon. Superorder Endopterygota ''[[sensu stricto]]'' * [[Hymenoptera]] ([[ant]]s, [[bee]]s, etc.) * [[Coleoptera]] (beetles) * [[Strepsiptera]] (twisted-winged parasites) Proposed superorder [[Neuropterida]]/[[Neuropteroidea]] * [[Raphidioptera]] (snakeflies) * [[Megaloptera]] ([[Sialidae|alderflies]], etc.) * [[Neuroptera]] (net-veined insects) Proposed superorder [[Mecopteroidea]]/[[Antliophora]] * [[Mecoptera]] (scorpionflies, etc.) * [[Siphonaptera]] ([[flea]]s and [[snow flea]]s) * [[Diptera]] (true [[fly|flies]]) * [[Protodiptera]] (fossil) Proposed superorder [[Amphiesmenoptera]] * [[Trichoptera]] ([[caddisfly|caddisflies]]) * [[Lepidoptera]] ([[butterfly|butterflies]], [[moth]]s) ''[[Incertae sedis]]'' * [[Glosselytrodea]] (fossil) * [[Miomoptera]] (fossil) [[Category:Insects]] [[ca:Endopterigot]] [[de:Holometabole Insekten]] [[es:Endopterygota]] [[fr:Holométabolisme]] [[ko:내시상목]] [[is:Innvængjur]] [[it:Oligoneoptera]] [[hu:Fejlett szárnyas rovarok]] [[nl:Endopterygota]] [[no:Holometabole insekter]] [[pt:Endopterygota]] [[sk:Holometabolný hmyz]]